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29-625: The rent was and still is one Rhenish gulden per year (equivalent to 0.88 euros), as well as to make three daily prayers for the current owners of the Fuggerei  – the Lord's Prayer , Hail Mary , and the Nicene Creed – and to work a part-time job in the community. The conditions to live there remain the same as they were 500 years ago: one must have lived at least two years in Augsburg, be of

58-670: A mint (as much a symbol of independent authority as an economic tool). From the court of Charles the Simple , he obtained the final right of election of the Bishop of Trier by the chapter, free of Imperial interference. In early modern times, the Electorate of Trier still encompassed territory along the river Moselle between Trier, near the French border, and Koblenz on the Rhine . From

87-681: A prince-elector of the empire. The other ecclesiastical electors were the electors of Cologne and Mainz . The capital of the electorate was Trier ; from the 16th century onward, the main residence of the Elector was in Koblenz . The electorate was secularized in 1803 in the course of the German mediatisation . The Elector of Trier, in his capacity as archbishop, also administered the Archdiocese of Trier , whose territory did not correspond to

116-579: A Cologne Mark of gold, 19 karats fine; hence 2.76 g fine gold. As a result of the widespread minting of gold guldens by the electors of Cologne, Mainz, Trier and the Electorate of the Palatinate (Rhine Minting Association), Rhenish guldens achieved significance in the 14th and 15th centuries and became the base currency of the Rhine region. Due to a lack of gold there was a shortage of gulden in

145-425: A tiny spare room, altogether totalling about 60 square metres (600 sq. ft.). Ground-floor apartments all have a small garden and garden shed, while upper-floor apartments have an attic. All apartments have modern conveniences such as television and running water. One ground-floor apartment is uninhabited, serving as a museum open to the public. The doorbells have elaborate shapes, each being unique, dating back to before

174-635: The Duke of Marlborough passed Trier on its way to France. When the campaign failed, the French came back to Trier in 1705 and stayed until 1714. After a short period of peace, the War of the Polish Succession started in 1734; the following year Trier was again occupied by the French, who stayed until 1737. The last Prince-Elector, Clement Wenceslaus of Saxony , relocated to Koblenz in 1786. In August 1794, French Republican troops took Trier. This date marked

203-546: The Habsburgs , leading to a rivalry between French and Spanish troops about the strategic cities and fortresses of the Electorate. In 1630, the city of Trier opened its gates to Spanish troops to defend its rights against the absolutist Elector. French troops captured the city in 1632 to help Sötern. In return, they were allowed to install garrisons there and in the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein. Spanish troops retook Trier by surprise in 1635 and imprisoned Sötern. During his absence,

232-671: The Merovingian dynasty. In 772, Charlemagne granted Bishop Wiomad complete immunity from the jurisdiction of the ruling count for all the churches and monasteries, as well as villages and castles that belonged to the Church of St. Peter at Trier. In 816 Louis the Pious confirmed to Archbishop Hetto the privileges of protection and immunity granted by his father. At the partition of the Carolingian empire at Verdun in 843, Trier

261-753: The Trier witch trials gravely affected the entire territory; it was one of the first mass witch trials of the Holy Roman Empire, and resulted in the death of hundreds of people. In the 17th century, the Archbishops and Prince-Electors of Trier relocated their residences to Philippsburg Castle in Ehrenbreitstein , near Koblenz . During the Thirty Years' War , Archbishop-Elector Philipp Christoph von Sötern supported France against

290-789: The medieval Kingdom of Italy was one of the three component kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire . In 1473, Emperor Frederick III and Charles the Bold , Duke of Burgundy held a meeting in Trier. In this same year, the University of Trier was founded in the city. A session of the Reichstag was held in Trier in 1512, during which the demarcation of the Imperial Circles was definitively established. Between 1581 and 1593,

319-466: The Catholic faith and have become indigent without debt. The five gates are still locked every day at 10 PM. Housing units in the area consist of 45 to 65 square metre (500–700 square foot) apartments , but because each unit has its own street entrance it simulates living in a house. There is no shared accommodation; each family has its own apartment, which includes a kitchen, a parlour, a bedroom and

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348-636: The French Army. Nearly all castles were blown up and the only bridge across the Moselle in Trier was burnt. King Louis XIV of France personally issued the order for these acts of destruction. As the French Army retreated in 1698, it left a starving city without walls and only 2,500 inhabitants. During the War of the Spanish Succession in 1702, Trier was occupied again by a French army. In 1704–05, an allied Anglo - Dutch army commanded by

377-628: The cathedral chapter took over administration of the archbishopric. Imperial troops dispelled the French garrison of Ehrenbreitstein in 1637 and occupied the place until the end of the war. The archbishop was released from captivity in 1645 because of French demands in Westphalia . Warfare returned to the Electorate in 1673 during the Franco-Dutch War , when the French Army occupied Trier and stayed until 1675. They heavily fortified

406-490: The city and destroyed all churches, abbeys and settlements in front of the city walls. In 1684, with the War of the Reunions , an era of French expansion began. Trier was again captured in 1684; all walls and fortresses were destroyed this time. After Trier and its associated electorate were yet again taken during the War of Palatinate Succession in 1688, many cities in the electorate were systematically destroyed in 1689 by

435-573: The early 13th century the Archbishop of Trier, as the holder of an imperial office was traditionally an Imperial Elector of the German king. The purely honorary office of Arch-chancellor of Gaul arose in the 13th century. In this context, that was taken to mean the Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles , technically from 1242 and permanently from 1263, and nominally until 1803. Arles along with Germany and

