88-540: The Ferrari SF-24 (also known by its internal name, Project 676 ) is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Ferrari for the 2024 Formula One World Championship . It has currently been driven by Carlos Sainz Jr. and Charles Leclerc , with reserve driver Oliver Bearman replacing Sainz for the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix due to the former needing emergency surgery for appendicitis . The SF-24 holds five victories: Leclerc won
176-432: A C d value between 0.25 and 0.35), so that, despite the enormous power output of the engines, the top speed of these cars is less than that of World War II vintage Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union Silver Arrows racers. However, this drag is more than compensated for by the ability to corner at extremely high speed. The aerodynamics are adjusted for each track; with a low drag configuration for tracks where high speed
264-400: A ban on variable intake trumpets, have also been introduced with the new 2.4 L V8 formula to prevent the teams from achieving higher RPM and horsepower too quickly. The 2009 season limited engines to 18,000 rpm in order to improve engine reliability and cut costs. For a decade, F1 cars had run with 3.0 L naturally aspirated engines with all teams settling on a V10 layout by the end of
352-412: A downforce:weight ratio of 1:1) at 190 km/h (118 mph), while an F1 car achieves the same at 125 to 130 km/h (78 to 81 mph), and at 190 km/h (118 mph) the ratio is roughly 2:1. The bargeboards, in particular, are designed, shaped, configured, adjusted, and positioned not to create downforce directly, as with a conventional wing or underbody venturi, but to create vortices from
440-414: A driver is on wet-weather tyres), but during the race, it could only be activated when a driver is less than one second behind another car at pre-determined points on the track. (From 2013 DRS is available only at the pre-determined points during all sessions). The system is then deactivated once the driver brakes. The system "stalls" the rear wing by opening a flap, which leaves a 50 mm horizontal gap in
528-413: A full race weekend. For the 2005 championship, they were required to last two full race weekends, and if a team changed an engine between the two races, they incurred a penalty of 10 grid positions. In 2007, this rule was altered slightly and an engine only had to last for Saturday and Sunday running. This was to promote Friday running. In the 2008 season, engines were required to last two full race weekends;
616-409: A green band on the sidewall of the softer compound was painted to allow spectators to distinguish which tyre a driver is on. Beginning in 2019, Pirelli scrapped the tyre naming system such that the tyres will denote at each Grand Prix independently as hard, medium and soft with white, yellow and red sidewalls respectively rather than having a separate name and colour for each of the five tyres. The change
704-556: A last lap accident by George Russell , driving for Mercedes . For the Japanese Grand Prix , Sainz started 4th on the grid with team-mate Leclerc starting 8th. Ferrari were experimenting with a varied strategy with Sainz on a two-stop strategy with Leclerc on a one-stop strategy. Leclerc conserved his tyres brilliantly throughout his one stop strategy, on his way to finish in fourth. Sainz finished in third place, whilst slowly catching Sergio Pérez, who finished in second, in
792-447: A loss of his front wing endplate. Piastri and Verstappen did not suffer damage. After Piastri took the lead, Norris lost 2nd position to Charles Leclerc , who had started 4th. Daniel Ricciardo , battling Nico Hülkenberg , pushed the latter into the gravel in turn 8. Four laps later, Hülkenberg locked-up his tyres and collided with Ricciardo's teammate Yuki Tsunoda . causing sidepod and floor damage to his RB car. Tsunoda retired due to
880-479: A one-stop strategy, Ferrari's first victory at Monza since 2019. At the following race , Sainz and Pérez were battling for a podium until lap 50 of 51, when the pair collided. At the United States Grand Prix , Sainz finished 2nd in the sprint race with Leclerc finishing 4th. In the race, Leclerc was able to avoid a scrap between Max Verstappen and Lando Norris on Lap 1, and moved into first from
968-624: A round of the Formula One World Championship. On 29 August, the Safety Car crashed off the track at turn 11. Driver Bernd Mayländer and passenger Richard Darker were not injured in the incident. Going into the weekend, Max Verstappen led the Drivers' Championship with 295 points, 70 points ahead of Lando Norris in second, and 103 ahead of Charles Leclerc in third. Red Bull Racing , with 434 points, led
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#17327837634581056-495: A row of LED shift lights . The wheel alone can cost about $ 50,000, and with carbon fibre construction, weighs in at 1.3 kilograms. In the 2014 season, certain teams such as Mercedes have chosen to use larger LCDs on their wheels which allow the driver to see additional information such as fuel flow and torque delivery. They are also more customizable owing to the possibility of using much different software. The fuel used in F1 cars
