A patronymic , or patronym , is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (more specifically an avonymic ), or an earlier male ancestor. It is the male equivalent of a matronymic .
72-604: Flotow is a German surname . Notable people witht the surname include: Friedrich von Flotow (1812–1883), German composer Hans von Flotow (1862–1935), German diplomat Julius von Flotow (1788–1856), German lichenologist Ludwig von Flotow (1867–1948), Austro-Hungarian statesman Luise von Flotow , German-Canadian translator, author and academic Marie von Flotow (1817–1909), Russian courtier See also [ edit ] Floto (disambiguation) Groß Flotow [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
144-410: A patronymic system as they survive in parts of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, but these do not form part of the official name. Women traditionally adopted their husband's name upon marriage and would occasionally retain their maiden name by hyphenation , in a so-called Doppelname , e.g. " Else Lasker-Schüler ". Recent legislation motivated by gender equality now allows a married couple to choose
216-571: A surname ( Nachname, Familienname ). The Vorname is usually gender-specific. A name is usually cited in the " Western order " of "given name, surname". The most common exceptions are alphabetized list of surnames, e.g. " Bach, Johann Sebastian ", as well as some official documents and spoken southern German dialects . In most of this, the German conventions parallel the naming conventions in most of Western and Central Europe, including English , Dutch , Italian , and French . There are some vestiges of
288-519: A German reading the name: Marquard , pronounced French pronunciation: [maʁkaʁ] in French, ended up being pronounced German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁkvaʁt] much like the German Markwart from which it was originally derived. Traditionally, the wife adopts her husband's Nachname on marriage and drops her own. However, due to the legal equality of sexes, the opposite
360-530: A family name. Someone called "Ramazan Rahim Ali Manji" might call his son "Karim Ramazan Rahim Manji" and his granddaughter might be called "Zahra Karim Ramazan Manji". Indians in Singapore and Malaysia, particularly those of Tamil descent, often continue the patronymic tradition. This entails having a single given name, followed by son/daughter of, followed by their father's name. In Malaysia , Singapore and Brunei , ethnic Malays and Indians generally follow
432-757: A large number of forenames, often six or more. This fashion was to some extent copied by the bourgeois class , but subsided again after the end of the 19th century, so that while two or three forenames remain common, a larger number is now rare. The practice persists among German nobility, e.g. Johann Friedrich Konrad Carl Eduard Horst Arnold Matthias, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, Duke of Saxony (b. 1952), Ernst August Albert Paul Otto Rupprecht Oskar Berthold Friedrich-Ferdinand Christian-Ludwig, Prince of Hanover (b. 1954), Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm-Ernst Friedrich Franz Prince of Hanover and Dukelin, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg (b. 1985). Traditionally, there are dialectal differences between
504-412: A man named Adamu Abdulkabiru Jibril — whereby "Adamu" would be his given first name, "Abdulkabiru" would be his father's given name as a patronymic middle name, and "Jibril" would be his hereditary family surname. Other people hyphenate their surname to include a patronymic, in which case the example would be named Adamu Abdulkabiru-Jibril with "Abdulkabiru-Jibril" acting as his surname. Using patronymics as
576-1061: A more complex history. Both Greek words had entered Latin, and, from Latin, French. The English form patronymic was borrowed through the mutual influence of French and Latin on English. In many areas around the world, patronyms predate the use of family names . Family names in many Celtic , Germanic , Iberian , Georgian , Armenian and Slavic languages originate from patronyms, e.g. Wilson (son of William ), FitzGerald (son of Gerald ), Powell (from "ap Hywel "), Fernández (son of Fernando ), Rodríguez (son of Rodrigo ), Andersson or Andersen (son of Anders , Scandinavian form of Andrew ), Carlsen (son of Carl ), Ilyin (of Ilya ), Petrov (of Peter ), Grigorovich (son of Grigory , Russian form of Gregory ), Stefanović (son of Stefan , little Stefan), MacAllister (from "mac Alistair", meaning son of Alistair , anglicized Scottish form of Alexander ) and O'Conor (from "Ó Conchobhair", meaning grandson/descendant of Conchobhar ). Other cultures which formerly used patronyms have switched to
