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114-585: Fairhill is a neighborhood on the east side of the North Philadelphia section of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania, United States. Fairhill is bordered by Front Street to the east, Germantown Avenue (10th Street) to the west, Allegheny Avenue to the north, and Cumberland Street to the south. The neighborhood serves as the center of the Hispanic community of Philadelphia, and is known for its "El Centro de Oro" commercial strip along North 5th Street. Fairhill

228-589: A K-8 school, serves Fairhill. Residents zoned to Fairhill School are also zoned to Thomas Alva Edison High School / John C. Fareira Skills Center . Fairhill Community High School (FCHS), an alternative charter high school for dropouts and students at risk for dropping out, is located in Fairhill. The Free Library of Philadelphia Lillian Marrero Library serves Fairhill. It was previously the Lehigh Avenue Branch, and Lillian E. Marrero had served as

342-609: A Victorian terrace with a house built after 1980, and found that: The research demonstrated that, contrary to earlier thinking, older housing actually costs less to maintain and occupy over the long-term life of the dwelling than more modern housing. Largely due to the quality and life-span of the materials used, the Victorian terraced house proved almost £1,000 per 100 m cheaper to maintain and inhabit on average each year. Halifax's use of rowhouses, townhouses and terraced housing has been consistent throughout its history, particularly on

456-419: A black woman named Odessa Bradford got into an argument with two police officers, one black, Robert Wells, and the other white, John Hoff, after her car stalled at 23rd Street and Columbia Avenue. After Bradford refused to comply with the two officers' orders to move the car, because the car had stalled, and she was unable to drive it, an argument ensued. The officers then tried to physically remove Bradford from

570-512: A brief moment in history, peaking in the late 1920s. Upper-class foremen and executives lived farther north along Broad Street , in what is now the West Diamond Street Townhouse Historic District. Thriving commercial districts sprung up along the great northern avenues: Columbia (renamed Cecil B. Moore Avenue), Susquehanna, Dauphin, Erie, Lehigh and Olney, to name a few. However, just as this wealth

684-405: A frontal yard, rear yard, or both. A typical Malaysian and Singaporean terraced house is usually one or two floors high, but a handful of three or four storey terraced homes exist, especially newer terraced houses. Earlier variations followed traditional Western, Malay, India and Chinese architecture, as well as Art Deco and International stylings between the 1930s and 1950s. The manner in which

798-630: A number of the nouveau riche : ambitious first or second generation immigrants or those that had made their fortunes starting manufacturing firms. Many were German Jews who had settled in the area, later founding companies and building synagogues. For a time, an age of opulence and grand architecture returned to North Philadelphia, centered on what is now zoned as the Historic North Broad Street Mansion and Speculative Housing Districts. Gentlemen's clubs, upscale restaurants and shopping districts grew in this southern tier for

912-463: A rooftop deck. While zoning codes do exist which can possibly prevent third stories from being added to homes, Philly Mag claims "The city’s 2012 zoning code overhaul, which increased the height limit for rowhouses from 35 to 38 feet, has made this option increasingly prevalent." San Francisco is also famous for its terraced houses, especially in the older neighborhoods of North Beach , the Castro ,

1026-468: A small yet growing population of Hispanics living west of Germantown Avenue, and already significant population of Blacks living east of that street. The area between Broad Street and 5th Street is increasingly becoming a "transition zone" between the larger predominantly black area west of Broad, and the smaller predominantly Hispanic area east of 5th. This section of Philadelphia has nearly equal populations of Hispanics and Blacks, although Germantown Avenue

1140-402: A stylish ensemble rather than a mere "row" of similar homes. Townhouses (or townhomes) are generally two- to three-story structures that share a wall with a neighbouring unit. As opposed to apartment buildings, townhouses do not have neighbouring units above or below them. They are similar in concept to row houses or terraced houses, but share a common design and construction. The first and last of

1254-482: A time, Lower North Philadelphia became a great center of black culture and music, most notably jazz . Many commercial corridors were maintained for decades, and a great many musicians came to North Philadelphia, like John Coltrane and Stan Getz . By 1964, North Philadelphia was the city's center of African American culture, home to 400,000 of the city's 600,000 black residents. As the century marched past middle age, many other problems symptomatic of all US cities of

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1368-750: Is a type of medium-density housing which first started in 16th century Europe with a row of joined houses sharing side walls . In the United States and Canada these are sometimes known as row houses or row homes. Terrace housing can be found worldwide, though it is quite common in Europe and Latin America, and many examples can be found in the United Kingdom, Belgium, United States, Canada, and Australia. The Place des Vosges in Paris (1605–1612)

1482-581: Is adjacent to Harrowgate and West Kensington to the east, Hartranft to the south, Glenwood to the west, and Hunting Park to the north. The area that is now the Fairhill neighborhood was at one time home to the Isaac Norris family's Fair Hill estate. Norris was an early merchant and later mayor of Philadelphia. It is also home to the Fair Hill Burial Ground , a cemetery that Quakers established in 1703. George Fox obtained

1596-399: Is between through terraces , whose houses have both a front and a back door, and back-to-backs , which are bricked in on three sides. The 1875 Public Health Act imposed a duty on local authorities to regulate housing by the use of byelaws , and subsequently all byelaw terraced housing was required to have its own privy , with rear access to allow the night soil to be collected as per

