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46-511: The company was founded by Sherman Fairchild in 1931 to augment his interests in photography and image projection. Fairchild's most notable products were the Fairchild 670 stereo compressor and its mono sibling, the Fairchild 660 . These compressors can sell for over $ 30,000 as of 2003. The original design, created by Rein Narma as he was building Les Paul's first 8-channel mixing console,

92-572: A stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sherman Fairchild Sherman Mills Fairchild (April 7, 1896 – March 28, 1971) was an American businessman and investor who founded over 70 companies , including Fairchild Aviation , Fairchild Industries , and Fairchild Camera and Instrument . Fairchild made significant contributions to the aviation industry and was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1979. His Semiconductor Division of Fairchild Camera played

138-963: A controlling interest in the Kreider-Reisner Co. and began building new manufacturing facilities at the Hagerstown Airfield. During the Great Depression he consolidated his aircraft business in Hagerstown to form the Fairchild Aircraft Corp in 1935, which became his principal US aircraft manufacturing subsidiary. The plant began manufacturing new aircraft, including the Fairchild Model 22 (1931), Model 24 (1932), Model 95 (1934 – USAAC XC-31), Model 91, Jungle Clipper (1935), Model 45 (1935) and Model 46 (1937). After numerous changes it became

184-583: A defining role in Silicon Valley . He held over 30 patents for products ranging from the silicon semiconductor to the 8-mm home sound motion-picture camera. Fairchild was responsible for inventing the first synchronized camera shutter and flash as well as developing technologies for aerial cameras that were later used on the Apollo Missions . Born in Oneonta, New York , Sherman Fairchild was

230-497: A great variety of faces and sizes." During the 1950s, Fairchild invested heavily in research and development, and introduced new products that ranged from devices combining radar and photography for training pilots to automatic corrected color engraving machines. In 1958 it developed high-speed processing equipment for motion pictures that could develop 500 feet of film almost instantly. The Fairchild Company in America introduced in

276-577: A large portion of Fairchild's revenue. The company won a U.S. Air Force contract for the C-82 Packet cargo and troop-carrying airplanes and spare parts. The company then began to develop products for the commercial sector such as manufacturing x-ray equipment. In 1948, the company introduced the Fairchild Lithotype for the newspaper and publishing industry. It was described as "a revolutionary machine that types standard printers' type in

322-403: A particularly bright and naturally inquisitive child, Fairchild matriculated at Harvard University in 1915 where, in his freshman year, he invented the first synchronized camera shutter and flash. During his college years he contracted tuberculosis and, under the advice of his physician, moved to Arizona to take advantage of the dry climate to aid in his recovery. While there, he enrolled at

368-522: A speed of 24 fps. In 1957, the company was approached by members of the " traitorous eight " to rescue the group from the authoritarian regime of William Shockley . With help from Arthur Rock Sherman Fairchild agreed to provide the venture capital to launch a division of Fairchild called Fairchild Semiconductor , from which would spawn dozens of semiconductors and Silicon Valley . In 1960, two years after Emerson Radio had acquired DuMont's TV manufacturing division (in 1958), Fairchild acquired

414-502: A subsidiary of Schlumberger . Schlumberger sold Fairchild Semiconductor to National Semiconductor in 1987; National Semiconductor was then acquired by Texas Instruments in 2011. The rest of Fairchild was renamed Fairchild Weston Systems in 1982, which was bought by Loral Corporation in 1989. The company was then renamed as the Loral Fairchild Systems division of Loral Corp. In 1996, Lockheed Martin completed

460-568: A successful commercial venture. To accommodate this growing commercial demand for aerial surveys, Fairchild established Fairchild Aerial Surveys in the United States. Among Fairchild's aerial photographers during the 1920s was Edith Keating, one of the first female aerial photographers and later an advocate for the inclusion of women pilots in WWII. In 1965 Fairchild sold Fairchild Aerial Surveys to Aero Services, Inc., which decided to keep only

506-657: A variety of interests. Aside from maintaining his companies, he enjoyed architecture, cooking, jazz, dancing, philosophy, and tennis. He always kept an eye out for opportunities to create or improve upon existing technology or capabilities. Sherman Fairchild died on March 28, 1971, at Roosevelt Hospital in New York after a long illness. He was buried in Glenwood Cemetery in Oneonta, Otsego County, New York, within walking distance of his childhood home, which became