648-473: A person is usually two but officially registered with three names. The person's given name comes first, followed by their father's given name and (optionally, for official purposes) their grandfather's name last. For example, a person named Lemlem Mengesha Abraha has Lemlem as her given name, Mengesha (from her father's name) Abraha (grandfather's name). The grandfather's name is usually only added in official documents and not used in everyday life. The father's name
720-468: A social justice movement aimed at eliminating caste-based discrimination . Traditionally, many Indian states used patronyms or surnames to reflect familial heritage and caste, but Tamil Nadu's system intentionally disrupts this structure. In this system, individuals often use their father's given name as an initial or surname. For example, "R. Karthik" signifies Karthik, son of Rajesh, with "R" representing his father's name. Unlike other Indian states, where
792-408: A special case, as they were introduced later, in the late 18th to early 19th century, per fiat . The Prussian authorities imposed made-up and sometimes derogatory names. For instance, the name "Waldlieferant" (lit.: forest supplier) was "created" to ridicule a Jewish timber trader. Even way more offensive expressions ("Afterduft"; lit.: anus odor) were in use. This is by no means the rule, though; on
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#1732794268695864-463: A woman takes her husband's given name as her middle name – her new middle name is no longer a patronymic. East Slavic naming customs are similar, except that the suffix -yevich , -yevna , or something similar is used in a Russian language patronymic. Indians of the Muslim Isma'ili sect also have patronymic middle names that use the father's first name and the grandfather's first name plus
936-425: Is patronymic , but as a noun this exists in free variation alongside patronym . The first part of the word patronym comes from Greek πατήρ patēr ' father ' ( GEN πατρός patros whence the combining form πατρο- patro -); the second part comes from Greek ὄνυμα onyma , a variant form of ὄνομα onoma 'name'. In the form patronymic , this stands with the addition of the suffix -ικός ( -ikos ), which
1008-520: Is "Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed", and Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed's son Ali is "Ali Mohamed Ibrahim". The naming convention used in Eritrea and Ethiopia does not have family names and surnames. A person is referred to by a single name: this is always the person's given name. Ethiopians and Eritreans use a naming pattern very similar to the Arab naming pattern, but with one exception: no suffix or prefix. The full name of
1080-494: Is Ravichandran, prefers to be known as "R. Ashwin" or " Ravichandran Ashwin ." This choice is particularly relevant in sports commentary, where players are often referred to by their surnames. Since it would be incorrect to call him by his father’s name alone, Ashwin uses his given name in conjunction with his father's name. There is also a growing trend in Tamil Nadu to expand initials in ways that align with how names sound in
1152-736: Is alternatively written as Hisham b. al-Kalbi . However, the pronunciation bin is dialectal and has nothing to do with either the spelling or pronunciation in Classical Arabic. The word Abu ( Aba or Abi in different grammatical cases) means "father of", so Abu ʿAli is another name for ʿAmr . In Northwest Africa , the patronymic is romanized as ben , reflecting local pronunciation . See for example Ahmed Ben Bella ( أحمد بن بلّة ) and Ben Ali ( بن علي ). In medieval times, an illegitimate child of unknown parentage would sometimes be termed ibn Abihi , "son of his father" (notably Ziyad ibn Abihi .) In
1224-478: Is common in parts of India . For example, if a father is named Ramprasad Sachin Pandey (a masculine name), he might name his son Sunil Ramprasad Pandey, who in turn might name his son Sanjeev Sunil Pandey. As a result, unlike surnames, patronymics will not pass down through many generations. In Tamil Nadu and some parts of Kerala and South Karnataka , patronymy is predominant. This is a significant departure from
1296-508: Is given from the father's family. For example, if the father's name is Boggi Sinaga who married Moetia Siregar then all children will be given the family's name of Sinaga. In Sunda, a similar cultural rule is used to that of the Batak. The family's name for Sunda is -Wijaya, but that is not true for all Sundanese families. The use of patronymics was introduced in Armenia by Russians during
1368-453: Is not considered a middle name but a last name, without it being a family name or surname. Women do not take their husband's last name. They continue to go independently by their given name, followed by their father's name, and then their grandfather's name, even after marriage. In both Ethiopia and Eritrea, a person is always addressed by their first name; for example Mrs. Lemlem or Dr. Lemlem. Some Kenyan communities used patronyms. As of 2010,