1710-399: Is considered to be the center of the city's Hispanic community. Fairhill, among other areas of eastern North Philadelphia, is known for having some of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans in the United States outside Puerto Rico (which is a US territory). Furthermore, the area west of 5th street is over two-thirds Hispanic, with the remaining nearly one-third being black, while areas of

1824-545: Is divided into several "clusters," which administer individual schools. By region, these clusters are: Lower North Philadelphia Upper North Philadelphia Olney/Oak Lane YouthBuild Philadelphia Charter School, which is chartered by the School District of Philadelphia , is also located in North Philadelphia, just south of William Penn High School. The Mastery Charter Schools system operates

1938-450: Is generally agreed to include the 25th police district. Usually, it is widely understood to be an area between Kensington Avenue to the east and Broad Street to the west, and between Hunting Park Avenue to the north and York Street to the south, mostly coinciding with the neighborhoods of Fairhill, Glenwood , Hunting Park , Harrowgate , Stanton , North Central , West Kensington , Hartranft , and Kensington . The term "The Badlands"

2052-488: Is headquartered in the neighborhood. Several parts of North Philadelphia, especially those that border the Center City district, have recently been experiencing varying levels of gentrification . Once economically divested neighborhoods like Brewerytown , Francisville , Northern Liberties , Poplar and West Kensington have seen large scale development break ground. Other regions have seen virtually no change, save

2166-414: Is highly racially and socially segregated block by block. A noticeable pattern in the area is that, in the southern part of North Philadelphia (south of about Erie Avenue), Germantown Avenue (which later becomes North 6th Street) is the dividing point between the areas that are predominantly Black (to the west), and the areas that are predominantly Hispanic (to the east). However, this is slowly changing, with

2280-600: Is made of brick or stucco. The row houses of New York City are built with a variety of material, including brownstone , limestone , and brick , and some are wood-frame homes. Row houses are especially prominent in neighborhoods like Middle Village , Woodhaven and Jackson Heights in Queens ; Bay Ridge , Bensonhurst , Brooklyn Heights , Bushwick , Canarsie , Marine Park , Park Slope , and Sunset Park in Brooklyn ; and Williamsbridge , Wakefield , and Soundview in

2394-553: Is made up of African Americans and Puerto Ricans . The eastern half of North Philadelphia has one of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans in the country, this section of North Philadelphia is over 75% Puerto Rican, and over half of Philadelphia's Puerto Rican population resides in this section of the city. North Philadelphia also has a high concentration of Black Muslims . The area also has significant Irish and other White Americans , Dominican , Haitian , Cuban , Korean and Polish populations, among others. About half of

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2508-472: Is one of the early examples of the type. Although in early larger forms it was and still is used for housing the wealthy, as cities and the demands for ever smaller close housing grew, it regularly became associated with the working class . Terraced housing has increasingly become associated with gentrification in certain inner-city areas, drawing the attention of city planning . Though earlier Gothic examples, such as Vicars' Close, Wells , are known,

2622-519: Is over 10 times larger than the overall percentage of Hispanics living in Philadelphia. The neighborhood is mainly made up of Puerto Ricans , But also has significant populations of Dominicans , Cubans , Colombians , and Brazilians , as well as other Hispanics. Its poverty rate is 61%, which is about five times the national average, as of Census 2010. The neighborhood is sometimes nicknamed "El Centro de Oro" (Spanish for "the center of gold"), and

2736-458: Is still seen as a divider street, with areas between Germantown Avenue and Broad Street "more black" and areas between Germantown Avenue and 5th street "more Hispanic". East of Front street, blocks start to get more diverse, with significant populations of Hispanics, blacks and whites. Also, as the Hispanic community continues to grow eastward, the ethnic white enclaves of eastern North Philadelphia continue to shrink. See [1] North Philadelphia

2850-481: Is the modernisation of exterior construction and façade. Certain older terrace houses tend to be converted for various new roles; some are converted into shophouses or business premises (including clubs, hotels and boarding homes–especially pre-independence houses–and kindergartens). Others have remained in use as residential units, are abandoned, neglected, or razed. Significant expansions are also common on all terrace homes; roofs and additional rooms may be added within

2964-445: Is the poorest zip code in Philadelphia, having a poverty rate of 61% and a median household income of $ 14,185. Steve Lopez's novel Third and Indiana made the intersection well known. The intersection of 3rd Street and Indiana Avenue was listed as number two in a 2007 list of the city's top ten recreational drug corners according to an article by Philadelphia Weekly reporter Steve Volk. Other intersections in Fairhill included in

3078-402: Is usually described as an area north of Center City, between Front Street and Fairmount Park. Sub-sections include: Today, many remnants of these more prosperous eras remain. However, many historic buildings have collapsed, either from neglect or demolition, and thousands more still lie abandoned. A handful have become protected historic properties, and 67 properties and districts were added to

3192-489: The BSL subway line garnered a reputation for violent crime and rape. The great art deco office buildings and government institutions were mostly abandoned, as were the mansions of the many ruined industrialists. As in many poorer African American city ghettos, drug addiction became a major blight in North Philadelphia, further destabilizing families and social networks. North Philadelphia, like many other sections of Philadelphia,

3306-702: The Back Bay , Beacon Hill , and the South End . Back Bay is famous for its rows of Victorian brick townhouse homes – considered one of the best-preserved examples of 19th-century urban design in the United States. Beacon Hill is a neighborhood in Boston consisting of Federal-style rowhouses . The South End is built mostly of mid-nineteenth century bowfronts – aesthetically uniform rows of five-story, predominantly red-brick structures, of mixed residential and commercial uses. In Chicago , row houses can be found in

