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47-545: The Freel Farm Mound is located on the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation. The site is currently inundated by Melton Hill Lake . At the time of excavation the mound was located on the William Freel farm 2 miles southeast of Scarboro, Tennessee. The site was located 1200 feet from the western side of the Clinch River in a wide valley with ridges to the east and west in a prominently wooded knoll. During

94-417: A household in the city was $ 32,481, and the median income for a family was $ 43,099. Males had a median income of $ 32,120 versus $ 23,550 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,730. About 11.8% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over. Clinton uses the council-manager government system, which

141-541: A state-supported public school in the Southeast. While the first day of classes occurred without incident, pro-segregation forces led by John Kasper and Asa Carter arrived in Clinton the following week and rallied the city's white citizens. Riots broke out in early September, forcing Governor Frank G. Clement to station National Guard units in Clinton throughout September. Sporadic violence and threats continued for

188-522: A total area of 12.0 square miles (31.1 km ), of which 11.4 square miles (29.6 km ) is land and 0.58 square miles (1.5 km ), or 4.91%, is water. The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Clinton has a Humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. As of

235-681: Is a hydroelectric dam on the Clinch River just south of Oak Ridge, Tennessee , United States. The dam is operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority , which built the dam in the early 1960s to extend the Tennessee Valley's continuous navigation channel up the Clinch as far as Clinton and to increase TVA's overall power-generating capacity. The dam impounds the 5,470-acre (2,210 ha) Melton Hill Lake, and

282-512: Is bigger than the typical 60x360-foot locks used by TVA's Tennessee River dams, allowing Melton Hill to accommodate several barges simultaneously. The lock was placed in service June 10, 1963. Clinton, Tennessee Clinton is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, Tennessee . Clinton is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area . Its population was 10,056 at the 2020 census . Prehistoric Native American habitation

329-664: Is located approximately 59 miles (95 km) upstream from the mouth of the Clinch at the Tennessee River . Clinton is surrounded by a series of long, narrow ridges that represent the western fringe of the Appalachian Ridge and Valley Province . Northwest of Clinton is Walden Ridge , the eastern escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau . Clinton is concentrated around the junction of Tennessee State Route 61 and U.S. Route 25W . State Route 61 connects

376-803: Is most likely Clinton was named after George Clinton, barring historical proof. The Clinton Engineer Works , named after Clinton, was the official name for the Manhattan Project site in Tennessee which produced the enriched uranium used in the 1945 bombing of Hiroshima , as well as the first examples of reactor-produced plutonium . The site was also known by the name of its largest township, Oak Ridge. The works were located starting about 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Clinton, continued for 10 miles (16 km) towards Kingston and contained roughly 58,900 acres (23,800 ha). In 1956, Clinton gained national attention when segregationists opposed

423-727: Is the newer of two dams on the lower Clinch, the other being Norris Dam , located 56 miles (90 km) upstream from Melton Hill. Melton Hill is a concrete gravity-type dam with an electric power generation capacity of 79 megawatts. The dam is 103 feet (31 m) high and stretches 1,020 feet (311 m) across the Clinch River. The dam is equipped with a 3-bay spillway that has a total discharge of 118,000 cubic feet (3,341 cubic meters) per second. Melton Hill Lake provides nearly 193 miles (311 km) of shoreline and 5,470 acres (22 km²) of water surface for navigation and recreation, and includes parts of Loudon, Roane, Anderson , and Knox counties. The reservoir stretches 56 miles (90 km) up

470-585: Is the only TVA tributary dam serviced by a navigation lock . The dam and associated infrastructure were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017. Melton Hill Dam was named for a knob atop nearby Copper Ridge where the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey installed a triangulation station in 1884. The Clinch River flows southwestward for 300 miles (480 km) from its source in southwestern Virginia through

517-418: The 2020 United States census , there were 10,056 people, 4,417 households, and 2,857 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,409 people, 4,201 households, and 2,688 families residing in the city. The population density was 862.8 inhabitants per square mile (333.1/km ). There were 4,441 housing units at an average density of 407.2 per square mile (157.2/km ). The racial makeup of