1440-455: Is possible as well, though rare. A few examples of the practice under German law, if "Herr (Mr) Schmidt" and "Frau (Miss) Meyer" marry: All children of a family have to receive the same non-hyphenated Nachname at birth, which may be either the mother's or the father's Nachname (traditionally it was the father's). If the parents adopted an Ehename this is the Nachname of the child. It
1512-562: Is referred to by his given name, Annadurai, underscoring the unique flexibility and personalization that Tamil Nadu's naming conventions allow. This evolution in Tamil naming practices highlights both the influence of social justice reforms and the cultural adaptability within the state. While Tamil Nadu has largely moved away from caste-based surnames, the naming system retains a focus on individual identity, free from rigid lineage-based structures, distinguishing it from other Indian states. While
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#17327942686951584-484: Is sometimes the second or third name in the sequence of given names on official record, even though it is the given name in daily use from childhood. For example, in the resume submitted by mathematician Emmy Noether to Erlangen University in 1907, the underlining of Emmy communicates that this is the Rufname , even though it is the second of two official given names. In Germany, the chosen name must be approved by
1656-487: Is strictly forbidden to give children Doppelnamen if it is not the Ehename . The latter case can arise with traditional aristocratic Doppelnamen (e.g. Faber-Castell). In Austria (§ 93 ABGB), a couple can choose either of their surnames as married name. In the default case, this is the surname of the groom. The partner who is changing surnames (usually the bride) has the possibility to use their unmarried name alongside
1728-530: Is very common in parts of Mozambique. Although the practice is not universal, patronymic naming has been documented in the Zambezia province. Although not as prominent as during the pre-colonial period, some Nigerians (particularly in the North) continue using patronymics — either as a middle name, as the first part of a hyphenated surname, or as a surname. An example of the use of patronymic middle names would be
1800-521: The Late Middle Ages . Many of such surnames are derived from nicknames . They are generally classified into four groups by derivation : given names, occupational designations, bodily attributes, and toponyms (including references to named buildings). Also, many family names display characteristic features of the dialect of the region they originated in. The preposition von ("of") was used to distinguish nobility ; for example, if someone
1872-700: The Qur'an , Jesus ( Isa in Arabic) is consistently termed Isa ibn Maryam – a matronymic (in the Qur'an, Jesus has no father ; see Jesus in Islam ). An Arabic patronymic can be extended as far back as family tree records will allow: thus, for example, Ibn Khaldun gave his own full name as Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Jabir ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn ʿAbd ar-Rahman ibn Khaldun . Patronymics are still standard in parts of
1944-536: The Seediqs often get to choose which parent's name goes after their own. Mongol people 's names are preceded by the name of their father and possessive marker; both son and daughter are patronymics. Many indigenous ethnic groups in Yunnan , such as Yi , Hani , Jingpo , Jino , Derung , Nu , Wa , Hmong and Yao , use a son-father patronymic naming system ( 亲子连名制 ). Historically, Naxi and Bai have also used
2016-495: The grammatical case of the noun) is the equivalent of the "-son" suffix discussed above, and bint ( بنت ) means "daughter of". Thus, for example, Ali ibn ʿAmr means "Ali son of ʿAmr". In Classical Arabic, the word ibn is written as bn between two names, since the case ending of the first name then supplies a vowel. Ibn is often written as b. , and bint as bt. , in name formulas rendered from Arabic into Roman characters . Thus Hisham ibn al-Kalbi
2088-473: The nobiliary particle von (meaning "of") or zu (meaning "to", sometimes "at"), often von und zu are also found together (meaning "of and to/at"). The legal rules for these names are the same as those for other Nachnamen , which gives rise to a number of cases where people legally bear such names but are not recognized by the associations of formerly noble families in Germany , which continue to apply
2160-703: The surname German surnames . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flotow&oldid=1242059483 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description with empty Wikidata description All set index articles German surname Personal names in German-speaking Europe consist of one or several given names ( Vorname , plural Vornamen ) and