1144-426: A small drag penalty. Until 2022, the underside of the vehicle, the undertray, had to be flat between the axles. The limited size of the wings (requiring use at high angles of attack to create sufficient downforce), and vortices created by open wheels lead to a high aerodynamic drag coefficient (about 1 according to Minardi 's technical director Gabriele Tredozi ; compared with the average modern car , which has
1232-644: A standing start, a distance of only 5.2 km (3.2 mi). As well as being fast in a straight line, F1 cars have greater cornering ability. Grand Prix cars can negotiate corners at significantly higher speeds than other racing cars because of their levels of grip and downforce. Cornering speed is so high that Formula One drivers have strength training routines just for the neck muscles. Former F1 driver Juan Pablo Montoya claimed to be able to perform 300 repetitions of 23 kg (50 lb) with his neck. The combination of light weight (642 kg in race trim for 2013), power (670–750 kW (900–1,000 bhp) with
1320-470: A start of 4th on the grid. He would bring home his 3rd victory of the 2024 with Sainz finishing 2nd. This was the 2nd Ferrari 1-2 of the season and Ferrari's first win at COTA since Kimi Raikkonen 's win in 2018. For the Mexican Grand Prix , Sainz secured pole ahead of Max Verstappen. During the race, Sainz briefly lost the lead to Verstappen at the start but was able to overtake and lead for
1408-490: A suitable structure; e.g. on the ceiling . The use of aerodynamics to increase the cars' grip was pioneered in Formula One in the 1968 season by Lotus , Ferrari and Brabham . At first, Lotus introduced modest front wings and a spoiler on Graham Hill's Lotus 49 B at the 1968 Monaco Grand Prix ; then, Brabham and Ferrari went one better at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix with full-width wings mounted on struts high above
1496-439: A superficial resemblance to a normal road tyre. Whereas a road car tyre has a useful life of up to 80,000 km (50,000 mi), a Formula One tyre does not even last the whole race distance (a little over 300 km (190 mi)); they are usually changed one or two times per race, depending on the track. This is the result of a drive to maximize the road-holding ability, leading to the use of very soft compounds (to ensure that
1584-487: A track, drivers can deploy DRS, which opens the rear wing, reduces the drag of the car, allowing it to move faster. As soon as the driver touches the brake, the rear wing shuts again. In free practice and qualifying, a driver may use it whenever he wishes to, but in the race, it can only be used if the driver is 1 second, or less, behind another driver at the DRS detection zone on the race track, at which point it can be activated in
1672-492: A year developing their car) had the option of keeping the current V10 for another season, but with a rev limiter to keep them competitive with the most powerful V8 engines. The only team to take this option was the Toro Rosso team, which was reformed and regrouped Minardi. In 2012, the engines consumed around 450 L (16 cu ft) of air per second (at the 2012 rev limit of 18,000 rpm); race fuel consumption rate
1760-442: Is 740 kg (1,631 lb) including the driver but not fuel. Cars are weighed with dry-weather tyres fitted. Prior to the 2014 F1 season, cars often weighed in under this limit so teams added ballast in order to add weight to the car. The advantage of using ballast is that it can be placed anywhere in the car to provide ideal weight distribution. This can help lower the car's centre of gravity to improve stability and also allows
1848-469: Is a critical issue, and is bolted onto the back of the engine. Fully-automatic gearboxes , and systems such as launch control and traction control , have been illegal since 2004 and 2008 , respectively, to keep driver skill and involvement important in controlling the car, and to ensure that no teams are using these systems illegally to gain a competitive advantage, as well as to keep costs down. The driver initiates gear shifts using paddles mounted on
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#17327837634581936-408: Is fairly similar to ordinary (premium) petrol , albeit with a far more tightly controlled mix. Formula One fuel would fall under high octane premium road fuel with octane thresholds of 95 to 102. Since the 1992 season onwards all Formula One cars must mandatorily utilize unleaded racing gasoline fuel. F1 blends are tuned for maximum performance in given weather conditions or different circuits. During