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564-404: The Clinch River , immediately downstream from a point where the southwestward-flowing river bends sharply to the northeast before wrapping around Lost Ridge and continuing again toward the southwest. This section of the river is technically part of Melton Hill Lake, a reservoir created by the impoundment of the Clinch at Melton Hill Dam some 35 miles (56 km) downstream from Clinton. Clinton

611-584: The Treaty of Tellico in 1798 (including an origination point for the land to be relinquished from the Cherokee being the Tellico Blockhouse ) allowed for greater ease in settling the area. Founded in 1801, the town of Burrville was named in honor of Aaron Burr , first-term Vice President under Thomas Jefferson . Land was selected and partitioned for a courthouse, and Burrville was designated as

658-431: The desegregation of Clinton High School . Following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education , a court order required the desegregation of the high school. Twelve African-American students enrolled in the high school in the fall of 1956. On August 27, 1956, The Clinton 12 attended classes at Clinton High School for the first time, becoming the first African-Americans to desegregate

705-502: The Clinch at Bull Bluff and Freels Bend, both approximately 20 miles (32 km) downstream from Clinton. By the time Euro-American explorers and longhunters arrived in the Clinch valley in the mid-18th century, what is now Anderson County was part of a vast stretch of land claimed by the Cherokee . Although the Treaty of Holston , signed in 1791, was intended as a negotiation with the Cherokee to prohibit Euro-American settlement of

752-463: The Clinch from the dam to the base of Norris Dam , and is navigable for 38 miles (61 km) from Melton Hill Dam to Clinton. Melton Hill is the only TVA dam on a tributary stream (i.e., not on the Tennessee River ) with a navigation lock. The lock is 75 feet (23 m) x 400 feet (120 m), and lowers and raises vessels 60 feet (18 m) between Melton Hill Lake and Watts Bar Lake and vice versa. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recognized

799-544: The Hollingsworth Foundation, which owns land for the site along with the Tennessee Valley Authority , plans for the park to give visitors access to hiking and mountain biking trails, event venues, kayak ports, and flower gardens. In October 2019, construction work began on the site of the park. Clinton is located at 36°6′17″N 84°7′43″W  /  36.10472°N 84.12861°W  / 36.10472; -84.12861 (36.104772, −84.128487), along

846-594: The Norris reservoir basin project area. In the 1930s as Norris Dam was being constructed the Tennessee Valley Authority sponsored an archaeological survey of the Norris basin. The survey had three key goals; the discovery of all prehistoric sites within the basin, the excavation of all sites found, the recovery and preservation of all information and material of archaeological value. The survey found 23 sites of prehistoric significance. Freel Farm mound

893-648: The area including what is today Anderson County, the treaty became ineffective as more settlers moved through the Appalachian Mountains from Virginia and North Carolina into Tennessee. The earliest settlers in Anderson County included the Wallace, Gibbs, Freels, Frost and Tunnell families. The flooding of white settlers into the Indian domain was cause for several skirmishes, which eased after

940-443: The center of the mound. In this grave was "Burial No. 17", the body had been covered by large stones. The stone pile was stacked to form a circular shape that measured 16 feet and 4 inches in diameter and rose above the original ground surface approximately 1 foot. "Burial No. 17" and the stone circle made up the original increment of the construction site. The earth on top of the stones was added as additional bodies were interred into

987-524: The city to Norris and Andersonville to the northeast and the community of Marlow and the town of Oliver Springs to the southwest, following a natural series of pathways through the mountain terrain. U.S. Route 25W connects the city to Knoxville to the southeast and Rocky Top and Caryville to the north. Interstate 75 intersects TN-61 northeast of downtown Clinton. According to the United States Census Bureau , Clinton has

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1034-543: The city was 95.47% White , 2.72% African American , 0.33% Native American , 0.38% Asian , 0.28% from other races , and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population. There were 4,201 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who

1081-485: The community of Bethel. The initiative met with opposition from local and environmental groups, who were concerned that the plant would release cancer-causing toxins into nearby residential neighborhoods. Others were concerned about plummeting property values, noise pollution, damage from rock blasting, and environmental damage to Buffalo Creek. The company argued that it would follow stringent environmental and pollution guidelines, retention ponds would limit runoff, and that