2232-421: The 1990s, there has however been a trend of parents picking non-German forms of names, either for originality, or influenced by international celebrities, e.g. Liam (Gaelic form of William ) rather than the German equivalent Wilhelm and Mila . Most surnames are derived either from given names ( patronym ), occupations, or from geographical origin, less often from bodily attributes. They became heritable with
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2304-499: The Arab world, notably Saudi Arabia and Iraq (in the case of Iraq, with ibn or bint omitted.) However, some of the Arab world has switched to a family name system. As in English, the new family names are sometimes based on what was formerly a patronymic. The form most used in the Arab world is the usage of both the patronymic and a family name, often using both the father's and paternal grandfathers given name in sequence after
2376-822: The Arabic patronymic naming system of given name + bin/binti or son of/daughter of (often abbreviated SO/DO) + father's name . Non-Muslim indigenous Malaysians in Sarawak use the "anak" in place of bin/binti or SO/DO, "anak" being the Malay word for "child", while non-muslim indigenous Malaysians in Sabah may use "bin" or "binti". However, not all Malays use patronymics, in Thailand they have adopted surnames, while in Indonesia they do not usually have either. Singaporean Indians use
2448-514: The Madras High Court recently directed the removal of community and caste names from government school names across the state. This move aligns with the state's long-standing policies to reduce caste-based distinctions in public life, including naming practices. The court’s decision reflects the state’s dedication to social justice by eliminating caste markers, particularly in institutions that shape young minds. This legal step ensures that
2520-741: The Soviet Union in 1991 there was a massive decline in the use of Russified patronymics; nowadays few Armenians use patronymics outside of official contexts. Many Armenian surnames were once patronymics first used by distant ancestors or clan founders. These are characterized by the suffix "-ian" in Western Armenian, often transliterated as "-yan" in Eastern Armenian. These are appended to the given name, i.e. Kardash ian , Asdvadzadour ian , Tank ian , Hagop ian , Khachadour ian , Mardiros ian , Bedros ian , Sarkiss ian , etc. Note that
2592-441: The Tamil language. For example, some choose to expand names phonetically, such as " Pala. Karuppiah " instead of "P. Karuppiah," or " Pa. Ranjith " rather than "P. Ranjith," to reflect a closer approximation of the name in Tamil. In the academic and professional world, scientists like M. Annadurai expand their names to "Mayilsami Annadurai," though it would be inappropriate to address him by his father's name, Mayilsami. Instead, he
2664-677: The abbreviations s/o (son of) or d/o (daughter of), while Malaysian Indians typically use the respective Malay variations "anak lelaki" (abbreviated a/l ) or "anak perempuan" (abbreviated a/p ). In some cases, individuals may opt to omit the patronymic indicator and abbreviate the patronymic for ease of usage. For example, a former deputy minister of Malaysia Pathmanaban a/l Kunjamboo was more commonly referred to as K. Pathmanaban and veteran Singaporean politicians Shanmugam Kasiviswanathan and Suppiah Dhanabalan went by K. Shanmugam and S. Dhanabalan respectively. The individual may opt not to include "son of" or "daughter of" in their legal name, as in
2736-410: The beginning of central demographic records in the early modern period . The Vorname (in English forename ) is usually given to a child by the parents shortly after birth. It is common to give a child several Vornamen (forenames), one of them intended for everyday use and known as the Rufname ("appellation name" or "call name"). This Rufname is often underlined on official documents, as it
2808-490: The case of Shanmugam and Dhanabalan. In Brunei , the ruling family of the monarch uses given name + ibni + father's name instead of using bin/binti. In Indonesia, there are a number of ethnic groups with different naming systems. The Batak of North Sumatra (Sumatra Utara) give every child the family's name. Sometimes the family's name is prefixed by Huta-, Batu-, etc., but most use Si-, such as Sitanggang, Sihombing, Sibutar-butar, Sinaga, or Sitohang. The family's name