3420-511: The Central Business Districts of the major cities. They are therefore sometimes quite expensive even though they may not be the preferred accommodation style. The lack of windows on the side, the small gardens, and the relative darkness of the rooms is at odds with the design favoured for modern Australian homes. In Belgium , the row houses are the predominant type of housing around the country and closely associated with

3534-473: The Fairhill and Kensington neighborhoods and worked to develop Latino and Puerto Rican-oriented housing, cooperatives , and social service organizations. As of the census of 2010, the racial makeup of Fairhill is 80.2% Hispanic of any race, 15.1% non Hispanic Black, 2.3% non Hispanic White, 1.4% Asian, and 1% all other. It has the highest concentration of Hispanics of any neighborhood in Philadelphia, which

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3648-813: The Haight-Ashbury , Russian Hill , the Mission District , Duboce Triangle and the Western Addition . The " Painted Ladies " on Steiner Street, in the Western Addition's Alamo Square district, although not strictly "terraced", are a symbol of the city. Other ornate, intricately-detailed Victorian-style homes labelled as "painted ladies" around the city are terraced, and others again are semi-detached. Several neighborhoods in Washington, D.C. feature rowhouses, often composing

3762-777: The Huguenot entrepreneur Nicholas Barbon in the rebuilding after the Great Fire of London . Fashionable terraces appeared in London's Grosvenor Square from 1727 onwards and in Bath 's Queen Square from 1729 onwards. The Scottish architect Robert Adam is credited with the development of the house itself. Early terraces were also built by the two John Woods in Bath and under the direction of John Nash in Regent's Park , London. The term

3876-586: The Italianate and Queen Anne architectural styles. As rowhouses are very common, the Philadelphia City Planning Commission (PCPC) publishes a specific guide for rowhouse home owners in an effort to detail some of the ways to maintain their properties. With space within the city's borders at a premium, there has been a push to add a third floor to an existing rowhouse's in recent times, often this third level would include

3990-475: The National Register of Historic Places . Several blocks, with numerous old mansions, have been re-zoned as the aforementioned historic districts. A great many extravagant churches were built over the years, as well. Some still stand, but all too often money is scarce to preserve their deteriorating architecture. The trolley lines that once criss-crossed the northern streets and linked the region with

4104-478: The Philadelphia Free Library located in North Philadelphia. Uptown Theater is an iconic part of the music scene of North Philadelphia. It was a springboard for many notable artist of our time. 40°00′24″N 75°08′34″W  /  40.006762°N 75.142863°W  / 40.006762; -75.142863 Row house A terrace , terraced house ( UK ), or townhouse ( US )

4218-692: The Rochdale system . As recently as 2011, byelaw terraced houses made up over 15% of the United Kingdom's housing stock. Since the Second World War, housing redevelopment has led to many outdated or dilapidated terraces being cleared to make room for tower blocks , which occupy a much smaller area of land. Because of this land use in the inner city areas could in theory have been used to create greater accessibility, employment or recreational or leisure centres. However, sub-optimal or flawed implementation has meant that in many areas (like Manchester or

4332-647: The Tapiola garden city, Espoo , from the 1950s. Terraced housing has long been a popular form in Paris, France. The Place des Vosges (1605–1612) was one of the earliest examples of the arrangement. In Parisian squares, central blocks were given discreet prominence, to relieve the façade. Terraced building including housing was also used primarily during Haussmann's renovation of Paris between 1852 and 1870 creating whole streetscapes consisting of terraced rows. The first streets of houses with uniform fronts were built by

4446-546: The rivitalo (literally: row house) has not been seen as a particularly urban house type. What is regarded as the first terraced house to be built, Ribbingshof (1916), in the new Helsinki suburb of Kulosaari was designed by renowned architect Armas Lindgren , and was inspired by ideas from the English Garden City movement and Hampstead Garden Suburb , and was seen as a relatively low density residential area. A similarly leafy suburban street of terraced houses

4560-414: The " North Philly Badlands " is notorious nationwide for it. Many North Philadelphia neighborhoods are blighted, and abound in abandoned homes and vacant lots. Pep Boys is headquartered in North Philadelphia. Certain sections of North Philadelphia were highly commercial. TOPPS Cards were once produced in North Philadelphia until moving to New York. Temple University is the seventh largest employer in

4674-546: The " filigree " style, a style distinguished through heavy use of cast iron ornament, particularly on the balconies and sometimes depicting native Australian flora. In the 1950s, many urban renewal programmes were aimed at eradicating them entirely in favour of modern development. In recent decades these inner-city areas and their terraced houses have been gentrified . The suburbs in which terrace houses are often found are often sought after in Australia due to their proximity to

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4788-570: The 1791 L'Enfant Plan . Outside of Washington DC many townhomes have been built in the last 50 years to encourage density especially around Metro stations and other areas of interest. In other cities throughout the United States, such as Albany, New York ; Cincinnati ; Cleveland ; Covington, Kentucky ; Detroit ; Hoboken, New Jersey ; Jersey City ; Lancaster, Pennsylvania ; Norfolk ; Pittsburgh ; Reading, Pennsylvania ; Richmond ; Troy ; and Wilmington, Delaware , row houses and terraced housing are also common, with row housing more focused on