2024-508: Is more important like Autodromo Nazionale Monza , and a high traction configuration for tracks where cornering is more important, like the Circuit de Monaco . With the 2009 regulations, the FIA rid F1 cars of small winglets and other parts of the car (minus the front and rear wing) used to manipulate the airflow of the car in order to decrease drag and increase downforce. Currently, the front wing
2112-442: Is shaped specifically to push air towards all the winglets and bargeboards so that the airflow is smooth. Should these be removed, various parts of the car will cause great drag when the front wing is unable to shape the air past the body of the car. The regulations which came into effect in 2009 have reduced the width of the rear wing by 25 cm, and standardised the centre section of the front wing to prevent teams from developing
2200-449: Is typically operated by a lever inside the cockpit as opposed to a control on the steering wheel. An average F1 car can decelerate from 100 to 0 km/h (62 to 0 mph) in about 15 meters (48 ft), compared with a 2009 BMW M3, which needs 31 meters (102 ft). When braking from higher speeds, aerodynamic downforce enables tremendous deceleration: 4.5 g to 5.0 g (44 to 49 m/s ), and up to 5.5 g (54 m/s ) at
2288-488: The Constructors' Championship from McLaren and Ferrari , who are second and third with 404 and 370 points, respectively. The drivers and teams were the same as the season entry list with the exception of Franco Colapinto , who replaced Logan Sargeant at Williams from this Grand Prix onwards. Colapinto made his Formula One debut. Andrea Kimi Antonelli drove for Mercedes in place of George Russell during
2376-754: The Emilia Romagna Grand Prix , where the team also introduced an upgrade. Leclerc finished on the podium in both races and won the Monaco Grand Prix , Ferrari's first victory in Monaco since 2017 and his first race win since 2022. However, the team suffered a double retirement at the following race in Canada - Leclerc suffering engine issues and Sainz hitting Alex Albon . Leclerc won the Italian Grand Prix after completing
2464-702: The Formula 1 Pirelli Gran Premio d'Italia 2024 ) was a Formula One motor race held on 1 September 2024 at the Monza Circuit in Monza , Italy. It was the sixteenth round of the 2024 Formula One World Championship . The race featured the Grand Prix debut of Franco Colapinto , who will be driving for Williams until the end of the season. Lando Norris and Oscar Piastri locked out the front row for McLaren , their first at Monza since 2012 . The 53-lap race
2552-476: The McLaren MP4-20 . Most of those innovations were effectively outlawed under even more stringent aero regulations imposed by the FIA for 2009. The changes were designed to promote overtaking by making it easier for a car to closely follow another. The new rules took the cars into another new era, with lower and wider front wings, taller and narrower rear wings, and generally much 'cleaner' bodywork. Perhaps
2640-701: The Monaco and Italian Grands Prix , Sainz won the Mexico City Grand Prix , and the car was involved in two 1-2 finishes : one with a returning Sainz at the Australian Grand Prix , and one with Leclerc at the United States Grand Prix . This car has achieved nineteen podiums, four pole positions, and it holds four fastest laps. The SF-24 made its competitive debut in the Bahrain Grand Prix where Carlos Sainz Jr. secured
2728-612: The 3.0 L V10, 582 kW (780 bhp) with the 2007-regulation 2.4 L V8, 710 kW (950 bhp) with 2016 1.6 L V6 turbo), aerodynamics, and ultra-high-performance tyres is what gives the F1 car its high performance figures. The principal consideration for F1 designers is acceleration , and not simply top speed. Three types of acceleration can be considered to assess a car's performance: All three accelerations should be maximised. The way these three accelerations are obtained and their values are: 2024 Italian Grand Prix The 2024 Italian Grand Prix (officially known as
Ferrari SF-24 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2816-532: The Formula One brake manufacturers to date. Every F1 car is capable of going from 0 to 160 km/h (0 to 99 mph) and back to 0 in less than five seconds. During a demonstration at the Silverstone circuit in Britain, an F1 McLaren-Mercedes car driven by David Coulthard gave a pair of Mercedes-Benz street cars a head start of seventy seconds, and was able to beat the cars to the finish line from
2904-460: The ability to fine-tune many elements of the race car from within the machine using the steering wheel. The wheel can be used to change gears, apply rev. limiter, adjust fuel/air mix, change brake balance, control the differential, power unit, engine braking and call the radio. Data such as engine rpm, lap times, tyre temperature, brake temperature, speed, and gear are displayed on an LCD screen. The wheel hub will also incorporate gear change paddles and
2992-463: The activation zone until the driver brakes. Nose box or more commonly the nose cones serve three main purposes: Nose boxes are hollow structures made of carbon fibers. They absorb the shock at the time of crash preventing injury to the driver. Just behind the driver's cockpit is a structure called the Air Box. The Air Box serves two purposes. It receives the high-speed moving air and supplies it to