2880-486: The caste system is not perpetuated through the education system, aligning with the larger movement that has shaped Tamil Nadu's approach to names and identity over the past century. This final ruling serves as an important reminder of the state's commitment to dismantling caste-based identity and promoting a more egalitarian social structure, further cementing Tamil Nadu's unique position in its approach to names, identity, and social justice. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana,
2952-605: The contrary, those surnames most quickly recognized as probably Jewish in origin are distinctly poetical ones, probably as they were made-up choices by the people themselves (e.g. Rosenzweig ). Immigration, often sponsored by local authorities, also brought foreign family names into the German-speaking regions. Depending on regional history, geography and economics, many family names have French , Dutch , Italian , Hungarian or Slavic (e.g. Polish ) origins. Sometimes they survived in their original form; in other cases,
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3024-732: The exception of the upper and some middle-class families). After surnames were commonly adopted in Azerbaijan in the 1920s, patronymics still remained parts of full names, i.e. Sardar Ilyas oğlu Aliyev ("Sardar Aliyev, son of Ilyas"). Nowadays in Azerbaijan, patronymics sometimes replace surnames in unofficial use. Normally in such case, they are spelled as one word (i.e. Eldar Mammadoğlu , Sabina Yusifqızı ). Many Azeri surnames are also derived from Persian-style patronymics ending in -zadeh ( Kazimzadeh , Mehdizadeh , etc.). They are found among both Caucasian and Iranian Azeris. However, unlike
3096-482: The former, Azeris in Iran do not generally use patronymics in oglu / qizi . Azeri patronymics are not to be confused with Turkish surnames in -oğlu and Greek surnames in -ογλού ( -oglou ), which do not have specific female versions and do not reflect names of fathers. A common feature of historical Semitic names is use of a patronymic system. Since ancient times, men and women have been named using this system. This
3168-404: The full name is R. Nikhilesh and is seldom expanded, even in official records. Only if absolutely necessary, such as when applying for an Indian passport, which does not usually allow initials, is the initial expanded and the name rendered in reverse order as "Nikhilesh Rajaraman" or sometime in the original order as "Rajaraman Nikhilesh". Some families follow the tradition of retaining the name of
3240-429: The hometown, the grandfather's name, or both as initials. The celebrated Indian English novelist R. K. Narayan 's name at birth was Rasipuram Krishnaswami Ayyar Narayanaswami, which was shortened at the behest of his writer friend Graham Greene . Rasipuram is a toponym , and Krishnaswami Ayyar is a patronym. In Tamil Nadu, the patronymic naming convention diverges significantly from other regions of India, influenced by
3312-562: The introduction of the European-style surname system but still remains part of traditional cultural practices, particularly in the case of chieftains and royalty where reciting lineages forms a part of many ceremonial occasions. Atayal people 's given names are followed by the name of their father; both son and daughter use patronymics. Amis people 's sons’ given names are also followed by their father's name, while daughters’ given names are followed by their mother's name. By contrast,
3384-423: The local Standesamt (civil registry office). Although a 1980 law previously stated that the name must indicate the gender of the child, a 2008 court ruling unanimously upheld the right of parents to decide their child's name, stating that the only legal limitation is that the name does not negatively affect the well-being of the child. Among German nobility , a fashion arose in the early modern period to give
3456-530: The local dialects, such as the south German, Austrian and Swiss diminutive endings -l -el , -erl , -le or -li as in Kleibl , Schäuble or Nägeli (from 'Nagel', nail). The same is true for regional variants in the naming of professions. While a barrel-maker from Hamburg may have been called "Böttcher", a Bavarian could easily have been called "Schäffler". The surnames of the German Jews are
3528-454: The married name with hyphenation. In Switzerland (Art. 160 ZGB), the couple can opt to both retain their unmarried name, or the couple can choose to use either surname as their married name. If both retain their name, they need to declare which will be the surname of any future children. Titles of former aristocrats (like Graf for "Count") have become parts of the Nachname in Germany, giving longer names of several words, usually including
3600-502: The more widespread style of passing the father's last name to the children (and wife) as their own. In Iceland , family names are unusual; Icelandic law favours the use of patronyms (and more recently, matronyms) over family names. Traditionally Muslim and non-Arabic speaking African people, such as Hausa and Fulani people, usually (with some exceptions) follow the Arab naming pattern. The word or phrase meaning "son of" is, however, omitted. As such, Mohamed son of Ibrahim son of Ahmed