4902-1036: The 19th century. Society Hill is known to have the largest concentration of original 18th- and early 19th-century residential architecture of any place in the United States. The style and type of material used in constructing Philadelphia's rowhouses vary throughout the city. Even in neighborhoods where twin houses are found, their façades and internal layouts usually resemble those of rowhouses. Most are primarily red brick in construction, often with white stone trim. Some are faced with stone, being brownstone on some blocks in Center City , South Philadelphia , and North Philadelphia and being Wissahickon schist in Mayfair in Northeast Philadelphia and Mt. Airy in Northwest Philadelphia . West Philadelphia has many colorful rowhouses in

5016-520: The American manufacturing sector led to the closing of many of the factories that many northern neighborhoods were centered on and depended on. Increased urban blight and the general decline of Philadelphia in the late 20th century even saw the decline of many of the strong black communities in North Philadelphia. The legendary Connie Mack Stadium was closed in favor of the new Pattison Sports Complex . North Philadelphia Station lost Amtrak Service, and

5130-535: The BSL these major railways made the region a thriving hub of transportation. For a time, North Philadelphia station became the second most heavily trafficked rail station in the city, and the Olney Ave station the most used subway stop. Along with many of Philadelphia's major manufacturing concerns came the nearby estates of the wealthy industrialists who had founded them. Lower North Philadelphia in particular housed

5244-550: The Belgian culture and history. The Grand Place , the central historic place of the capital Brussels , is surrounded by private houses dating from the 17th century, reflecting the city as a mercantile power at that time in northern Europe. Later, in the 19th century, Belgium played an important role in the early history of industrial revolution like the United Kingdom , where an important amount of working class housing

5358-470: The Bronx . In historic Philadelphia , the rowhouse (almost always spelled as one word) has been the most common domestic building type in the city and some of its suburbs since colonial times. Some of the oldest rowhouses in the city are narrow three-story "Trinity" houses that accommodated a large population of indentured servants and immigrant workers, in addition to enclaves of free African-Americans in

5472-501: The City of Philadelphia, Temple University Hospital, Inc is number 11 (PA Dept of Labor and Industry, 1st Quarter 2019). Notably, Broad Street roughly bisects North Philadelphia north-south. Broad Street is a six-lane arterial street that is designated as Pennsylvania Route 611 . The Broad Street Line or 'Orange Line,' runs along Broad Street, directly connecting North Philadelphia with Center City and South Philadelphia, as well as with

5586-713: The Clymer School in North Philadelphia. The system opened the Mastery Charter Lenfest Campus (7–12) in September 2001 in an office building in North Philadelphia. The school moved to Old City in Center City in 2002. North Philadelphia has the largest concentration of Charter Schools in Philadelphia North Philadelphia hosts a number of institutions of higher learning. There are thirteen branch libraries of

5700-560: The Irish capital. They were built in the Victorian era for the city's lower middle class and emulated upper class townhouses. By the early Victorian period , a terrace had come to designate any style of housing where individual houses repeating one design are joined into rows. The style was used for workers' housing in industrial districts during the rapid urbanisation following the Industrial Revolution , particularly in

5814-563: The London estates) the tower blocks offered no real improvement for rehoused residents over their prior terraced houses. In 2005 the English Heritage report Low Demand Housing and the Historic Environment found that repairing a standard Victorian terraced house over 30 years is around 60% cheaper than building and maintaining a newly built house. In a 2003 survey for Heritage Counts a team of experts contrasted

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5928-456: The Peninsula where the city first began settlement. In the older sections of the city are sections of terraced housing used historically for military families, as part of established families' real estate holdings in addition to a country house, and as dwellings for the working classes of the city and as public housing. The most well-known of the terraced housing areas is The Hydrostone , which

6042-629: The Quantock Rows on Taylor Street and Jones Street , McDonough Row and Marshall Row. New Orleans has a distinctive style of terrace house in the French Quarter known as the Creole townhouse that is part of what makes the city famous. The façade of the building sits on the property line, with an asymmetrical arrangement of arched openings. Creole Townhouses have a steeply pitched roof, side-gabled, with several roof dormers. The exterior

6156-532: The UK, France and Italy. Large numbers of terraced houses were built in the inner suburbs of large Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne , mainly between the 1850s and the 1890s (terraced housing is rare outside of these cities). Detached housing became the popular style of housing in Australia following Federation in 1901. The most common building material used was brick , often covered with cement render and then painted. Many terraces were built in

6270-438: The United States is generally referred to as townhouses . In some cities such as New York , Philadelphia , Baltimore , San Francisco , and Washington, D.C. , where they have been part of the landscape for over a century, they are often called row houses or row homes. Despite the narrow lots, many row houses are relatively large, some being over 2,000 square feet. They typically have two stories, but may have three or more (with

6384-534: The alignment of the house fronts with the property line really began in the 16th century following Dutch and Belgian models and became called "row" houses in English. For example, in "Yarmouth Rows" , Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , the building fronts all were right on the property line. The term terrace was borrowed from garden terraces by British architects of the late Georgian period to describe streets of houses whose uniform fronts and uniform height created

6498-400: The building's structure directly erected in front of the road. One of the reasons behind this was the taxing according to street frontage rather than total area, thereby creating an economic motivation to build narrow and deeply. A five foot way porch was usually laid out at the ground floor for use by both the residents and pedestrians. Alternatively, the porch may be sealed from the rest of