3080-445: The air box is its large size, which provides a large space for advertising, in turn, providing opportunities for additional ad revenue. F1 regulations heavily limit the use of ground effect aerodynamics , which are a highly efficient means of creating downforce with a small drag penalty. The underside of the vehicle, the undertray, must be flat between the axles. A 10 mm (as of 2008) thick wooden plank, or skid block , runs down
3168-439: The air moving through the compressor was much cooler, since it was farther away from the hot turbine section. Formula One cars use highly automated semi-automatic sequential gearboxes with paddle-shifters, with regulations stating that 8 forward gears (increased from 7 from the 2014 season onwards) and 1 reverse gear must be used, with rear-wheel-drive . The gearbox is constructed of carbon titanium, as heat dissipation
3256-465: The air spillage at their edges. The use of vortices is a significant feature of the latest breeds of F1 cars. Since a vortex is a rotating fluid that creates a low-pressure zone at its centre, creating vortices lowers the overall local pressure of the air. Since low pressure is what is desired under the car, as it allows normal atmospheric pressure to press the car down from the top; by creating vortices, downforce can be augmented while still staying within
3344-410: The amount of turbulence. Revised regulations introduced in 2005 forced the aerodynamicists to be even more ingenious. In a bid to cut speeds, the FIA reduced downforce by raising the front wing, bringing the rear wing forward, and modifying the rear diffuser profile. The designers quickly regained much of this loss, with a variety of intricate and novel solutions such as the 'horn' winglets first seen on
3432-405: The back of the steering wheel , and advanced electric solenoids , hydraulic actuators , and sensors perform the actual shift, as well as the electronic throttle control . Clutch control is also performed electro-hydraulically, except when launching from a standstill (i.e., stationary, neutral) into first gear, where the driver operates the clutch manually using a lever mounted on the back of
3520-472: The cars stripped of as much wing as possible, to reduce drag and increase speed on the long straights. Every single surface of a modern Formula One car, from the shape of the suspension links to that of the driver's helmet – has its aerodynamic effects considered. Disrupted air, where the flow 'separates' from the body, creates turbulence which creates drag – which slows the car down. Almost as much effort has been spent reducing drag as increasing downforce – from
3608-588: The damage on lap 7. Leclerc's teammate Carlos Sainz Jr. initially overtook the McLarens during their first stops but ended up losing the positions to them. Leclerc stopped early to run the hard tyres, a decision he initially criticised on team radio. However, he was shifted into first place following stops for other drivers and ended up running the tyres to the end, winning the race ahead of Piastri and Norris. Leclerc's victory marked his seventh career win and Ferrari's first win at their home race since 2019 , which
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3696-503: The driver , intended to be used in competition at Formula One racing events. The regulations governing the cars are unique to the championship and specify that cars must be constructed by the racing teams themselves, though the design and manufacture can be outsourced. Formula One drivers experience peak cornering forces of up to six lateral g. Modern-day Formula One cars are constructed from composites of carbon fibre and similar ultra-lightweight materials. The minimum weight permissible
3784-414: The driver. Early experiments with movable wings and high mountings led to some spectacular accidents, and for the 1970 season, regulations were introduced to limit the size and location of wings. Having evolved over time, similar rules are still used today. In the late 1960s, Jim Hall of Chaparral, first introduced " ground effect " downforce to auto racing. In the mid-1970s, Lotus engineers found out that
3872-462: The dry weather compounds (generally a harder and softer compound) are brought to each race, plus both wet weather compounds. The harder tyres are more durable but give less grip, and the softer tyres the opposite. In 2009, the slick tyres returned as a part of revisions to the rules for the 2009 season; slicks have no grooves and give up to 18% more contact with the track. In the Bridgestone years,
3960-524: The entire car could be made to act like a giant wing by the creation of an airfoil surface on its underside which would cause air moving relative to the car to push it to the road. Applying another idea of Jim Hall's from his Chaparral 2J sports racer, Gordon Murray designed the Brabham BT46B , which had a radiator fan that also extracted air from the skirted area under the car, creating enormous downforce. After technical challenges from other teams, it