3672-576: The name-in-religion of their father. For example, the son of Ter (Reverend) Bartev would change his last name to Ter Bartevian. In Azeri , patronymics are formed through -oğlu (sometimes transliterated as ogly ) for males and qızı (often transliterated as gizi or kizi ) for females. Before the late 19th–early 20th century, patronymics were used as an essential part of a person's full name, i.e. Sərdar İlyas oğlu ("Sardar, son of Ilyas") and Mina Nebi qızı ("Mina, daughter of Nabi"), since surnames were mostly non-existent before Sovietization (with
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#17327942686953744-433: The naming pattern is a family name, given name and caste name in that order, but sometimes the caste name is omitted. If a name appears like Alugupally Sudhir Reddy, Alugupally is the family name, Sudhir is the given name and Reddy is the caste name. If you find a name like Gorle Sunil Kumar, Gorle is the family name, and Sunil Kumar the given name. Here, the caste name is omitted. Of late, some people are writing their names in
3816-648: The old rules of the German Empire in their publications. Most of these cases come about when a woman of noble descent marries a man with no title, and the two adopt the woman's name as their common Nachname , which was impossible under imperial law. Patronym Patronymics are used, by custom or official policy, in many countries worldwide, although elsewhere their use has been replaced by or transformed into patronymic surnames . Examples of such transformations include common English surnames such as Johnson (son of John). The usual noun and adjective in English
3888-496: The order of given name, caste name, and family name. Sometimes, the caste name is omitted here too. It can be seen in names like Satyanarayana Bandi, where Satyanarayana is the given name, and Bandi the family name. In Maharashtra , Karnataka, and Gujarat , a very common convention among the Hindu communities is to have the patronymic as the middle name. Examples: This system works for both boys and girls, except that after marriage,
3960-410: The own given name, and then the family name. In Iraq, for example, full names are formed by combining the given name of an individual with the given name of their father (sometimes the father is skipped and the paternal grandfather's given name is used instead, sometimes both father and paternal grandfather are used), along with the town, village, or clan name. For instance, Hayder Karar Hussein al-Mousawi
4032-455: The patronym serves as a marker of lineage or social status , Tamil Nadu's system allows for the patronym to change with each generation, ensuring that no permanent surname is passed down. This shift reflects the state's broader efforts to dismantle caste markers in society, a key initiative of the Dravidian movement led by figures like Periyar E.V. Ramasamy in the 20th century. However,
4104-1336: The patronymic system. The last one or two syllables of the father's name transfers to become the first one or two syllables of the son's name. The last one or two syllables of the son's name is then used as the first one or two syllables of the grandson's name. The naming tradition is closely tied to Tibeto-Burman traditions. This system can be seen in the names of Nanzhao, Dali and Lijiang rulers. Nanzhao kings: Xinuluo (細奴邏)－ Luo sheng (邏盛)－ Sheng luopi (盛邏皮)－ Pi luoge (皮邏閣)－ Ge luofeng (閣邏鳳)－ Feng jiayi (鳳迦異)－ Yi mouxun (異牟尋)－ Xun gequan (尋閣勸)－ Quan longsheng (勸龍晟) Dali kings: Duan Zhixiang (段智祥)－Duan Xiang xing (段祥興)－Duan Xing zhi (段興智) Regents of Dali Kingdom : Gao Shengtai (高升泰)－Gao Tai ming (高泰明)－Gao Ming shun (高明順)－Gao Shun zhen (高順貞)－Gao Zhen shou (高貞壽)－Gao Shou chang (高壽昌) Lijiang chiefs : A-ts'ung A-liang (阿琮阿良)－ A-liang A-hu (阿良阿胡)－ A-hu A-lieh (阿胡阿烈)－ A-lieh A-chia (阿烈阿甲)－ A-chia A-te (阿甲阿得)－ A-te A-ch'u (阿得阿初)－ A-ch'u A-t'u (阿初阿土)－ A-t'u A-ti (阿土阿地)－ A-ti A-hsi (阿地阿習)－ A-hsi A-ya (阿習阿牙)－ A-ya A-ch'iu (阿牙阿秋)－ A-ch'iu A-kung (阿秋阿公)－ A-kung A-mu (阿公阿目)－ A-mu A-tu (阿目阿都)－ A-tu A-sheng (阿都阿勝)－ A-sheng A-chai (阿勝阿宅)－ A-chai A-ssu (阿宅阿寺)－ A-ssu A-ch'un (阿寺阿春)－ A-ch'un A-su (阿春阿俗)－ A-su A-wei (阿俗阿胃)－ A-wei A-hui (阿胃阿揮)－ A-hui A-chu (阿揮阿住) A patronymic
4176-429: The practice has largely dropped off with the use of just the father's last name as a surname. Kalenjin use 'arap' meaning 'son of'; Kikuyu used 'wa' meaning 'of'. Because of polygamy, matronyms were also used and 'wa' used to identify which wife the child was born of; Maasai use 'ole' meaning 'son of'; Meru use 'mto' abbreviated M' thus son of Mkindia would be M'Mkindia, pronounced Mto Mkindia. Patronymic naming