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552-630: The East Coast of the United States , and provided research and development for flash photography equipment. The technology was primarily used for DOD spy satellites. The firm was later known for its manufacture of semiconductors . Fairchild Camera and Instrument was incorporated in Delaware in 1927 as the Fairchild Aviation Corporation (also see Fairchild Aircraft ), which comprised seven aircraft businesses that were

598-599: The Salvation Army , and $ 100,000 to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals , in memory of his aunt May Fairchild. The foundation donated $ 6.5 million to Columbia University , Fairchild's alma mater, for a new life sciences building. Fairchild Camera and Instrument Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation was a company founded by Sherman Fairchild . It was based on

644-554: The University of Arizona , where he became increasingly interested in photography. He later transferred to Columbia University in New York and was enrolled in Columbia College from 1919 to 1920, according to the official registrar. Due to his ongoing medical problems, Fairchild did not earn a degree from any of these schools. Instead he pursued his desire to become an entrepreneur. In 1917, after being rejected from

690-434: The 1936 reorganization it became Fairchild Engine and Airplane Co. and took control over all Fairchild Aircraft and engine holdings. In 1950, it became Fairchild Engine and Airplane Company. During the 1960s Fairchild went through a series of changes and acquisition. The company was renamed Fairchild-Stratos Corporation in 1961, and began building meteoroid detection satellites for NASA as well as cameras that were used during

736-672: The 1950s, Fairchild manufactured the C-123 Provider , a short-range assault transport which was used for a variety of purposes, including spraying defoliants in Vietnam. In 1956, Fairchild built the Fokker F-27 Friendship passenger airplane, the first American-built airliner in service. Fokker licensed the design to Fairchild so it could be made in the US; Fairchild also made a stretched version of this aircraft called

782-470: The Aircraft Division in 1967, which was broken up in a corporate reorganization after Fairchild's death. Over the years, Fairchild airplanes played major roles in the military, ferrying, freighting, and surveying industries. In 1939, Fairchild bought a process developed by Virginius E. Clark in which a composite made of hot layers of plywood soaked with resin adhesive and bonded under pressure

828-738: The Apollo missions. After acquiring Hiller Aircraft in 1964, it became Fairchild Hiller. Later that same year Fairchild acquired Republic Aviation , which became the Republic Aviation Division of Fairchild Hiller. Fairchild created the Space & Electronic Systems division in 1965 to produce spacecraft and subsystems. The division also manufactured parts for the F-4 Phantom and the Boeing 747 Jumbo Jet. In 1929, Fairchild acquired

874-584: The FH-227. The 40-seat plane was also the first to offer its passengers air conditioning and pressurization within the short-haul marketplace. It became widely used as a "feeder" plane for commercial carriers across the globe. After acquiring Hiller Helicopters and becoming Fairchild Hiller in 1964, it introduced the FH-1100 civilian helicopter. On December 18, 1970, the Air Force selected Fairchild to develop

920-517: The Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation (predecessor of Fairchild Camera and Instrument ). Shortly thereafter the U.S. Army ordered 20 additional Fairchild cameras and selected it as the standard for aerial cameras. The need for Fairchild's aerial cameras continued to grow; during World War II over 90% of all aerial cameras used by Allied Forces were of Fairchild design or manufacture. Fairchild wanted to expand

966-634: The Fairchild Airplane Manufacturing Corporation of Farmingdale, New York , and the Kreider-Reisner Aircraft Company of Hagerstown, Maryland . The Aviation Corp ( AVCO ) purchased Fairchild Aviation and its subsidiaries in 1930; however, in the following year Fairchild repurchased Fairchild Aviation Corp and eventually all its subordinate companies. In 1936, Fairchild Aviation divested all of its aircraft manufacturing interests into

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1012-698: The Oneonta Masonic Lodge. He left bequests to more than 50 relatives, friends and former employees. Most of the $ 200+ million estate went to two charitable foundations, the Fairchild Foundation and the Sherman Fairchild Foundation . The assets of the Sherman Fairchild Foundation in Chevy Chase, Maryland , have grown to over $ 500 million. Other bequests were $ 300,000 to Roosevelt Hospital , $ 200,000 to

1058-621: The YA-10A prototype, which was the last aircraft project undertaken before Fairchild's death in 1971. Production of the A-10 Thunderbolt II began in 1974. It was nicknamed the "Warthog" because it was built as a workhorse and many felt it was ugly. It was used in 1991 at the start of Operation Desert Storm during the first ground battle. The planes took more responsibilities during the war, as they were strongly built and able to withstand considerable battle damage. After sixty years,