4048-549: The event, Monza Circuit underwent significant changes. In addition to facility improvements, the entire track was resurfaced. The DRS zone leading in to turn 1 was extended by 103 metres (338 ft). Three free practice sessions were held for the event. The first free practice session was held on 30 August 2024, at 13:30 local time ( UTC+2 ), and was topped by Max Verstappen of Red Bull Racing ahead of Charles Leclerc of Ferrari and Lando Norris of McLaren . Debutant Andrea Kimi Antonelli spun at turn 11, crashing into
4136-485: The first practice session, making his Formula One practice debut. Aston Martin were planning to have Felipe Drugovich drive in first practice in place of Fernando Alonso , before cancelling this plan in response to the track changes. Tyre supplier Pirelli brought the C3, C4, and C5 tyre compounds (the three softest in their range) designated hard, medium, and soft, respectively, for teams to use at this event. Ahead of
4224-446: The following car. Thus, for the 2022 season , the FIA made technical changes to the aerodynamic characteristics of the cars to reduce the amount of this 'dirty air' and allow for easier overtaking. Front wing, side pods, and rear wing have all been redesigned to redirect aerodynamic turbulence upwards, and larger tyres with 18-inch wheels were adopted in an effort to limit disruptive vortices generated by their rotation. The driver has
4312-411: The front wing. The cars underwent major changes in 2017, allowing wider front and rear wings, and wider tyres . Throughout much of the turbo-hybrid era, drivers have noted that following closely behind other cars, particularly when attempting to overtake, has been made considerably more difficult by large amounts of turbulence or 'dirty air' from the leading car reducing the aerodynamic performance of
4400-526: The fuel they are providing for a race. At any time, FIA inspectors can request a sample from the fueling rig to compare the "fingerprint" of what is in the car during the race with what was submitted. The teams usually abide by this rule, but in 1997, Mika Häkkinen was stripped of his third-place finish at Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium after the FIA determined that his fuel was not the correct formula, as well as in 1976, both McLaren and Penske cars were forced to
4488-705: The high-speed circuits such as the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve (Canadian GP) and the Autodromo Nazionale Monza (Italian GP). This contrasts with 1.0 g to 1.5 g (10 to 15 m/s ) for sports cars (the Bugatti Veyron is claimed to be able to brake at 1.3 g). An F1 car can brake from 200 km/h (124 mph) to a complete stop in just 2.9 seconds, using only 65 metres (213 ft). Currently Brembo along with its sister brand AP Racing and Hitco are
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#17327837634584576-475: The intake manifold of the engine. This high-speed air is pressurised and hence is compressed due to the Ram Effect. This high-pressure air, when supplied to the engine, boosts its power. Also, the air supplied to it is highly turbulent since it passes above the driver's helmet. The airbox absorbs this turbulent air, preventing it from disturbing the laminar airflow along with other parts. The second advantage of
4664-533: The last laps of the race. In the run-up to the Miami Grand Prix , the team gained a title sponsor in computer company HP , facilitating an updated livery with HP branding. The HP branding was introduced in a one-off livery for the race featuring "Azzurro La Plata" and "Azzurro Dino", marking Ferrari's 70th anniversary in the United States, and was applied to the base livery in the following race at
4752-399: The lead, with the latter retiring due to brake failure on lap 4, his first retirement since the race's 2022 edition . Sainz led home team-mate Leclerc to win the Grand Prix, giving Ferrari and himself their first victory in 2024, as well as the team's first 1-2 finish since the 2022 Bahrain Grand Prix . Leclerc secured the point for fastest lap. The race finished under the safety car following
4840-411: The many reasons that Mercedes dominated the season early was due to the placement of the turbocharger's compressor at one side of the engine and the turbine at the other; both were then linked by a shaft travelling through the vee of the engine. The benefit was that air was not traveling through as much pipework, in turn reducing turbo lag and increasing the efficiency of the car. In addition, it meant that
4928-425: The maximum amount of downforce for the minimal amount of drag. The primary wings mounted on the front and rear are fitted with different profiles depending on the downforce requirements of a particular track. Tight, slow circuits like Monaco require very aggressive wing profiles – cars run two separate 'blades' of 'elements' on the rear wings (two is the maximum permitted). In contrast, high-speed circuits like Monza see
