The French Antarctic Expedition is any of several French expeditions in Antarctica .
66-605: In 1837, during an 1837–1840 expedition across the deep southern hemisphere, Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville sailed his ship Astrolabe along a coastal area of Antarctica which he later named Adélie Land , in honor of his wife. During the Antarctic part of this expedition, Dumont d'Urville team performed the first experiments to determine the approximate position of the South magnetic pole , and landed on Débarquement Rock in
132-532: A Norwegian diver who inspected the damaged hull of the Pourquoi-Pas at Deception Island . Marguerite Bay was discovered in 1909 and Charcot named the bay after his wife. Jenny Island , in Marguerite Bay, was discovered and named by Charcot for the wife of Sub-Lieutenant Maurice Bongrain, second officer of the expedition. The name "Pavie" was given in 1909 to an island, or possible cape, shown on
198-409: A city founded in 1584 as part of a failed Spanish colonization attempt to control the passage through the strait. An expedition report recommended that a French colony be established at the strait to support future traffic along the route. The strait was eventually settled by Chile in 1843 . Two weeks after seeing their first iceberg , Astrolabe and Zélée found themselves entangled again in
264-770: A corridor in the pack ice to free them. After reaching the South Orkney Islands , the expedition headed directly to the South Shetland Islands and the Bransfield Strait separating them from Antarctica. In spite of thick fog they located some land only sketched on the maps, which Dumont named Terre de Louis-Philippe (now called Graham Land ), the Joinville Island group and Rosamel Island (now called Andersson Island ). Conditions on board had rapidly deteriorated: most of
330-452: A mass of ice on 1 January 1838. The same night the pack ice prevented the ships from continuing to the south. In the next two months Dumont led increasingly desperate attempts to find a passage through the ice so that he could reach the desired latitude. For a while the ships managed to keep to an ice-free channel, but shortly afterwards they became trapped again, after a wind change. Five days of continuous work were necessary in order to open
396-506: A misunderstanding. On 1 February, Dumont decided to turn to the north heading for Hobart, which the two ships reached 17 days later. They were present for the arrival of the two ships of James Ross 's expedition to Antarctica, HMS Terror and HMS Erebus . On 25 February, the schooners sailed towards the Auckland Islands , where they carried out magnetic measurements and they left a commemorative plate of their visit (as had
462-529: A new expedition to the Pacific. King Louis Philippe approved the plan, but he ordered that the expedition aim for the South Magnetic Pole and to claim it for France; if that was not possible, Dumont's expedition was asked to equal the most southerly latitude of 74°34'S achieved in 1823 by James Weddell . Thus France became part of the international competition for polar exploration, along with
528-657: A new, magnificent statue for the Louvre in Paris. On his return from the voyage of Chevrette , Dumont was sent to the naval archive, where he encountered Lieutenant Louis-Isidore Duperrey , a past acquaintance. The two began to plan an expedition of exploration in the Pacific, an area out of which France had been forced during the Napoleonic Wars . France considered it might be able to regain some of its losses by taking over part of New South Wales . On 11 August 1822,
594-507: A pause near the island of Milos , the local French representative brought to Dumont's attention the rediscovery of a marble statue a few days before (8 April 1820) by a local peasant . The statue, now known as the Venus de Milo , dates from around the year 130 BC. Dumont recognised its value and would have acquired it immediately, but the ship's commander pointed out that there was not enough space on board for an object of its size. Moreover,
660-478: A timid young man, very serious and studious, little interested in amusements and much more interested in studies than in military matters. In 1808, he obtained the grade of first-class candidate. At the time the neglected French navy was of a much lower quality than Napoleon 's Grande Armée , and its ships were blockaded in their ports by the absolute domination of the British Royal Navy . Dumont
726-503: A young age while his father was aboard La Coquille and the second, also called Jules, on the return of his father after four years away. Dumont d'Urville passed a short period with his family before returning to Paris, where he was promoted to captain and he was put in charge of writing the report of his travels. The five volumes were published at the expense of the French government between 1832 and 1834. During these years d'Urville, who