464-412: The electorate (see map below). Trier , as the important Roman provincial capital of Augusta Treverorum , had been the seat of a bishop since Roman times. It was raised to archiepiscopal status during the reign of Charlemagne , whose will mentions the bishoprics of Metz , Toul and Verdun as its suffragans . The bishops of Trier were already virtually independent territorial magnates during

493-510: The end of the era of the old electorate. Churches, abbeys and clerical possessions were sold or the buildings put to secular use, such as stables. The last elector, Clemens Wenceslaus, resided exclusively in Koblenz after 1786. From 1795, the territories of the Electorate on the left bank of the Rhine were under French occupation; in 1801, they were annexed and a separate French-controlled diocese established under Bishop Charles Mannay . In 1803,

522-757: The foundations's board are Alexander Graf Fugger-Babenhausen and Maria-Theresia Gräfin Fugger-Glött. All three still existing branches of the Fugger family are thus represented. The trust is administered by Wolf-Dietrich Graf von Hundt. As of 2020, the fee for a tour into the Fuggerei is 6.50 euro, over seven times the annual rent. 48°22′08″N 10°54′15″E  /  48.36889°N 10.90417°E  / 48.36889; 10.90417 Rhenish gulden The Rhenish gulden or Rhenish guilder ( German : Rheinischer Gulden ; Latin : florenus Rheni )

551-596: The installation of streetlights when residents could identify their door by feeling the handle in the dark. The Fugger family initially established their wealth in weaving and merchandising. Jakob the Rich expanded their interests into silver mining and trading with Venice . Additionally he was a financier and counted the Vatican as a notable client. The family became financial backers of the Habsburg family, and he financed

580-490: The late 15th and 16th century, and they were even minted with a gold content reduced by up to a half. The Reichsmünzordnung or imperial minting ordinances of the Holy Roman Empire from 1524 to 1559 prescribed uniform minting standards for the Rhenish gulden . In 1559 the latter was prescribed as 1 ⁄ 72 nd a Cologne Mark of gold, 18 1 ⁄ 2 karats - hence, 2.50 g fine gold. This standard Rhenish gulden

609-423: The mason Franz Mozart , lived in the Fuggerei between 1681 and 1694 and is commemorated today by a stone plaque. The Fuggerei was heavily damaged by the bombings of Augsburg during World War II but has been rebuilt in its original style. The Fuggerei is supported by a charitable trust established in 1520 which Jakob Fugger funded with an initial deposit of 10,000 guilders. According to The Wall Street Journal ,

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638-440: The successful election of Charles V as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1519. The Fuggerei was first built between 1514 and 1523 under the supervision of the architect Thomas Krebs, and in 1582, Hans Holl added St. Mark's Church to the settlement. Expanded further in 1880 and 1938, the Fuggerei today comprises 67 houses with 147 apartments, a well and an administrative building. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's great-grandfather,

667-509: The trust has been carefully managed with most of its income coming from forestry holdings, which the Fugger family favoured since the 17th century after losing money on higher yielding investments. The annual return on the trust has ranged from an after-inflation rate of 0.5% to 2%. The Fugger family foundation is currently headed by Maria-Elisabeth Gräfin Thun -Fugger, née Gräfin Fugger von Kirchberg, who lives at Kirchberg Castle. Other members of

696-524: Was a gold, standard currency coin of the Rhineland in the 14th and 15th centuries. They weighed between 3.4 and 3.8 grams (0.12–0.13 oz). The Rhenish gold gulden was created when the electors of Cologne , Trier and Mainz were rewarded for their support in the election of Charles IV with a right to mint gold coins ( Goldmünzprivileg ), a right derived from the Golden Bull . Trier

725-478: Was given the privilege on 25 November 1346, Cologne on 26 November 1346 and Mainz on 22 January 1354. The Rhenish gulden or florin began in 1354 as a copy of the Florentine florin (weight 1 ⁄ 66 th a Cologne Mark of gold, 23 1 ⁄ 4 karats fine, or 3.43 g fine gold). However, by the early 15th century it has lost nearly one quarter of its gold content. In 1419 it was 1 ⁄ 67 th

754-470: Was given to Lothair; at the partition of Lotharingia at Mersen in 870, it became part of the East Frankish kingdom, which developed into the Kingdom of Germany . In 898, Archbishop Radbod received complete immunity from all taxes for the entire episcopal territory, granted by Zwentibold , who was the natural son of Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia , and who reigned briefly as King of Lotharingia. He

783-589: Was minted until the 18th century, and was minted concurrently with the gold ducat . Rhenish gold guldens were of central importance to the German monetary system until modern times. It developed into the most common long-distance trading coin in Bohemia , Hungary , Germany , Switzerland , Moravia , the Netherlands , Spain and France . Not only gold, but also silver coins were valued according to their value in Rhenish guldens , and thus their rate (value)

812-546: Was set. The annual rent in the Augsburg Fuggerei is to this day a Rhenish gulden (€0.88 today). Electorate of Trier The Electorate of Trier ( German : Kurfürstentum Trier or Kurtrier or Trèves ) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century. It was the temporal possession of the prince-archbishop of Trier ( Erzbistum Trier ) who was, ex officio ,

841-406: Was under great pressure from his independent nobles and desperately needed a powerful ally. The gift cemented the position of the archbishops as territorial lords in their own right. Following Zwentibold's assassination in 900, the handlers of the child-king Louis courted Radbod in their turn, granting him the district and city of Trier outright, permission to impose customs duties and the right to

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