5016-415: The middle of the car to prevent the cars from running low enough to contact the track surface; this skid block is measured before and after a race. Should the plank be less than 9 mm thick after the race, the car is disqualified. The 2022 rule change allowed for teams to utilise venturi tunnels to create much more ground effect than previous seasons allowed. This change, along with a vast simplification of
5104-466: The most interesting change, however, was the introduction of 'moveable aerodynamics', with the driver able to make limited adjustments to the front wing from the cockpit during a race. The new DRS (Drag Reduction System) rear wing system, introduced in 2011 usurped the former system. This too allows drivers to make adjustments, but the system's availability is electronically governed – originally it could be used at any time in practice and qualifying (unless
5192-589: The nose is raised above the centre of the front aerofoil, allowing its entire width to provide downforce. The front and rear wings are highly sculpted and extremely fine 'tuned', along with the rest of the body such as the turning vanes beneath the nose, bargeboards , sidepods, underbody, and the rear diffuser . They also feature aerodynamic appendages that direct the airflow. Such an extreme level of aerodynamic development means that an F1 car produces much more downforce than any other open-wheel formula; Indycars, for example, produce downforce equal to their weight (that is,
5280-460: The outsides subsequently creating greater downforce. Tests were held on the Red Bull front wing and the FIA could find no way that the wing was breaking any regulation. Since the start of the 2011 season, cars have been allowed to run with an adjustable rear wing, more commonly known as DRS (drag reduction system), a system to combat the problem of turbulent air when overtaking. On the straights of
5368-442: The over body aerodynamics, was done with the intention of creating closer racing by reducing the vortices created by the complex wings. A substantial amount of downforce is provided by using a rear diffuser which rises from the undertray at the rear axle to the actual rear of the bodywork. F1 regulations heavily limited the use of ground effect until the 2022 rule change, which are a highly efficient means of creating downforce with
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#17327837634585456-409: The period when teams were limited to a specific volume of fuel during a race, exotic high-density fuel blends were used which were actually more dense than water, since the energy content of a fuel depends on its mass density. To make sure that the teams and fuel suppliers are not violating the fuel regulations, the FIA requires Elf, Shell, Mobil, Petronas, and the other fuel teams to submit a sample of
5544-449: The period; however, development had led to these engines producing between 730 and 750 kW (980 and 1,000 hp), and the cars reaching top speeds of 375 km/h (233 mph) (Jacques Villeneuve with Sauber-Ferrari) on the Monza circuit. Teams started to use exotic alloys in the late 1990s, leading to the FIA banning the use of exotic materials in engine construction, with only aluminium, titanium and iron alloys being allowed for
5632-513: The pistons, cylinders, connecting rods and crankshafts. The FIA has continually enforced material and design restrictions to limit power. Even with the restrictions, the V10s in the 2005 season were reputed to develop 730 kW (980 hp), power levels not seen since before the ban on turbo-charged engines in 1989. The lesser funded teams (the former Minardi team spent less than 50 million, while Ferrari spent hundreds of millions of euros
5720-470: The race. During the Australian Grand Prix , Sainz returned to race again after recovering for two weeks, and qualified 2nd. His team-mate, Leclerc, qualified 5th on the road, but was promoted to 4th on the grid, following a 3-place grid penalty for Sergio Pérez. Throughout qualifying, the Ferraris were pressuring Red Bull for pole. In the race itself, Sainz overtook pole sitter Max Verstappen on lap 2 for
5808-470: The rear of the Italian Grand Prix after the octane number of the mixture was found to be too high. The 2009 season saw the re-introduction of slick tyres replacing the grooved tyres used from 1998 to 2008 . Tyres can be no wider than 405 mm (15.9 in) at the rear, front tyre width expanded from 245 mm to 305 mm for the 2017 season. Unlike the fuel, the tyres bear only
5896-576: The reception of the DRS system has differed among drivers, fans, and specialists. Early designs linked wings directly to the suspension, but several accidents led to rules stating that wings must be fixed rigidly to the chassis. The cars' aerodynamics are designed to provide maximum downforce with a minimum of drag ; every part of the bodywork is designed with this aim in mind. Like most open-wheel cars they feature large front and rear aerofoils , but they are far more developed than American open-wheel racers, which depend more on suspension tuning; for instance,