1104-579: The acquisition of Loral Corporation's defense electronics and system integration businesses, which included Fairchild, for $ 9.1 billion. The company became Lockheed Fairchild Systems. In 2000, Lockheed Martin grouped Fairchild with Sanders Associates and Lockheed Martin Space Electronics & Communications under the Lockheed Martin Aerospace Electronic Systems division. BAE Systems agreed to acquire

1150-428: The capabilities of his cameras for map making and aerial surveying. In 1921, he formed Fairchild Aerial Surveys and bought a surplus World War I Fokker D.VII biplane to take his aerial photographs. Shortly afterward, Fairchild landed a contract to make a photomap of Newark, New Jersey , which was the first aerial mapping of a major city. In 1923, Fairchild formed Fairchild Aerial Surveys of Canada , Limited after he

1196-723: The collection was put up for sale. The University of California Santa Barbara acquired the collection in December, 2012. Fairchild Corporation developed the Fairchild Lunar Mapping Camera (also known as the Metric Camera) for NASA . The camera was carried on Apollo 15 , 16 , and 17 and took photos from lunar orbit throughout the missions. Over 7,000 frames were captured by the Lunar Mapping Cameras, covering approximately 20% of

1242-714: The division in July 2000 and completed its acquisition on in November. In 2001, the Carlyle Group reached an agreement with BAE to spin out Fairchild's imaging sensors division as an independent private company called Fairchild Imaging . In 2011, BAE Systems purchased Fairchild Imaging from the Carlyle Group. It is based in Milpitas, California , about twelve miles away from the site where Fairchild Semiconductor

1288-408: The early 1960s a range of Cinephonic cameras. They used pre-striped Standard 8 film. The amplifier was transistorised and the sound separation was 56 frames. The entire system was run by a rechargeable 12-volt nickel-cadmium battery that was reputed to shoot and record 800 ft of film without being recharged. The camera took 8mm film in 100 ft reels which gave five and a half minutes shooting at

1334-679: The entire aircraft program was shut down in 1987 after the failure of the T-46A program. In 1931 Fairchild started the Fairchild Recording Equipment Corporation in Whitestone, New York , to augment his interests in photography and projection of images. Fairchild Recording Equipment Corporation developed the audio Fairchild 660 mono and 670 stereo dynamic range compressors . Having never been married or had any children, Fairchild spent his time exploring

1380-426: The first international airmail from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba . In the span of 9 months, Fairchild went from initial production to being the second largest aircraft producer in the world. Fairchild created, purchased, merged and sold his aviation company several times. He incorporated Fairchild Aviation Corporation as a holding company for all his other endeavors, with two of its largest subsidiaries being

1426-589: The lunar surface. These frames were used to produce topographic photo maps of the moon. Fairchild soon realized that existing planes were not suitable for the type of maneuvering and extreme conditions that were often encountered during aerial photography. In 1925, he formed the Fairchild Aviation Corporation in Long Island, New York, to build the Fairchild FC-1 , an aircraft specifically designed to provide accurate aerial mapping and surveying. Fairchild

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1472-459: The military because of his poor health, Fairchild was determined to find another way to support the World War I effort. Fairchild and his father went to Washington and won a government contract to develop an improved aerial camera. The camera featured a shutter that was inside the lens, thereby reducing the significant image distortion caused by the slow shutter speeds that could not keep up with

1518-401: The more recent photographs and dispose of the others. A former Fairchild employee learned of this plan and was able to get the older material to three Southern California Institutions, Whittier College , UCLA , and California State University at Northridge , where he knew professors who would put the material to good use. Whittier College closed access to the photographs in 2010, and in 2012

1564-469: The movement of the plane. The U.S. government gave Fairchild a budget of $ 7,000; the project, however, ended up costing $ 40,000; his father paid the difference. Although the military did not accept his camera until the war was over, the U.S. government did purchase two cameras for training. Undeterred, Fairchild focused his attention on developing a more advanced camera, and in February 1920 he established

1610-501: The new Fairchild Engine and Airplane Co. Created in 1924, Fairchild Airplane and Manufacturing Co. was the original aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of Fairchild Aviation Corp. Its primary purpose was to design and build aircraft for Fairchild's aerial cameras. It was purchased by AVCO in 1930, then combined with Fairchild Engine Co. to form American Airplane and Engine Corp, which then bought American Airplane and Engine in 1934 to become Fairchild Aircraft Manufacturing and Engine Co. In