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#1732772852139792-890: Is also named after him, as is the Rue Dumont d'Urville, a street near the Champs-Élysées in the 8th arrondissement of Paris , and the Lycée Dumont D'Urville in Caen . Dumont d'Urville himself named Pepin Island in New Zealand and Adélie Land in Antarctica after his wife, and Croisilles Harbour for his mother's family. A French naval transport ship employed in French Polynesia is named after him; as
858-553: Is remarkably accurate given the means of the time. In the following days the expedition followed the coast westward then led for the first time some experiments to determine the approximate position of the South magnetic pole . They sighted the American schooner Porpoise of the United States Exploring Expedition commanded by Charles Wilkes on 30 January 1840, but failed to communicate due to
924-545: The East Indies to Tasmania some of the crew were lost to tropical fevers and dysentery (14 men and 3 officials); but for Dumont the worst moment during the expedition was at Valparaíso , where he received a letter from his wife that informed him of the death of his second son from cholera. Adélie's sorrowful demand that he return home coincided with a deterioration in his health: Dumont was more and more often hit by attacks of gout and stomach pains. On 12 December 1839
990-555: The East Indies , the mission would have to round the Cape of Good Hope and return to France. Early in the voyage, part of the crew was involved in a drunken brawl and arrested in Tenerife . A short pause was made in Rio de Janeiro to disembark a sick official. During the first part of the voyage there were also problems of provisioning, particularly rotten meat, which affected the health of
1056-483: The Géologie Archipelago , ( 66°36′19″S 140°4′0″E / 66.60528°S 140.06667°E / -66.60528; 140.06667 ) just 4 km from the mainland, where he took mineral and animal samples. On his return to France in 1840 he was made rear admiral . Jean-Baptiste Charcot was appointed leader of a 1904–1907 French Antarctic Expedition, aboard the ship Français , exploring
1122-583: The Mediterranean Sea . In 1815, he married Adèle Pepin , daughter of a clockmaker from Toulon. who was openly disliked by Dumont's mother, who thought her inappropriate for her son and refused to meet her. In 1819, Dumont d'Urville sailed on board Chevrette , under the command of Captain Gauttier-Duparc , to carry out a hydrographic survey of the islands of the Greek archipelago. During
1188-505: The Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris with more than 1,200 specimens of insects, covering 1,100 insect species (including 300 previously unknown species). The scientists Georges Cuvier and François Arago analysed the results of his searches and praised Dumont. As a botanist and cartographer, Dumont d'Urville left his mark on New Zealand. He gave his name to the genus of seaweeds Durvillaea , which includes southern bull-kelp;
1254-666: The Sultan in Constantinople. The French ambassador's representative arrived just as the statue was being loaded aboard a ship bound for Constantinople and persuaded the island's primates (chief citizens) to annul the sale and honour the first offer. This earned Dumont the title of Chevalier ( knight ) of the Légion d'honneur , the attention of the French Academy of Sciences and promotion to lieutenant ; and France gained
1320-467: The Trojan Range was named after the expedition ship Français . Lavoisier Island was named 'Ile Nansen' after Fridtjof Nansen , Norwegian Arctic explorer. The name was changed in 1960 to avoid confusion with nearby Nansen Island , so named in 1898 by a Belgian expedition . Bonaparte Point ( 64°47′S 64°05′W / 64.783°S 64.083°W / -64.783; -64.083 )
1386-510: The lycée Impérial in Caen . In the library of Caen, he read the Encyclopédistes and the reports of travel of Bougainville , Cook and Anson , and he became passionate about these matters. At the age of 17 years he failed the physical tests of the entrance exam to the École polytechnique and he therefore decided to enlist in the navy. In 1807, Dumont was admitted to the École navale at Brest where he presented himself as
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#17327728521391452-477: The 1837–1840 expedition as " TA 1 " ("TA" is for: "Terre Adélie", Adélie Land in French), while the 1951–1953 expedition is " TA 5 ". The next expedition in 1956 is " TA 6 ". Jules Dumont d%27Urville#Second voyage of Astrolabe Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville ( French pronunciation: [ʒyl dymɔ̃ dyʁvil] ; 23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French explorer and naval officer who explored
1518-640: The Antarctic with Astrolabe only, in order to attempt to reach the South Magnetic Pole around longitude 140°. A deeply wounded Captain Jacquinot urged the hiring of a number of replacements (generally deserters from a French whaler anchored in Hobart) and convinced him to reconsider his intentions; Astrolabe and Zelée both left Hobart on 1 January 1840. Dumont's plan was very simple: to head south, wind conditions permitting. The first days of