6612-409: The buildings were designed varies by their location in an urban area. Derivatives located within city centres may also utilize their space for both commercial on the ground floor and residential use on the first floor and above (accurately known as shophouses , also similar to Lingnan buildings ). Inner city terrace house design tended to lack any frontal yard at all, with narrow street frontages, hence

6726-497: The burgeoning worker population. This expansion was also the impetus for breaking ground on the Broad Street Line subway, designed specifically to carry a passenger from the northern hub of Olney to Philadelphia City Hall in under 20 minutes. Major freight and passenger rail lines were built to intersect at the newly constructed North Broad Street Station and transmit cargo from the bustling factories. The completion of

6840-491: The car. She resisted and a large crowd assembled in the area. A man tried to come to Bradford's aid by attacking the police officers at the scene, but he and Bradford were arrested. Rumors then spread throughout North Philadelphia that a pregnant black woman had been beaten to death by white police officers. Later that evening, and throughout the next two days, angry mobs looted and burned mostly white-owned businesses in North Philadelphia, mainly along Columbia Avenue. Outnumbered,

6954-643: The center of the city, and later changing over to dense detached housing in outer neighborhoods. Scattered row homes and apartment rows can often be found in other eastern and Midwestern U.S. cities, specifically Minneapolis and St. Paul . The F. Scott Fitzgerald House in St. Paul is likely the most notable example of a row home in the Twin Cities . Columbus, Ohio has scattered row homes, along with smaller Midwest cities like Dubuque , Duluth , and Toledo . There are also scattered row homes and apartment rows in

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7068-529: The cities often entirely around individually owned parcels where single family row houses were built and occupied by both the middle class and the bourgeois class. Some houses are internationally renowned for their architecture like the Art Nouveau style Hotel Tassel or the Hôtel van Eetvelde both designed by Victor Horta . In Finland, an agrarian country where urbanism was a generally late phenomenon,

7182-486: The city proper, North Philadelphia was little more than a collection of primarily agricultural townships above the original City of Philadelphia. In the 18th century, as Philadelphia grew in importance and, consequently, population, then pastoral North Philadelphia became an attractive alternative to the burgeoning city. The mansions of wealthy Philadelphians began to dot the landscape, and by the late 18th and early 19th century, several small town centers had developed to anchor

7296-578: The city's Northwest quadrant, in the densely populated area east of Rock Creek Park , except for Capitol Hill and its sub-neighborhoods, which occupy the areas of the Northeast and Southeast quadrants directly east of the United States Capitol Building . Because many D.C. rowhouses are historic structures, dating back as far as the early 1800s, they are especially common within the city's original boundaries , as laid out in

7410-853: The city, featured in David Fennario's Balconville and Mordecai Richler's The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz . Terraced homes are abundant in Old Toronto . Many of them are constructed in the local bay-and-gable style, popular in the 1870s. Examples of Victorian bay-and-gable style can be found in Cabbagetown, Toronto , Parkdale , The Annex , Kensington Market , areas east of Chinatown, Toronto and Spadina Avenue including Baldwin Village. The last surviving row of Georgian -style terraced houses in Toronto, known as Walnut Hall ,

7524-409: The city. A sizable quantity of Baltimore's row houses are clad with formstone , a distinct feature of Baltimore's row houses, typically found in working class areas of the city. Marble front steps also make Baltimore's row houses distinct from other cities' row houses. Much like Philadelphia, some areas of the city that contain row houses are neglected. The row houses of Boston are found primarily in

7638-550: The city. As is common in other North American cities, in Montreal row houses are often referred to as townhouses. The streetscape of the city's 19th century neighbourhoods, such as the Plateau , Centre-Sud , and Hochelaga , are dominated by row houses, duplexes and triplexes . Row houses continued to be built throughout the 20th century. In many neighbourhoods, such as Villeray , Parc Extension , and Ville-Émard , they became

7752-559: The countries' early British colonial rule . Based on British terraced home designs, the Southeast Asian variations are similar to their British counterparts (in which the living quarters are located on the front and top floor and the kitchen at the back) and were adapted to accommodate the area's tropical weather, which is primarily warm throughout the year and receives heavy rainfall. Earlier versions were more open, designed to better circulate air and features inner courtyards, with

7866-582: The dominant form of housing during the post-war period. In the 21st century, Montreal has continued to build row houses at a high rate, with 62% of housing starts in the metropolitan area being apartment or row units. Apartment complexes, high-rises , and semi-detached homes are less popular in Montreal when compared to large Canadian cities like Toronto or Vancouver but similar to some US cities, in particular Philadelphia . Montreal's characteristic row houses and their iconic alleyways, balconies , and outdoor staircases have become cultural symbols of

7980-580: The downtown and surrounding areas developed in the late 1800s through 1930s. Many are two and three-flat buildings (consisting of one or sometimes two apartments on a three-floored building). A greystone in Chicago is similar to the brownstone found in New York and Boston , except the façade is clad in Indiana limestone. Most row houses are separated by a gangway that leads under the common wall between

8094-797: The drug trade, larger, more organized gangs also operate in the area, including the Black Mafia , Latin Kings , and various motorcycle gangs . Aside from less-organized gang activity, the Badlands is also known as the founding location and current turf of the Irish-American organized crime group known as the K&;A Gang (also known as the Northeast Philly Irish Mob). Circa 2012, Irish Americans constitute more than 12% of

