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21-637: The Fleet Marine Force, Pacific (FMFPAC) is the largest maritime landing force in the world. Its units are spread across the Pacific Ocean and reports to the United States Pacific Command . It is headquartered at MCB Camp H. M. Smith, HI and directs and commands all the subordinate elements of the Navy Expeditionary Strike Force and Marine Air-Ground Task Force components that follow under

42-407: A diversion or feint in connection with other air landings or ground operations, or creating confusion and disorder among the hostile military and civilian personnel. Air landing can also provide an attack against an isolated enemy position that is impossible or impracticable to attack by ground forces . I Marine Expeditionary Force The I Marine Expeditionary Force ("I" pronounced "One")

63-465: A hostile counterattack; interrupting the movements of hostile reserves; cooperating in the pursuit or breakthrough by ground forces by operating against enemy reserves and lines of communication, and blocking hostile avenues of retreat; and preventing the enemy from destroying essential installations, supplies, and material. It may also include executing an envelopment from the air in conjunction with an attack by ground forces, executing surprise attacks as

84-674: A lieutenant general) with Roman numerals. Corps, themselves being the first-level sub-unit of a "field army", or a numbered, or named, army (e.g., First U.S. Army, or the Army of the Potomac). During the First World War, the 4th Marine Brigade, as part of the U.S. Army 2nd Infantry Division, came under the U.S. Army I Corps, American Expeditionary Forces. With the expansion of the Marine Corps to six divisions and five air wings during

105-607: Is a Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) of the United States Marine Corps primarily composed of the 1st Marine Division , 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing , and 1st Marine Logistics Group . It is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton . I Marine Expeditionary Force is the largest of the three MEFs in the Fleet Marine Force and is often referred to as the "Warfighting MEF" for its consistent involvement and contributions in major armed conflicts. It

126-480: Is presently commanded by Lieutenant General Michael Cederholm . The deputy commander is Brigadier General Michael R. Nakonieczny. Pronunciation of the Roman numeral designator: As a Roman numeral the capital letter "I", representing one, is properly pronounced as "One". However, there are some who erroneously pronounce the number as either "First", or either intentionally, or unknowingly, pronounce it as "Eye", as in

147-637: The 3rd , 5th , and 7th Fleet and the Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (MARFORPAC). The Commanding General of Marine Corps Forces, Pacific is dual-posted as the Commanding General of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific. FMFPAC is under operational control of the Commander, United States Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT), when deployed. FMFPAC was established by General 'Howling Mad' Smith in 1944 to assume command of very large Marine forces in

168-576: The 3rd Marine Logistics Group . Camp H. M. Smith Aiea, Hawaii [REDACTED] Landing force In a military invasion conducted by sea, the landing and establishment of a beachhead are critical phases. In the Iliad , the landing operation of the Achaean navy is described in book three. Since the Trojans had been warned of the invasion, the beach was defended. In Greek polytheism ,

189-702: The Pacific through leapfrogging during the Pacific War . Later landing operations during the Cold War included the 1950 Battle of Inchon during the Korean War , the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion , and the 1983 United States invasion of Grenada . Missions of air landing troops, as defined by the U.S. FM 100–5 Operations manual, include seizing, holding, or otherwise exploiting important tactical localities or installations in conjunction with or pending

210-481: The Pacific theatre of World War II , of the order of 500,000. Since then, the forces commanded by FMFPAC have been the largest field command in the Marine Corps, representing two-thirds of its combat strength. The provisional administrative headquarters of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, was established on 12 June 1944 as the reformation of the V Amphibious Corps , and it formally was designated as Headquarters Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, on 17 September 1944. On 12 July of

231-663: The Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet, became V Amphibious Corps. In the spring of 1944, the commander of V Amphibious Corps had his role expanded to cover the III Amphibious Corps as well, and this position developed into the Headquarters, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, in September 1944. FMFPAC was created as a U.S. Navy type command responsible for organizing, training, and supporting Marine forces in

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252-593: The Commander, MARFORPAC, has been dual-hatted as the Commanding General, FMFPAC. Marine units from FMFPAC were deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War , and participated in the Korean War and the Vietnam War . It also sent units to fight in Iraq and Afghanistan , because before 2005 the area covered by the U.S. Central Command was in the jurisdiction of FMFPAC. The head of MARFORPAC and FMFPAC

273-473: The Commanding Officers of four Marine Expeditionary Units ( 11th , 13th , 15th , and 31st MEUs). The Commanding General, I MEF, exercises operational control over the 1st Marine Division , the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing , and the 1st Marine Logistics Group , while the Commanding General, III MEF, exercises operational control over the 3d Marine Division , the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing , and

294-618: The Pacific Fleet, as well as advising the Commander of the Pacific Fleet on all matters related to the Marine Corps. In December 1946, the Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic (FMFLANT) was created as the East Coast counterpart to FMFPAC. In July 1992, the Marine Corps established two service component commands to geographic unified combatant commands , including the U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (MARFORPAC). Since then,

315-531: The Second World War, the Marine Corps created two "Amphibious Corps", I Marine Amphibious Corps (later re-designated as III Amphibious Corps) and V Amphibious Corps , continuing the custom begun by the Army. Modern Marine Expeditionary Forces, or MEFs (for a time known as Marine Amphibious [italics added] Forces, or MABs) continue the U.S. Marine Corps legacy as corps-equivalent organizations designated by Roman numerals. When directed, I MEF deploys and

336-796: The Secretary of the Navy, Claude A. Swanson . It consisted of two brigades, one on the East Coast in Quantico, Virginia , and one on the West Coast in San Diego , California . In 1941 the Fleet Marine Force was reduced to a training command in the continental United States during the war, while two amphibious forces, one in the Atlantic and one in the Pacific, were created as field commands. In 1943

357-420: The arrival of other military or naval forces. Such missions include seizure and clearance of landing fields, beachheads, strong points, and ports; seizure of essential observation or other critical terrain; severing hostile lines of communication and supply; destroying bridges, locks, public utility enterprises, and other designated demolitions; seizing river crossings, defiles , and other bottlenecks ; blocking

378-517: The letter "I". The convention of using Roman numerals to designate a MEF, which is itself the Marine Corps equivalent organization to an Army corps, stems from the U.S. Army practice that began in the American Civil War, and continues today, of numbering corps (two or more divisions with supporting troops, and sometimes including separate brigades, regiments, groups, or battalions, all under a unified corps headquarters, usually commanded by

399-413: The same year, Holland Smith became Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, after being appointed by Admiral Chester Nimitz , the commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet . The force grew to a strength of six divisions and five aircraft wings by the end of the war. The preceding units of the Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, were mainly from the original Fleet Marine Force, established on 7 December 1933 by

420-587: The ἱερά ἐπιβατήρια were sacrifices offered to the gods after a successful landing. A λόγος ἐπιβατήριον was a dignified speech delivered upon disembarkation, contrasting with an ἀποβατήριον ( apobaterion ), the speech delivered upon departure. During World War II , landing operations were used to great effect during the Normandy landings and the Allied invasion of Sicily on the Western Front , and across

441-533: Was also nominally the Commander, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Central Command (MARCENT), from 1992 until 2005, when that role was given to the commanding general, II Marine Expeditionary Force . Reporting directly to the Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific (CG FMFPAC) are the Commanding Generals of two Marine Expeditionary Forces ( I MEF and III MEF ), the Commanding Generals of two Marine Expeditionary Brigades ( 1st MEB and 3rd MEB ), and

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