5984-421: The region of 2 – 3 ms . In order to keep costs low in Formula One, gearboxes must last five consecutive events, and since 2015, gearbox ratios will be fixed for each season (for 2014 they could be changed only once). Changing a gearbox before the allowed time will cause a penalty of five places drop on the starting grid for the first event that the new gearbox is used. Aerodynamics has become key to success in
6072-519: The remainder of the race for his 2nd win of the season. Leclerc also reached the podium, finishing in 3rd place and securing a point for fastest lap. This was Ferrari's first win at Hermanos Rodríguez since Alain Prost 's win in 1990. * Season still in progress. Formula One car A Formula One car or F1 car is a single-seat, open-cockpit, open-wheel formula racing car with substantial front and rear wings, and an engine positioned behind
6160-568: The rules prohibiting ground effects . The F1 cars for the 2009 season came under much questioning due to the design of the rear diffusers of the Williams, Toyota and the Brawn GP cars raced by Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello, dubbed double diffusers . Appeals from many of the teams were heard by the FIA, which met in Paris, before the 2009 Chinese Grand Prix , and the use of such diffusers
6248-405: The same principle as aircraft wings but are configured to cause a downward force rather than an upward one. A modern Formula One car is capable of developing 6 Gs of lateral cornering force due to aerodynamic downforce. The aerodynamic downforce allowing this is typically greater than the weight of the car. That means that, theoretically, at high speeds, they could drive on the upside-down surface of
6336-603: The same regulation as the 2006 season. However, for the 2009 season, drivers were allowed to use a maximum of 8 engines per head over the season, meaning that a couple of engines had to last three race weekends. This method of limiting engine costs also increased the importance of tactics, since the teams had to choose in which races to employ a new or an already-used engine. As of the 2014 season, all F1 cars have been equipped with turbocharged 1.6 L V6 engines. Turbochargers had previously been banned since 1989. This change may give an improvement of up to 29% fuel efficiency. One of
6424-431: The sport, and teams spend tens of millions of dollars on research and development in the field each year. The aerodynamic designer has two primary concerns: the creation of downforce, to help push the car's tyres onto the track and improve cornering forces, and minimising drag caused by turbulence that slows the car. Several teams started to experiment with the now familiar wings in the late 1960s. Racecar wings operate on
6512-587: The steering wheel. The last F1 car fitted with a conventional manual gearbox , the Forti FG01 , raced in 1995 . A modern F1 clutch is a multi-plate carbon design with a diameter of less than 100 mm (3.9 in), weighing less than 1 kg (2.2 lb) and handling around 540 kW (720 hp). As of the 2009 race season, all teams are using seamless-shift transmissions , which allow almost instantaneous changing of gears with minimum loss of drive. Shift times for modern Formula One cars are in
6600-534: The team to fine-tune the weight distribution of the car to suit individual circuits. The 2006 Formula One season saw the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) introduce a then-new engine formula, which mandated cars to be powered by 2.4 L naturally aspirated engines in the V8 engine configuration, with no more than four valves per cylinder. Further technical restrictions, such as
6688-554: The team's first podium of the season finishing in third. Charles Leclerc , who qualified in second, finished the race in fourth after suffering from a brake issue throughout the race. For the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix , Sainz was withdrawn for the rest of the weekend after falling ill. He was required to undergo surgery for appendicitis ; replacing him was Ferrari reserve driver Oliver Bearman , who qualified eleventh and finished seventh. Leclerc, meanwhile, qualified in second and finished in third after Sergio Pérez overtook him earlier in
6776-507: The tyre surface conforms to the road surface as closely as possible). Since the start of the 2007 season, F1 has had a sole tyre supplier. From 2007 to 2010, this was Bridgestone, but 2011 saw the reintroduction of Pirelli into the sport, following the departure of Bridgestone. Seven compounds of F1 tyre exist; 5 are dry weather compounds (labeled C1 through C5) while 2 are wet compounds (intermediates for damp surfaces with no standing water and full wets for surfaces with standing water). Three of