1128-535: The county seat for the newly formed Anderson County. The county was partitioned from portions of Grainger County and Knox County in 1801; neighboring Roane County was also formed from a portion of Knox County in 1801. On November 8, 1809, by an act of the Tennessee State Legislature, the town of Burrville was renamed because of the disgrace of the Burr–Hamilton duel , which resulted in

1175-553: The dam on September 6, 1960. The construction of Melton Hill Dam and its reservoir required the purchase of 6,182 acres (2,502 ha) of land, 2,182 acres (883 ha) of which— mostly situated along the river's west bank immediately upstream from the dam site— were in possession of the Atomic Energy Commission . The commission agreed to give this land to TVA in exchange for lands further downstream along Watts Bar Lake. The AEC also agreed to pay for

1222-500: The dam potential of the Melton Hill site as early as the 1920s, and the Tennessee Valley Authority began investigating the site as part of its lower Clinch Valley surveys in the late 1930s. TVA first proposed the Melton Hill project in 1957, and after several years of lobbying, Congress agreed to fund the dam's construction. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the funding bill into law on September 2, 1960, and TVA began building

1269-491: The death of Alexander Hamilton . The selection of the name "Clinton" was most likely to honor George Clinton or his nephew, DeWitt Clinton . George Clinton was one of Burr's New York political rivals who, along with Alexander Hamilton , destroyed Burr's bid for the governorship of New York after his single-term vice presidency. George Clinton succeeded Burr as the second-term vice president for Jefferson in 1805 (and also served as James Madison 's vice president, making Clinton

1316-524: The downtown area, and a waterfront esplanade and multi-story mixed-use buildings with upper-level residential space and ground level retail and restaurant space. Since 2018, an unknown developer based out of Knoxville has planned, under contract, the purchase of the Magnet Mills site along with a nearby plot of land with the intention of converting the area into a mix of residential and retail use. The City of Clinton has also applied for grants towards

1363-614: The excavation of the site and A.P. Taylor served as the field supervisor. In the 1960s the construction of the Melton Hill Dam to the south of Oak Ridge, Tennessee caused the water levels along the Clinch River to rise permanently submerging the Freel Farm mound. The mound was staked into 5-foot squares, along the cardinal directions. The northeastern stake was designated as the zero stake. The squares were designated southward by integers and westward by decimals. Stratification

1410-487: The excavation the mound resided on land that had been owned by the Freel family for over 135 years. The field surrounding the mound had been traditionally farmed; however the mound itself had never been disturbed. Webb described the mound as covered with undergrowth and having eight large trees growing from it. The largest tree was a white oak that measured 23 inches in diameter. The roots from the trees had extensively penetrated

1457-641: The farm, TVA purchased and paid for the re-seeding of an 886-acre (359 ha) plot nearby above reservoir operating levels. Melton Hill Dam was completed and its gates closed on May 1, 1963. Its first generator went online July 3, 1964, and its second generator went online November 11, 1964. The dam's lock was designed by the Army Corps of Engineers, which based the design on the Corps' Old Hickory Dam lock in Middle Tennessee. The Melton Hill lock

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1504-444: The first vice president to serve under two presidents and the first vice president to die in office). Because of the political position of George Clinton as vice president at the time of Burrville's name change, compared to DeWitt Clinton's position as the mayor of New York City , most likely the residents of the town of Burrville would have been more readily identifiable and more honorable toward George Clinton than DeWitt; therefore, it

1551-529: The hills of northeastern Tennessee before emptying into the Tennessee River at Kingston . Melton Hill Dam is located 23 miles (37 km) upstream from the mouth of the Clinch, stretching across the Roane - Loudon county line. Melton Hill's tailwaters are part of Watts Bar Lake , a main Tennessee River channel impoundment that extends across the lower 23 miles (37 km) of the Clinch. Melton Hill

1598-402: The improvement of the streets and sidewalks in the city's downtown area. In July 2019, the remaining structures of Magnet Mills site, excluding the water tower, were demolished as the developer closed the sale on mill site. In early 2019, Aspire, a 450-acre multi-amenity park, was planned for development south of Clinton's downtown area. The park, proposed by the local non-profit organization,