1584-416: The Pacific, thanks to his prodigious memory, he would acquire some knowledge of an immense number of dialects of Polynesia and Melanesia . Meanwhile, ashore at Toulon, he learnt about botany and entomology in long excursions in the hills of Provence and he studied in the nearby naval observatory . Finally in 1814, when Napoleon had been exiled to Elba , Dumont undertook his first short navigation of
1650-630: The United States and the United Kingdom. Dumont was initially unhappy with the modifications made to his proposal. He had little interest in polar exploration and preferred tropical routes. But soon his vanity took over and he saw the opportunity for achieving a prestigious objective. The two ships, Astrolabe and Zélée were prepared for the voyage at Toulon. The Astrolabe was commanded by Dumont d'Urville, and Gaston de Roquemaurel as second, and La Zélée by Charles Hector Jacquinot. In
1716-576: The coastline). On their return trip from Antarctica, a party was briefly landed on 3 March 1949 on Sabrina Island , one of the Balleny Islands . The expedition also visited the newly-established Australian base of Macquarie Island , where they made a depot of 7,000 L fuel. André-Frank Liotard returned to Adélie Land in 1949–1951, again aboard Commandant Charcot . Eleven of the expedition party and 28 dogs were put ashore, and Port Martin Station
1782-678: The commander of Porpoise previously), in which they announced the discovery of the South Magnetic Pole. They returned via New Zealand, the Torres Strait , Timor , Réunion , Saint Helena and finally Toulon, returning on 6 November 1840, the last French expedition of exploration to sail. On his return Dumont d'Urville was promoted to rear admiral and was awarded the Gold Medal of the Société de Géographie (Geographical Society of Paris), later becoming its president. He then took over
1848-782: The course of the preparation Dumont also went to London to acquire documentation and instrumentation, meeting the British Admiralty 's oceanographer , Francis Beaufort and the President of the Royal Geographical Society , John Washington, both strong supporters of the British expeditions to the South Pole. Astrolabe and Zélée sailed from Toulon on 7 September 1837, after three weeks of delay compared to Dumont's plans. His objectives were to reach
1914-564: The court of Condé. His mother Jeanne Françoise Victoire Julie (1754–1832) came from Croisilles, Calvados , and was a rigid and formal woman from an ancient family of the rural nobility of Lower Normandy. The child was weak and often sickly. After the death of his father when he was six, his mother's brother, the Abbot of Croisilles , played the part of his father and from 1798 took charge of his education. The Abbot taught him Latin , Greek , rhetoric and philosophy . From 1804 Dumont studied at
1980-466: The crew had obvious symptoms of scurvy and the main decks were covered by smoke from the ships' fires and bad smells and became unbearable. At the end of February 1838, Dumont accepted that he was not able to continue further south, and he continued to doubt the actual latitude reached by Weddell. He therefore directed the two ships towards Talcahuano , in Chile, where he established a temporary hospital for
2046-586: The crew members affected by scurvy. During months of exploration in the Pacific, the ship visited many islands in Polynesia. On their arrival in the Marquesas Islands , the crews found ways "to socialise" with the islanders. Dumont's moral conduct was irreproachable, but he provided a highly summarised description of some incidents of their stay in Nuku Hiva in his reports. During the voyage from
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2112-518: The crew. At the end of November, the ships reached the Strait of Magellan. Dumont thought there was sufficient time to explore the strait for three weeks, taking into account the precise maps drawn by Phillip Parker King in HMS ; Beagle between 1826 and 1830, before heading south again. In the Strait of Magellan Dummont surveyed the coast trying to find out the ruins of Ciudad Rey Don Felipe ,
2178-729: The end of the practice in France of locking passengers in their train compartments. He is the author of The New Zealanders: A story of Austral lands – likely to be the first novel written about fictional Maori characters. Later, in honour of his many valuable chartings, the D'Urville Sea off Antarctica; D'Urville Island in the Joinville Island group in Antarctica; D'Urville Wall on the David Glacier in Antarctica, Cape d'Urville, Irian Jaya , Indonesia; Mount D'Urville , Auckland Island; and D'Urville Island in New Zealand were named after him. The Dumont d'Urville Station on Antarctica