6864-405: The vast amounts of heat produced by the engine and brakes. In recent years, most Formula One teams have tried to emulate Ferrari's 'narrow waist' design, where the rear of the car is made as narrow and low as possible. This reduces drag and maximises the amount of air available to the rear wing. The 'barge boards' fitted to the sides of cars have also helped to shape the flow of the air and minimise
6952-407: The vertical end-plates fitted to wings to prevent vortices forming to the diffuser plates mounted low at the back, which helps to re-equalise pressure of the faster-flowing air that has passed under the car and would otherwise create a low-pressure 'balloon' dragging at the back. Despite this, designers can't make their cars too 'slippery', as a good supply of airflow has to be ensured to help dissipate
7040-412: The wall and causing the session to be stopped temporarily . The second free practice session was held on the same day, at 17:00 local time, and was topped by Lewis Hamilton of Mercedes ahead of Norris and Carlos Sainz Jr. of Ferrari. The third practice session was held on 31 August 2024, at 12:30 local time, and was topped by Hamilton ahead of his teammate George Russell and Leclerc. Qualifying
7128-404: The wing, thus reducing drag and allowing higher top speeds. However, this also reduces downforce so it is normally used on long straight track sections or sections which do not require high downforce. The system was introduced to promote more overtaking, and is often the reason for overtaking on straights or at the end of straights where overtaking is encouraged in the following corner(s). However,
7216-474: Was also won by Leclerc. This race marked the debut of Franco Colapinto , who finished in twelfth having qualified in eighteenth. A Williams junior , Colapinto was brought in from Formula 2 early to replace Logan Sargeant , who was dropped due to underperforming. Following the race, Kevin Magnussen of Haas received penalty points on his licence for a collision with Pierre Gasly . This took Magnussen over
7304-428: Was declared as legal. Brawn GP boss Ross Brawn claimed the double diffuser design as "an innovative approach of an existing idea". These were subsequently banned for the 2011 season. Another controversy of the 2010 and 2011 seasons was the front wing of the Red Bull cars. Several teams protested claiming the wing was breaking regulations. Footage from high-speed sections of circuits showed the Red Bull front wing bending on
7392-461: Was held on 31 August 2024, at 16:00 local time ( UTC+2 ). The race was held on 1 September 2024, at 15:00 local time ( UTC+2 ), and was run for 53 laps. Polesitter Lando Norris kept the lead until teammate Oscar Piastri took the lead at turn 4 on the opening lap. Prior to this, on the run-in to turn one, George Russell clipped Piastri's rear-left tyre, forcing Russell to take the run-off area. He then made contact with Max Verstappen , causing
7480-823: Was implemented so that casual fans could better understand the tyre system. Generally, the three dry compounds brought to the track are of consecutive specifications. Disc brakes consist of a rotor and caliper at each wheel. Carbon composite rotors (introduced by the Brabham team in 1976 ) are used instead of steel or cast iron because of their superior frictional, thermal, and anti-warping properties, as well as significant weight savings. These brakes are designed and manufactured to work in extreme temperatures, up to 1,000 degrees Celsius (1800 °F). The driver can control brake force distribution fore and aft to compensate for changes in track conditions or fuel load. Regulations specify this control must be mechanical, not electronic, thus it
7568-447: Was normally around 75 L/100 km (3.8 mpg ‑imp ; 3.1 mpg ‑US ). All cars have the engine located between the driver and the rear axle. The engines are a stressed member in most cars, meaning that the engine is part of the structural support framework, being bolted to the cockpit at the front end, and transmission and rear suspension at the back end. In the 2004 championship, engines were required to last
7656-407: Was withdrawn after a single race. Rule changes then followed to limit the benefits of 'ground effects' – firstly a ban on the skirts used to contain the low-pressure area, later a requirement for a 'stepped floor'. Despite the full-sized wind tunnels and vast computing power used by the aerodynamic departments of most teams, the fundamental principles of Formula One aerodynamics still apply: to create
7744-420: Was won by Charles Leclerc of Ferrari , marking the team’s first win at Monza since 2019 . Piastri and Norris rounded out the podium. The event was held at the Monza Circuit in Monza for the 74th time in the circuit's history, across the weekend of 30 August – 1 September. The Grand Prix was the sixteenth round of the 2024 Formula One World Championship and the 75th running of the Italian Grand Prix as
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