4248-493: The regions of German-speaking Europe, especially visible in the forms of hypocorisms . These differences are still perceptible in the list of most popular names, even though they are marginalized by super-regional fashionable trends: As of 2012, the top ten given names of Baden-Württemberg (Southern Germany) and of Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany) share the entries Ben, Paul, Finn, Luca, Max (male), Mia, Emma, Lea, Leonie, Anna, Lena, Hanna , while Schleswig-Holstein retains
4320-502: The rest of the country where caste names are mostly employed as surnames. This came into common use during the 1950s and 1960s when the Dravidian movement campaigned against the use of one's caste as part of the name. However, rather than using the father's full name, only the first letter, popularly known as the initial, is prefixed to the given name. For example, if a person's given name is Nikhilesh and his father's Rajaraman , then
4392-549: The sole surname is also possible, with the example being named Adamu Abdulkabiru with "Abdulkabiru" acting as his surname. Somalis use their paternal grandfather's given name as their legal surname for documentation purposes. They also use the term "ina" or "iña" meaning "the son of" or "the daughter of," which is similar to other African and Arab naming patterns. For example, the name "Ahmed Mohamed Ali Farah" means "Ahmed son of Mohamed son of Ali son of Farah." When stating one's lineage, one will say "Ahmed ina Mohamed" (meaning Ahmed,
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#17327942686954464-497: The son of Mohamed). To identify themselves and the sub-clan they belong to, Somalis memorize their long lineage back to a common ancestor. Women never adopt their husband's patronym but keep their own for life. Among the Zulu , patronymics were used in the pre-colonial era. The prefix "ka" was attached to the father's name, for example Shaka kaSenzangakhona means Shaka son of Senzangakhona. The practice disappeared from everyday use with
4536-590: The spelling would be adapted to German (the Slavic ending ic becoming the German -itz or -itsch or Baltic "-kis" becoming "-ke"). Over time, the spelling often changed to reflect native German pronunciation ( Sloothaak for the Dutch Sloothaag ); but some names, such as those of French Huguenots settling in Prussia , retained their spelling but with the pronunciation that would come naturally to
4608-467: The suffix "-ian" was also appended to trades, as in Adakhtsakordz ian (issued from the carpenter), Chal ian (issued from the candlemaker), Darbin ian (issued from the smith). Of particular note are the surnames of the children of married priests, or kahanas . Though not as common nowadays, it was customary for a long time for these children (particularly the sons) to change their last names to
4680-560: The surname they want to use, including an option for men to keep their birthname hyphenated to the common family name in the same way. It is also possible for the spouses to do without a common surname altogether and to keep their birthnames. The most common given names are either Biblical (" Christian ", derived from names of Biblical characters or saints; Johann/Hans "John", Georg/Jörg "George", Jakob "Jacob" and "James"; Anna , Maria , Barbara , Christina ) or from Germanic names ( Friedrich "Frederick", Ludwig "Louis", etc.) Since
4752-529: The times of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Before that period, the use of patronymics was very limited. Patronymics are usually formed by the addition of "i" ("of", pronounced as ee ) to the father's name, e.g. if the father's name is "Armen", the corresponding patronymic would be "Armeni" (of Armen). The Russified version of the same patronymic would be "Armenovich" for males and "Armenovna" for females. After Armenia regained its independence from
4824-3183: The traditionally northern (Low German) forms Lasse (male) and Neele (female) in the top ten. The following table gives the most popular given names in Germany for every tenth year (since 1890). Anna, Martha / Marta, Frieda / Frida, Berta / Beertha, Emma, Marie, Maria, Margarethe / Margarete, Erna, Elsa Carl / Karl, Wilhelm, Otto, Heinrich, Friedrich, Paul, Hans, Gustav, Max, Ernst Anna, Martha / Marta, Frieda / Frida, Emma, Marie, Elisabeth, Maria, Berta / Bertha, Gertrud, Margarethe / Margarete Wilhelm, Carl / Karl, Heinrich, Hermann, Friedrich, Paul, Otto, Ernst, Hans, Walter / Walther Gertrud, Erna, Martha / Marta, Hertha / Herta, Margarethe / Margarete, Anna, Käthe, Elisabeth, Frieda / Frida, Hildegard, Walter / Walther, Carl / Karl, Hans, Wilhelm, Otto, Curt / Kurt, Heinrich, Hermann, Paul, Helmut / Helmuth Ilse, Hildegard, Gertrud, Irmgard, Gerda, Lieselotte, Elfriede, Ursula, Edith, Erna Hans, Carl / Karl, Heinz, Curt / Kurt, Werner, Walter / Walther, Günter / Günther, Herbert, Helmut / Helmuth, Gerhard, Rolf Ursula, Helga, Gisela, Inge, Gerda, Ingrid, Ingeborg, Ilse, Edith, Hildegard Günter / Günther, Hans, Carl / Karl, Heinz, Werner, Gerhard, Horst, Helmut / Helmuth, Walter / Walther, Curt / Kurt, Rolf Karin, Ingrid, Helga, Renate, Elke, Ursula, Erika, Christa, Gisela, Monika Peter, Klaus / Claus, Hans, Jürgen, Dieter, Günter / Günther, Horst, Manfred, Uwe, Wolfgang Brigitte, Renate, Karin, Angelika, Monika, Ursula, Ingrid, Marion, Barbara, Gisela, Regina Peter, Hans, Wolfgang, Klaus / Claus, Manfred, Jürgen, Michael, Bernd, Werner, Günter / Günther Sabine, Susanne, Petra, Birgit, Gabriele, Andrea, Martina, Ute, Heike, Angelika Thomas, Michael, Andreas, Peter, Frank, Uwe, Klaus / Claus, Stefan / Stephan, Jürgen, Jörg Nicole, Anja, Claudia, Stefanie / Stephanie, Andrea, Tanja, Katrin / Catrin / Kathrin, Susanne, Petra, Sabine Stefan / Stephan, Michael, Andreas, Thomas, Frank, Markus / Marcus, Christian, Oliver, Matthias, Torsten Julia, Katrin / Catrin / Kathrin, Stefanie / Stephanie, Melanie, Sandra, Anja, Nicole, Nadine, Christina, Sabrina Christian, Michael, Sebastian, Stefan / Stephan, Jan, Daniel, Martin, Dennis, Alexander, Thomas Julia, Sarah / Sara, Jennifer, Katharina, Lisa, Christina, Jessika / Jessica, Anna, Laura, Melanie Jan, Tobias, Christian, Alexander, Daniel, Patrick, Dennis, Sebastian, Marcel, Philipp Anna, Lea / Leah, Sarah / Sara, Hannah / Hanna, Michelle, Laura, Lisa, Lara, Lena, Julia Lukas / Lucas, Jan, Tim, Finn / Fynn, Leon, Niklas / Niclas, Tom, Jonas, Jannik / Yannik / Yannick / Yannic, Luca / Luka Mia, Hannah / Hanna, Lena, Lea / Leah, Emma, Anna, Leonie / Leoni, Lilli / Lilly / Lili, Emily / Emilie, Lina Leon, Lukas / Lucas, Ben, Finn / Fynn, Jonas, Paul, Luis / Louis, Maximilian, Luca / Luka, Felix Mia, Emilia, Hannah / Hanna, Emma, Sofia / Sophia, Lina, Ella, Mila, Clara, Lea / Leah Noah / Noa, Ben, Mateo / Matteo / Matheo / Mattheo, Finn / Fynn, Leon, Elias / Elyas, Paul, Henry / Henri, Luis / Louis, Felix Surnames ( family name ; Nachname , Familienname ) were gradually introduced in German-speaking Europe during
4896-564: The usage of caste names as surnames/last names is discouraged (but not banned) in Tamil Nadu, such usage by out-of-state people is greeted with indifference. So, Lakshmi Menon, Shilpa Shetty, etc. are referred by their preferred names which include their caste names. Likewise, old Tamil names with the caste in them are also fully used while referring to them such as Pasumpoan Muthuramalinga Thevar , U.Ve. Swaminatha Iyer , V.O Chidambaram Pillai etc. To further reinforce Tamil Nadu's efforts in promoting social equality through its naming conventions,
4968-579: The use of initials and surnames in Tamil Nadu remains flexible, leaving it to the individual's discretion. For instance, the late Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi preferred to be addressed as M. Karunanidhi, where "M" stood for his father, Muthuvel's, name. His son, M. K. Stalin , incorporates both his father's and grandfather's names, while Stalin's son chooses to go by Udhayanidhi Stalin , using his father’s name as his surname rather than as an initial. This flexibility extends beyond political figures. In sports, cricketer Ravichandran Ashwin , whose father's name
5040-532: Was baron of the village of Veltheim, his family name would be von Veltheim . In modern times, people who were elevated to nobility often had a 'von' added to their name. For example, Johann Wolfgang Goethe had his name changed to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . This practice ended with the abolition of the monarchy in Germany and Austria in 1919. Sometimes von is also used in geographical names that are not noble, as in von Däniken . With family names originating locally, many names display particular characteristics of
5112-594: Was not limited to any certain region or religion. It was only in the 17th and 18th centuries when laws were put in place in European nations demanded that those of Semitic descent abandoned the patronymic naming scheme in favor of consistent legal surnames. It was only after these laws were ratified that most of the Jews and Muslims in these nations received surnames. In Arabic, the word ibn ( ابن or بن : bin , ben and sometimes ibni and ibnu to show
5184-511: Was originally used to form adjectives with the sense 'pertaining to' (thus 'pertaining to the father's name'). These forms are attested in Hellenistic Greek as πατρώνυμος ( patrōnymos ) and πατρωνυμικός ( patrōnymikos ). The form patronym , first attested in English in 1834, was borrowed into English from French patronyme , which had previously borrowed the word directly from Greek. Patronymic , first attested in English in 1612, has
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