8208-424: The end of North as a suburb of Philadelphia. North Philadelphia's decentralized towns were gradually meshed into a sprawling network of the ubiquitous Philadelphia rowhouses . Many of the newly created neighborhoods retained the name of their ancestral towns and townships, for example, Northern Liberties was formerly Northern Liberties Township. Philadelphia was one of the most important centers of manufacturing in

8322-516: The first speculative housing developments in the United States. Carstairs Row was built on the southern part of the site occupied by "Morris's Folly" – Robert Morris 's unfinished mansion designed by L'Enfant . Prior to this time houses had been built not in rows, but individually. It can be contrasted with Elfreth's Alley , the oldest continuously occupied road in the U.S., where all the houses are of varying heights and widths, with different street lines, doorways and brickwork. Terraced housing in

8436-473: The growing population. However, this suburban landscape was to be interrupted around the middle of the 19th century, as rapid urban expansion led to The Consolidation Act of 1854 . This state law annexed all of the townships within Philadelphia County to the City of Philadelphia. With new territory now under the aegis of Philadelphia's city planners, a rising influx of European immigrants led to

8550-418: The houses built for workers of the expanding textile industry . The terrace style spread widely across the country, and was the usual form of high-density residential housing up to World War II. The 19th century need for expressive individuality inspired variation of façade details and floor-plans reversed with those of each neighbouring pair, to offer variety within the standardised format. A major distinction

8664-446: The houses is called an end terrace and is often a different layout from the houses in the middle, sometimes called mid-terrace. In Australia, the term "terrace house" refers almost exclusively to Victorian and Edwardian era terraces or replicas almost always found in the older, inner city areas of the major cities. Terraced housing was introduced to Australia from Britain in the nineteenth century, basing their architecture on those in

8778-536: The houses leading to the rear of the property (where sometimes a rear house or coach house exists) and alleyway. The vast majority of two and three flats do not share a common wall and are stand alone structures. However, many row houses similar to those found in Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington, D.C. do exist, largely on the near south and west sides, though not as common. Gordon Row , in Savannah ,

8892-627: The land for the cemetery from William Penn . The cemetery is on the National Register for Historic Places . Fairhill began to develop its urban character in the 1880s. Many of the new residents at this time were German immigrants, particularly German Catholics. With the approval of the Archdiocese and the help of Fr. Henry Stommel of Doylestown, the German Catholic families in the area established Saint Bonaventure Parish (also known as Saint Bonaventura) in 1890. The original parish building

9006-450: The late 1940s as these residents became more affluent and Northeast Philadelphia began to develop new housing with lawns and conveniences such as modern plumbing. In most cases African Americans moved into the vacant houses and as this began to increase, true white flight began. Increasingly, people moved out of North Philadelphia not solely to move into newer homes, but to avoid facing decreasing property values and increased criminality. For

9120-679: The latter often being converted into apartments for separate tenants). The term "townhouse" in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic usually refers to modern terraced houses constructed in the late 20th century and beyond, especially those in suburban settings, which often have home owners associations and include garages. Multi-story attached homes that are grouped in twos or threes are typically called duplexes and triplexes respectively. Most of Baltimore's housing consists of row houses. A few of Baltimore's row houses date back to colonial times. The style and materials used in their constructions vary throughout

9234-762: The library's supervisor. North Philadelphia The city government views this sprawling chunk of Philadelphia more precisely as three smaller districts, drawn up by the Redevelopment Authority in 1964. These regions are (from north to south) Olney-Oak Lane , Upper North Philadelphia and Lower North Philadelphia . Other sections of North Philadelphia include Brewerytown , Fairhill , Fairmount , Francisville , Franklinville , Glenwood , Hartranft , Koreatown , Northern Liberties , Poplar (roughly bound by Girard Avenue, Broad Street, Spring Garden Street and 5th Street), Sharswood , Strawberry Mansion , and Yorktown . Prior to its incorporation into

9348-480: The list of the top drug corners included Fifth Street and Westmoreland Street in third place, and A Street and Westmoreland Street in seventh place. The Philadelphia Badlands is a section of North Philadelphia and Lower Northeast Philadelphia , in Pennsylvania that is known for an abundance of open-air recreational drug markets and drug-related violence. It has amorphous and somewhat disputed boundaries, but

9462-413: The majority or a large plurality of the local housing stock. As in other American cities, rowhouses in D.C. span a wide range of architectural styles and building materials. Neighborhoods known for high concentrations of rowhouses include Capitol Hill , Dupont Circle , Logan Circle , Shaw , LeDroit Park , Columbia Heights , Petworth , and Bloomingdale . Many neighborhoods with rowhouses are located in

9576-442: The mid to late 20th century, if not in a more pronounced fashion. While residential corridors like Hope Street and Delhi Street had long housed primarily African-American residents, white residents moved out of the city as waves of poorer black residents moved in. During the 40s and 50s, much of the area was racially integrated , although smaller streets were usually completely black or white. Whites began to move out slowly at first in

9690-534: The neighborhood east of 5th street are nearly 100 percent Hispanic. In 2002 23.5% of the houses in Fairhill were occupied by the owners. 85% of the housing in Fairhill consists of row houses . 2.6% of the buildings in the area are zoned for commercial use; Steve Volk of Philadelphia Weekly stated that efforts to replace drug dealing with legitimate commercial activity have been stymied in recent years. As of Census 2010, Zip Code 19133 which encompasses most of Fairhill and portions of neighboring Glenwood and Hartranft,