2244-662: The expedition explored the Bellingshausen Sea , the Amundsen Sea , and discovered, charted and named several features. Loubet Land was named for Émile Loubet , the President of France during Charcot's earlier expedition. Charcot Island was named for the Captain himself. The expedition moored aboard ship in a cove on the southeast side of Petermann Island , which they named Port Circumcision because it
2310-419: The expedition was likely to proceed through stormy seas that could damage it. Dumont then wrote to the French ambassador to Constantinople about its discovery. Chevrette arrived in Constantinople on 22 April and Dumont succeeded in convincing the ambassador to acquire the statue. Meanwhile, the peasant had sold the statue to a priest, Macario Verghis, who wished to present it as a gift to an interpreter for
2376-404: The expedition's maps at 68°27′S 66°40′W / 68.450°S 66.667°W / -68.450; -66.667 . Viewed from a position some 15 to 17 miles southeast of Jenny Island, expedition surveyor Maurice Bongrain made sketches of this feature which were labeled both "Île Pavie" and "Cap Pavie". The area later became known as Pavie Ridge . Adelaide Island was first surveyed by
2442-544: The expedition. This aborted expedition was led by André-Frank Liotard in 1948–1949. With a total of 62 members, 30 dogs, and 200 tons of equipment aboard Commandant Charcot , it was planned to leave a party of eleven in Adélie Land , where a base was to be constructed. But, with heavy ice pack in February 1949, the ship could never reach the Antarctic coast (southernmost point: latitude 66°11', an estimated 45 miles from
2508-572: The expedition. They also discovered Millerand Island , which was likely named for Alexandre Millerand , French statesman. Douglas Range was seen from a distance. Rothschild Island was named after Baron Edouard Alphonse de Rothschild (1868–1949), head of the French branch of the Rothschild family and president of the Rothschild Brothers bank. The northern portion of Wilkins Sound was first seen and roughly mapped in 1910 by
2574-994: The first relief maps of the Loyalty Islands (part of French New Caledonia ) and explored the coasts of New Guinea . He identified the site of La Pérouse's shipwreck in Vanikoro (one of the Santa Cruz Islands , part of the archipelago of the Solomon Islands ) and collected numerous remains of his boats. The voyage continued with the mapping of part of the Caroline Islands and the Moluccas . Astrolabe returned to Marseille on 25 March 1829, with an impressive load of hydrographical papers and collections of zoological , botanical and mineralogical reports, which were destined to strongly influence
2640-562: The island is its northernmost point, Cape Byrd . Charcot Island was discovered on 11 January 1910 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot , who, at the insistence of his crew and the recommendation of Edwin S. Balch and others, named it Charcot Land. He did so with the stated intention of honoring his father, Jean-Martin Charcot , a famous French physician. [1] The insularity of Charcot Land
2706-569: The leadership of Mario Marret. They were relieved in early 1953. This marks the end of French winterings in Adélie Land before the permanent Dumont d'Urville Station was established in 1956 on Petrel Island , replacing the old base built there in 1952. The French Polar Expeditions , which have carried out logistics in Adélie Land as of 1948, have adopted a numbering that leaves out Jean-Baptiste Charcot 's two voyages of exploration because they do not concern Adélie Land. Thus, they refer to
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2772-460: The leadership of René Garcia; the other in a hut to be erected in the Géologie Archipelago , some 65 km to the west of Port Martin, where an Emperor penguin rookery had been discovered by the 1949–1951 expedition. A fire destroyed Port Martin on 23 January 1952 on the eve the ship Tottan left, and the expedition main party had to re-embark. A small group of seven men decided however to be put ashore at Pointe Géologie , where they wintered under
2838-525: The loss of a daughter from cholera) and happy events (notably the birth of another son, Émile) but with the constant and nearly obsessive thought of a third expedition to the Pacific, analogous to James Cook's third voyage. He looked again at Astrolabe ' s travel notes, and found a gap in the exploration of Oceania and, in January 1837, he wrote to the Navy Ministry suggesting the opportunity for
2904-576: The middle of a mass of ice. On 20 January the expedition crossed the Antarctic Circle , with celebrations similar to crossing of the Equator ceremonies , and they sighted land the same afternoon. The two ships slowly sailed to the West, skirting walls of ice, and on 22 January, just before 9 in the evening, some members of the crew disembarked on the north-westernmost and highest islet of