1645-462: The mound. The mound is associated with the Late Woodland period and was likely created between 500-1000 CE. The basis of this assessment is related to the burial practices of the individuals within the mound. The differences in the mortuary treatment of individuals at Freel Farm mound indicate a non-egalitarian society had formed. Freel Farm mound was excavated in 1934 due to its location in

1692-403: The mound. A part of the mound on the western side had been removed to create a dirt road. The mound was circular shaped with a diameter of 40 feet and a height of eight feet above the original ground surface at its midpoint. It was created from hard-packed yellow clay with small specs of charcoal inside. The mound had one indication of a grave excavation below the original forest ground level near

1739-415: The mound. The burials and the stacked stone circle were the outstanding features discovered in the mound. It was also determined during the excavation that the yellow clay used to cover the mound was clean and brought in to cover the bodies laid on the surface. 17 burials were found within the mound. Webb numbered the burials in the order in which they were found. Melton Hill Lake Melton Hill Dam

1786-628: The next two years, culminating in the bombing of Clinton High School on October 5, 1958. With an influx of outside aid, however, the school was quickly rebuilt. A museum dedicated to the desegregation crisis, the Green McAdoo Cultural Center, is housed in Clinton's segregation-era Green McAdoo School . In the 1990s, the Rogers Group, a firm specializing in road paving, began a campaign to reactivate an abandoned quarry and build an asphalt plant just east of Clinton near

1833-501: The proposal to redevelop the downtown and waterfront area of Clinton after the Tennessee Department of Transportation began construction on a new bridge to carry US 25W - SR 9 across the Clinch River. The highlight of the project is the 7-acre site of the former Magnet Mills complex, having 1,400 feet of Clinch River frontage. Proposed additions to the site include improved commercial development and pedestrian access in

1880-665: The reconstruction of Oak Ridge's raw water intake after TVA accused them of building it without their approval, in violation of the TVA Act. 89 families and 12.5 miles (20.1 km) of roads were relocated. The project's most problematic relocation issue involved an experimental farm operated by the Agricultural Research Laboratory, a joint initiative of the AEC and the University of Tennessee . To replace

1927-482: The site would be surrounded by vegetation. Nevertheless, Anderson County refused to rezone the quarry property for industrial uses, and Rogers Group sued the county in 1995. In December 2006, after Rogers Group's lawsuit had stagnated, the city of Clinton voted to annex the quarry property. On August 20, 2007, the Clinton City Council voted 6–1 to rezone the quarry property for industrial uses, paving

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1974-505: The way for the plant's construction. In response, a local advocacy group known as Citizens for Safety and Clean Air filed a lawsuit on behalf of several Bethel residents in Anderson County Chancery Court contending that the council's rezoning was unconstitutional and seeking an injunction preventing the council from rezoning the property as an industrial zone. In 2018, urban developers and city officials met with

2021-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.78. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males. The median income for

2068-524: Was common throughout the Clinch River valley, especially during the Woodland period (1000 B.C. – 1000 A.D.) and the Mississippian period (1000–1550 A.D.). A number of such habitation sites were excavated in the 1930s and 1950s in anticipation of the construction of Norris Dam and Melton Hill Dam , respectively. The Melton Hill excavations uncovered two substantial Woodland period villages along

2115-553: Was established in 1890 when the city was incorporated. Clinton is governed by a seven-member city council composed of the mayor and six council members. Clinton is represented in the Tennessee House of Representatives in the 33rd district by John Ragan , a Republican . In the Tennessee State Senate , the city is represented by the 5th district by Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee Randy McNally , also

2162-416: Was not discernible and there was no evidence of intrusion. Care was taken to maintain vertical profiles every five feet and to keep a clean floor in the trench going down to the hardpan. The excavation revealed no evidence of midden material. Also no potsherds were found in the mound. There was no evidence on the site of any structures and very little information that would give any information as to who built

2209-572: Was the 22nd site. The location of the mound was actually downstream of Norris Dam and would not have been affected by the collecting waters, but was excavated due to its proximity to the basin. The Tennessee Valley Authority, along with the Civil Works Administration, and the Federal Relief Administration hired T.M.N. Lewis to oversee the archaeological survey. Lewis served as a district supervisor on

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