9804-470: The oldest neighborhoods of Denver, Colorado . Montevideo and Buenos Aires during the last decades of the 19th century developed a type of terraced house called the Standard House or informally ' Chorizo' House. Introduced around the beginning of the twentieth century, terraced houses (also known as shophouses or linear linkhouses) have been adopted in both Malaysia and Singapore since

9918-426: The parish until his death in 1937. In the 1950s, the demographics of the Fairhill area began to change. The German-American families began leaving the neighborhood with African-Americans and Latinos – mainly Puerto Ricans – taking their place. By 1975, the parish had initiated a Spanish mass and a Carino Center for Spanish-speaking children. The parish, including the school, closed in 1993; St. Bonaventure Parish church

10032-457: The police response was to withdraw from the area rather than aggressively confront the rioters. The race riots of 1964 became iconic for the rising ethnic tensions in the region, and the continued withdrawal of white residents. The riot, which virtually destroyed the central shopping district of North Philadelphia, signaled the beginning of the end for the North's commercial sector. The withering of

10146-479: The population lives below the poverty line. Most of Philadelphia's crime pertains to the drug trade. In a 2007 Philadelphia Weekly article journalist Steve Volk states that anti-drug activists said that North Philadelphia has a lot of open air recreational drug dealing because the act is a tradition and because many areas have consistent poverty. Though several blighted Philadelphia neighborhoods are known for open-air drug dealing, as well as open-air drug using,

10260-640: The population of the Badlands. The area's reputation has been countered by community activists and nonprofit organizations such as Centro Nueva Creación, which in 2010 conducted a summer children's program, "The Goodlands Photographers", aimed at helping young people photograph and display positive images of their neighborhood. The United States Post Office operates the Fairhill Post Office in Suite 2 at 217 West Lehigh Avenue. School District of Philadelphia operates public schools. Fairhill School,

10374-419: The rest of Philadelphia were shut down by SEPTA in 1992. Immense, abandoned factories sit idle; warehouses lie empty; and disused heavy rail lines scar the landscape. The names of the old industrialists, such as Gratz, Poth, Uber, Bouvier and Schmidt, still adorn many buildings and street signs in the area but are otherwise foreign to many modern-day residents. The Neighborhood Transformation Initiative or NTI,

10488-477: The rest of Philadelphia's public transit system: SEPTA . As of 2017 , Taiwanese airline China Airlines provides a private bus service to and from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City for customers based in the Philadelphia area. This service stops in North Philadelphia. Public and Charter schooling in North Philadelphia is handled by the School District of Philadelphia . The region

10602-530: The rising housing values that have accompanied increased attention in urban markets. Many residents of communities in North Philadelphia have voiced resistance towards these gentrifying forces, viewing the sudden investment as an invasion that threatens the traditional character of the neighborhoods. According to the 2010 census , 340,350 people live among the ZIP codes of 19132, 19133, 19121, 19122, 19130 and 19123. ( Map ) Most of North Philadelphia's population

10716-463: The suburbs or developing countries and has suffered as a result. The Philadelphia Badlands contain a diverse mix of ethnicities. Puerto Ricans are the largest group, but the area also contains large populations of Black Americans , Irish Americans , and Dominican Americans . The area encompasses El Centro de Oro , the heart of Philadelphia's Puerto Rican community. Although much of the area's crime stems from local neighborhood-based street gangs and

10830-429: The time came about. Many of the neighborhoods in North Philadelphia sprung up around one monolithic factory, which was the center of the community's income. Each factory that closed down devastated its host neighborhood. In this way, the wave of national industrial collapse caused the rapid break up of numerous "factory neighborhoods" in the predominantly working class North Philadelphia. On the evening of August 28, 1964,

10944-465: The twentieth century, and a construction boom of the house design occurred in Malaysia since the 1940s, with numerous housing estates consisting of terrace homes sprouting in and around cities and towns. In the process, the design of the building began to diversify, with various refinements and style changes. Generally, the building's floor space and yards become larger and more elaborate through time, as

11058-407: The walkway to serve as personal space. Such designs became less common after the 1960s. Terrace houses located on the outskirts of city centres were less restrictive, although the design of the building itself was not unlike those in the city. Certain homes tend to feature longer front yards, enough to accommodate cars. Others strictly serve as a small garden. This design remained in demand throughout

11172-546: The world between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries, and North Philadelphia is one of the sections of the city whose landscape was most deeply shaped by the industrial era. Its landscape still strongly reflects this heritage. As the industrial age peaked in America, North Philadelphia became a working man's town. Upper North Philadelphia , Olney , Brewerytown , became major hubs of production. Large factories and industrial complexes were erected, covering vast swaths of city land. Thousands of row homes were constructed to house

11286-419: The year in their country houses . These terraced houses, often surrounding a garden square , are hallmarks of Georgian architecture . The same was true of many British and Irish cities. In Dublin , Georgian squares such as Merrion Square and Fitzwilliam Square housed the city's upper classes. A type of terraced house known latterly as the "one-floor-over-basement" was a style of terraced house particular to