2970-611: The most southerly point possible at this time in the Weddell Sea ; to pass through the Strait of Magellan ; to travel up the coast of Chile in order to head for Oceania with the objective of inspecting the new British colonies in Western Australia; to sail to Hobart ; and to sail to New Zealand to find opportunities for French whalers and to examine places where a penal colony might be established. After passing through
3036-510: The narrow and treacherous French Pass and mapped d'Urville Island , which James Cook had mapped as being part of the mainland. Astrolabe sailed up the east coast of the North Island , creating comprehensive coastline maps of New Zealand. The ship spent six days in the Bay of Islands taking on food and water before sailing for Tonga . Astrolabe visited Fiji , then Dumont executed
3102-545: The return to France in March 1825, Lesson and Dumont brought an imposing collection of animals and plants collected on the Falkland Islands , on the coasts of Chile and Peru , in the archipelagos of the Pacific and New Zealand , New Guinea , and Australia . Dumont was now 35 and in poor health. On board Coquille , he had behaved as a competent official, but disinclined to military discipline and subordination. On
3168-425: The return to France, Duperrey and Dumont were promoted to commander . On Coquille , Dumont tried to reconcile his responsibilities as second in command with his need to carry out scientific work. He was in charge of carrying out research in the fields of botany and entomology. La Coquille brought back to France specimens of more than 3,000 species of plants, 400 of which were previously unknown, enriching moreover
3234-618: The rocky group of Dumoulin Islands , at 500–600 m from the icy coast of the Astrolabe Glacier Tongue of the time, today about 4 km north from the glacier extremity near Cape Géodésie , and hoisted the French tricolour . Dumont named the archipelago Pointe Géologie and the land beyond, Terre Adélie The map of the coast drawn under sail by the hydrographer Clément Adrien Vincendon-Dumoulin [ fr ]
3300-486: The scientific analysis of those regions. Following this expedition, he invented the terms Malaisia, Micronesia and Melanesia , distinguishing these Pacific cultures and island groups from Polynesia . Dumont's health was by now weakened by years of a poor diet. He suffered from kidney and stomach problems and from intense attacks of gout. During the first thirteen years of their marriage, half of which passed far apart, Adélie and Jules had two sons. The first one died at
3366-413: The seaweed Grateloupia urvilleana ; the species of grass tree Dracophyllum urvilleanum ; the shrub Hebe urvilleana and the buttercup Ranunculus urvilleanus . Two months after Dumont d'Urville returned on La Coquille , he presented to the Navy Ministry a plan for a new expedition, which he hoped to command, as his relationship with Duperrey had deteriorated. The proposal was accepted and La Coquille
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#17327728521393432-422: The ship Coquille sailed from Toulon with the objective of collecting as much scientific and strategic information as possible on the area to which it was dispatched. Duperrey was named Commander of the expedition because he was four years older than Dumont. Dumont discovered the Adélie penguin , which is named after his wife. René-Primevère Lesson travelled on Coquille as a naval doctor and naturalist. On
3498-424: The south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica . As a botanist and cartographer, he gave his name to several seaweeds, plants and shrubs, and places such as d'Urville Island in New Zealand. Dumont was born at Condé-sur-Noireau in Lower Normandy . His father, Gabriel Charles François Dumont, sieur d'Urville (1728–1796), Bailiff of Condé-sur-Noireau, was, like his ancestors, responsible to
3564-487: The two corvettes landed at Hobart , where the sick and the dying were treated. Dumont was received by John Franklin , Governor of Tasmania and an Arctic explorer who later perished on the infamous Franklin Expedition , from whom he learned that the ships of the American expedition led by Charles Wilkes were berthed in Sydney waiting to sail south. Seeing the consistent reduction of the crews, decimated by misfortunes, Dumont expressed his intention to leave this time for
3630-645: The vicinity in 1832. While the name "Presqu'ile de Biscoe" has not endured, the resurvey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1955 named Biscoe Point for the rocky point found in the approximate location of Charcot's Presqu'ile. Loubet Land was explored in January 1905 and named after Émile Loubet , then President of France . Rabot Island was first charted by the expedition and named after Charles Rabot . They mapped Watkins Island but did not name it. They also charted Arthur Harbour . Mount Francais ( 64°38′S 63°27′W / 64.633°S 63.450°W / -64.633; -63.450 ) in