1656-506: The official cameras of the United States Army and Navy Air Services. In 1944, Fairchild changed the company name from Fairchild Aviation to Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation. Its product portfolio expanded during World War II from aerial photography equipment to include machine gun cameras, x-ray cameras, radar cameras, gun synchronizers, and radio compasses . After the war, military sales still represented

1702-512: The only child of George Winthrop Fairchild (1854–1924) and Josephine Mills Sherman (1859–1924). His father was a Republican Congressman as well as a co-founder and the first Chairman of IBM . His mother was the daughter of William Sherman, of Davenport, Iowa. As an only child he inherited his father's multimillion-dollar estate after his father died on December 31, 1924. He also inherited his father's IBM stock, becoming IBM's largest individual stockholder until his death in 1971. Known to be

1748-479: The outgrowth of Fairchild Aerial Camera Corporation, which had been incorporated in 1920. The merger made Fairchild Aviation the second-largest manufacturer of commercial airplanes and the fourth-largest aviation organization in the United States. Fairchild Aerial Camera manufactured aerial cameras for military and commercial aerial mapping that were used in Russia , Poland , and throughout South America . They were

1794-614: The plane in a U.S. Army competition against other primary trainer candidates. When the M-62 won the contest, the Air Corps awarded Fairchild with a contract for 270 planes to be designated the PT-19 . The PT-19 model was the main product of the Fairchild plant in Hagerstown. In 1942, Fairchild developed the Fairchild Model 78, which was designed specifically for military transport. He

1840-890: The remnants of Allen B. DuMont Laboratories (oscillograph & cathode-ray tube manufacturing), as well as large interest in Società Generale Semiconduttori, an Italian semiconductor producer. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, it acquired several companies in various industries: printing, sensors and magnetic heads, precision optical and photographic equipment, water quality monitoring equipment, and precision molding equipment. Its corporate headquarters were in Syosset, New York , which were later moved to Mountain View, California when Lester Hogan assumed control of Fairchild Semiconductor . In 1979, Fairchild Camera and Instrument (including Fairchild Semiconductor) became

1886-607: Was a dominant force in the aviation industry during this period, becoming one of the nation's largest manufacturers of commercial aircraft. Between 1927 and 1930, the company delivered over 300 of the FC-2, the production version of the FC-1 aerial mapping aircraft The aircraft could hold up to five passengers and could also be equipped with float or ski landing gear. The FC-2 was later chosen to accompany Charles A. Lindbergh on his 23,000-mile (37,000 km) tour of America. It also carried

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1932-650: Was able to remain profitable after the war by manufacturing the C-119 Flying Boxcar , an upgraded version of the Packet which incorporated more powerful engines and greater capacity. From December 1949 until 1955 over 1,100 C-119s were constructed. This was the last Fairchild design to be mass-produced. The C-119 was eventually converted into the AC-119 , a night attack gunship used in the Vietnam War . In

1978-493: Was asked by the chief forester of the Laurentide Paper Company to perform aerial surveys of Canada . Back in the United States he made an aerial map of Manhattan Island which became a commercial success and was implemented by several New York businesses. Other cities began using aerial mapping, as they found it was faster and less expensive than the ground surveys of the time. Aerial photography proved to be

2024-412: Was awarded a military contract to build his large-capacity twin-boom plane, which featured a hinged rear door used to load bulky cargo to be designated the C-82 Packet . It was nicknamed the "Flying Boxcar" because the plane's cargo capacity of 2,870 cubic feet (81 m ) was the same as that of a standard railway boxcar. It was used after World War II to fly assembled vehicles into Berlin. Fairchild

2070-401: Was licensed by Sherman Fairchild who hired Rein Narma as the company's chief engineer. The company's products also included amplifiers , preamplifiers , a control track generator to synchronize tape recorders, and recording lathes . This article related to a manufacturing company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This United States media company article is

2116-535: Was used for building airframes. Fairchild was involved in the development and production of the process which he renamed Fairchild Duramold and then used on the AT-21 Gunner trainer. Before the outbreak of the war, Fairchild realized the large sales potential for trainers and developed the Model 62(M-62), which met the requirements for both military and civilian flying schools. In the summer of 1939, he entered

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