11400-463: Was a City program launched by Mayor John F. Street . The program called for the demolition of thousands of condemned buildings and the construction of large-scale, medium-density public housing, with restoration efforts to be employed on salvageable houses. Many blocks of old rowhouses have been bulldozed and replaced with suburban-style tract houses . This program has radically changed some sections of North Philadelphia. Some charge that little effort

11514-453: Was at Ninth and Auburn Streets. After establishing the parish, Fr. Stommel turned over its leadership to Fr. Hubert Hammeke, a German immigrant priest. In 1894, the parish began building a Gothic style church. Fr. Hammeke served as the project manager for the church's construction and construction on the new church finished in 1906. The finished church at Ninth and Cambria Streets included an impressive clock tower and spire. Fr. Hammeke would lead

11628-666: Was built in the 1850s. It (and its individual carriage houses to the rear) is a contributing property of the Savannah Historic District , itself on the National Register of Historic Places , and fills an entire city block. After falling into disrepair, the buildings were renovated in the mid-20th century by the Historic Savannah Foundation . Other similar-style row houses exist in Savannah's Scudder's Row , William Remshart Row House ,

11742-527: Was built to accommodate the coal miners in small brick row houses usually called " Coron ". These types of constructions are very common in the Walloon region, but also in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France . Within the same period (from 1850 to early 1900), major cities like Brussels or Antwerp faced important urban development with the construction of new neighborhoods as extensions of

11856-610: Was demolished in 2007 as a result of structural decay. According to the US Census Bureau, the highest concentration of terraced houses in the United States is in the Mid-Atlantic region, particularly the Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington metropolitan areas. The first terraced houses in the nation were Carstairs Row in Philadelphia , designed by builder and architect Thomas Carstairs c.  1799 through 1820, for developer William Sansom, as part of

11970-607: Was demolished in 2013–14. El Centro de Oro ("The Golden Downtown"), also known as "El Bloque de Oro," ("Golden Block"), is a commercial district located at 5th Street and Lehigh Avenue. It includes notable Puerto Rican businesses and organizations such as Taller Puertorriqueño (Puerto Rican Workshop), Asociación Puertorriqueños en Marcha (Association of Puerto Ricans on the March), and Artístas y Músicos Latino Americanos (Latin American Artists and Musicians). El Centro de Oro

12084-433: Was during this time that Gallo was able to make the name stick. At one time a center of heavy industry , much of the Badlands' urban landscape is now characterized by vacant warehouses and tightly-packed strips of brick row houses constructed for the working class of the neighborhood. Like most industrial cities in the eastern United States, Philadelphia suffered economic decline following the movement of industry to either

12198-578: Was established in the 1970s by community leaders from an older Latino community that was in the process of being displaced from the Spring Garden area as a result of gentrification . Organizations such as El Concilio de Organizaciones Hispanas de Filadelfia (Council of Spanish-speaking Organizations of Philadelphia) and the Spanish Merchants Association of Philadelphia encouraged Latino businesses and organizations to move to

12312-534: Was first used by Lt. John Gallo, who headed the East Division Narcotics Task Force. Its use spread, with many people attempting to take credit for the moniker. It was Gallo's work along with ASAC Billy Retton that worked about a dozen long-term investigations in the 25th and 26th Police Districts that preceded "Operation Sunrise". Ted Koppel , Geraldo Rivera , 20/20 and 48 Hours all rode with Gallo at one time or another, and it

12426-462: Was made to save a number of historic buildings, others that NTI was needed to change blighted neighborhoods. The lasting effects of the program remain to be seen. Some areas, like Olney, Allegheny and Erie, still have relatively active communities, but even they are often troubled by drugs, crime and/or social underfunding. Allegheny West has advanced, mostly from the support of some of the last industries in North Philadelphia, such as Pep Boys , which

12540-555: Was originally built as replacement housing stock for those made homeless after the Halifax Explosion ; individual owners have, however, altered the exteriors of many of the rowhouses over time to accommodate changing family needs. More recently, there have been rowhouse developments appearing in diverse areas throughout the city. Montreal has the largest stock of terraced houses in Canada and they are typical in all areas of

12654-521: Was picked up by speculative builders like Thomas Cubitt and soon became commonplace. It is far from being the case that terraced houses were only built for people of limited means. This is especially true in London, where some of the wealthiest people in the country owned them in locations such as Belgrave Square and Carlton House Terrace . These townhouses, in the British sense , were the London residences of noble and gentry families who spent most of

12768-411: Was popularized in part by the novel Third and Indiana by then Philadelphia Inquirer columnist Steve Lopez . The neighborhood also was featured in several episodes of ABC's Nightline . The intersection of 3rd Street and Indiana Avenue was listed number two in a 2007 list of the city's top ten drug corners according to an article by Philadelphia Weekly reporter Steve Volk. The term Badlands

12882-459: Was so suddenly gained, it would just as suddenly be lost. The new money culture proved to be an unstable foundation for a lasting community, and like so many constructs of the Gilded Age , this core of wealth was doomed to rot. Over the next few decades The Great Depression , outsourcing and white flight took their toll on North Philadelphia in a fashion similar to other major US cities of

12996-475: Was that of Hollantilaisentie (1920) in the suburb of Munkkiniemi , Helsinki, designed by architect Eliel Saarinen . They were initially envisioned as workers' housing, as part of a grand new urban scheme for the entirety of north-west Helsinki, but from the outset became a fashionable middle-class residential area. Later terraced housing in Finland is similarly associated with suburban middle-class living, such as

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