3696-418: The voyage mainly involved the crossing of twenty degrees and a westerly current; on board there were further misfortunes, including the loss of a man. Crossing the 50°S parallel, they experienced unexpected falls in the air and water temperatures. After completing the crossing of the Antarctic Convergence , on 16 January 1840, at 60°S they sighted the first iceberg and two days later the ships found themselves in
3762-436: The wagons rolled and the tender 's coal ended up on the front of the train and caught fire. Dumont's whole family died in the flames of the first French railway disaster , generally known as the Versailles rail accident . Dumont's remains were identified by Pierre-Marie Alexandre Dumoutier, a doctor on board the Astrolabe and a phrenologist . Dumont was buried in the cemetery of Montparnasse in Paris. This tragedy led to
3828-410: The west coast of Graham Land portion of the Antarctic Peninsula . The expedition reached Adelaide Island in 1905 and took pictures of the Palmer Archipelago and Loubet Coast . They roughly surveyed, the SW coast of Anvers Island in 1904. They gave the name "Presqu'ile de Biscoe" to a small peninsula on the SE side of Biscoe Bay , adding to the honours for John Biscoe – who may have landed in
3894-424: The writing of the report of the expedition, Voyage au pôle Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée 1837–1840 , which was published between 1841 and 1854 in 24 volumes, plus seven more volumes with illustrations and maps. On 8 May 1842, Dumont and his family boarded a train from Versailles to Paris after seeing water games celebrating the king. Near Meudon the train's locomotive derailed,
3960-522: Was a 1931 sloop which served in World War II . Charcot Island Charcot Island or Charcot Land is an island administered under the Antarctic Treaty System, 56 kilometres (30 nmi) long and 46 kilometres (25 nmi) wide, which is ice covered except for prominent mountains overlooking the north coast. Charcot Island lies within the Bellingshausen Sea , 102 kilometres (55 nmi) west of Alexander Island , and about 57 kilometres (31 nmi) north of Latady Island . A notable landmark of
4026-497: Was already a poor diplomat, became more irascible and rancorous as a result of his gout, and lost the sympathy of the naval leadership. In his report, he criticised harshly the military structures, his colleagues, the French Academy of Sciences and even the King – none of whom, in his opinion, had given the voyage of Astrolabe due acknowledgment. In 1835, Dumont was directed to return to Toulon to engage in "down to earth" work and spent two years, marked by mournful events (notably
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#17327728521394092-437: Was charted and named for Prince Roland Bonaparte , then President of the Paris Geographical Society . Logistics support for this expedition was provided by the Argentine Navy ( Armada de la República Argentina ), employing the legendary corvette ARA Uruguay . Within a year of returning from the Second Expedition, Charcot commanded a new expedition from 1908 to 1911. Sailing on the ship Pourquoi-Pas? IV (Why Not? IV),
4158-592: Was confined to land like his colleagues and spent the first years in the navy studying foreign languages. In 1812, after having been promoted to ensign and finding himself bored with port life and disapproving of the dissolute behaviour of the other young officers, he asked to be transferred to Toulon on board the Suffren ; but this ship was also blockaded in port. During this period, Dumont built on his already substantial cultural knowledge. He already spoke, in addition to Latin and Greek, English, German, Italian, Russian, Chinese and Hebrew. During his later travels in
4224-462: Was established some 60 km to the west of Cape Denison where Douglas Mawson had wintered 40 years before. The party spent a full year doing weather and astronomical research. The expedition charted and named Français Glacier Tongue , Ionosphere Bay and Parasite Bay , among others. In 1950–1952, Michel Barré led a party of seventeen that wintered at Port Martin . Two parties were planned to winter in Adélie Land in 1952: one in Port Martin under
4290-440: Was renamed the Astrolabe in honour of one of the ships of La Pérouse , and sailed from Toulon on 22 April 1826, towards the Pacific Ocean, for a circumnavigation of the world that was destined to last nearly three years. The new Astrolabe skirted the coast of southern Australia, carried out new relief maps of the South Island of New Zealand, including improved surveys of the Marlborough Sounds in which he navigated through
4356-412: Was spotted 1 January 1909, the traditional day for the Feast of the Circumcision . Renaud Island was first charted and named. Fallieres Coast was first explored in January 1909, and Charcot named for Clément Armand Fallières , then President of France. Mikkelsen Bay was first seen from a distance in 1909, but it was not recognised as a bay. The Mikkelsen Islands were named after Otto Mikkelsen,
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