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27-662: The Königgrätz March ( AM II, 134 (AM II, 195)), also known as Der Königgrätzer or Der Königgrätzer Marsch , is one of the most famous German military marches , composed in 1866 by Johann Gottfried Piefke in commemoration of the Battle of Königgrätz , the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War , in which the Kingdom of Prussia defeated the Austrian Empire . In Piefke's most successful arrangement of

54-434: A highest cabinet order ( Allerhöchste Kabinettsorder ) of King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia on 10 February 1817 requesting a selection of proven compositions for every regiment of infantry, cavalry and artillery: In order to assist the regiments of the army in the selection of good military music, I have had a number of well-proved pieces prepared, and a set of them is to be supplied to each regiment. As, in this way,

81-483: A total of 152 marches. The German Misplaced Pages article on the Armeemarschsammlung includes a comprehensive list based on Stephan ’s work de:Armeemarschsammlung . The only Luftwaffe march incorporated into the collection was Gustav Rath 's " Flieger-Parade " HM II, 143 (added in 1933). Rath 's march had won a competition in 1932 for army marches. Luftwaffenmusikinspizient (Chief of Music for

108-778: A trio to recall the older victories of king Frederick the Great over the Austrians in the 18th century. The victory in the Battle of Königgrätz paved the way for the supremacy of Prussia in the German Confederation and ultimately led to the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. The Königgrätzer Marsch continues to be extremely popular and is a staple of any modern German military parade, whereas in Austria it

135-519: Is a German music publishing house. Founded in 1719 in Leipzig by Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf , it is the world's oldest music publisher. The catalogue contains over 1,000 composers, 8,000 works and 15,000 music editions or books on music. The name "Härtel" was added when Gottfried Christoph Härtel took over the company in 1795. In 1807, Härtel began to manufacture pianos, an endeavour which lasted until 1870. Breitkopf pianos were highly esteemed in

162-413: Is far less recognized. The first draft of the march is said to have been written by Piefke on the battlefield itself. The confident six-eighths meter composition follows the battle in two parts, the beginning motif signifying the indecisive combat between the first Prussian contingent and the Austrians, the second motif signifying the arrival of Prussian reinforcements. Piefke used Der Hohenfriedberger as

189-621: Is heard only very rarely, because the piece is associated with Austrian military failure. Like many other German marches and musical compositions (such as Der Hohenfriedberger and the Badenweiler Marsch ), the Nazis made significant use of the Königgrätzer Marsch. The piece has the dubious distinction of being one of Adolf Hitler 's reported favorite marches, and it was often played during his public appearances including

216-723: The Armeemarschsammlung . Of these famous march composers, in the Heeresmarsch collection only Blon (" Unter dem Siegesbanner ", HM II, 152) and " Victoria " (HM II, 153); Friedemann (" Kaiser Friederich ", HM II, 151); and Teike (" Alte Kameraden ", HM II, 150) are included. Reasons for their lack of inclusion are several: These composers not being in military service in their most productive years, their marches considered more suitable to concert rather than parade use, and finally their marches considered more technically difficult than those adopted for either

243-599: The Historische Märsche und sonstige Compositionen für das kaiserliche und königliche Heer (Historical Marches and Other Compositions for the Imperial and Royal Army) was ready in time for Franz Joseph I of Austria ’s fiftieth jubilee year of 1898. Included were 49 marches and military tunes, including 36 officially recognized regimental marches arranged numerically by regiment: from the 1er Regimentsmarsch "Trautenauer Gefechtsmarsch" by Ferdinand Preis to

270-490: The 79er Regimentsmarsch "Jellačić-Marsch" (Anon). The official branch marches of the artillery (" Artillerie-Marsch " composer unknown) and navy (" Tegetthoff-Marsch " by Anton Rosenkranz ) plus one of the military academy marches (" Jung Österreich Marsch " by Andreas Leonhardt ) were also included in the publication. By February 1914 there were assigned marches for the four Tiroler Kaiserjägerregiment s as well as 102 Infantry Regiments. A new Army March Collection

297-461: The Bundeswehr and private organizations are attempting to resolve this situation and keep this collection of marches from disappearing. Several recordings have been made of marches from the Armeemarschsammlung with particulars about the collections. These include: Breitkopf %26 H%C3%A4rtel Breitkopf & Härtel ( German pronunciation: [ˈbraɪtkɔpf ʔʊnt ˈhɛrtəl] )

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324-634: The Nuremberg Rally . This connotation, however, has not dimmed the march's image, and it has been recorded many times by bands and orchestras since the Second World War. Like many German marches it is also used by the Chilean Army and other militaries with a historical connection to Germany. The "Königgrätzer" is the regimental march of the 2nd Battalion, The Jamaica Regiment , under the name "2nd Battalion West India Regiment", and

351-459: The 19th century by such pianists as Franz Liszt and Clara Schumann . In the 19th century the company was for many years the publisher of the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung , an influential music journal. The company has consistently supported composers and had close editorial collaboration with Beethoven , Haydn , Mendelssohn , Schumann , Chopin , Liszt , Wagner and Brahms . In

378-617: The 19th century they also published the first "complete works" editions of various composers, for instance Bach (the Bach-Gesellschaft edition), Mozart (the Alte Mozart-Ausgabe ), and Schubert (the Franz Schubert's Werke ). This tradition continues today with prominent contemporary composers such as Heinz Holliger , Helmut Lachenmann and Wolfgang Rihm . The firm was on the board of directors of

405-814: The AM or HM collections. In the early 1960s, Wilhelm Stephan (1908-1994), a military musician in the Bundeswehr , was charged with yet another revision of the Heeresmarschsammlung . Stephan selected the most famous works from the historic collection and assigned a new numbering system, returning to the older AM nomenclature: The marches in Collection I are numbered 1-53, in Collection II 101-164, and in Collection III 201-235, for

432-885: The Air Force 13 August 1936 – 1945) Hans Felix Husadel chose " Flieger-Parade " as Geschwindmärsche no. 47 for a collection of marches suitable for the new air force. At the same time, Carl Clewing and Husadel created a Liederbuch der Luftwaffe containing approved national hymns and song adapted to marches plus a new set of marches for military bands. Marches for the Reichsmarine and its later equivalent Kriegsmarine included HM I, 60 " Holländischer Ehrenmarsch " (i.e. " Präsentiermarsch der Marine ") of Jacob Rauscher; HM I, 61 " Marsch der I. Matrosendivision " of Prinz Heinrich von Preußen ; HM II, 145 " Unsere Marine " of Richard Thiele; and HM II, 156 " Panzerschiff Deutschland " of Erich Schumann. HM II, 130,

459-446: The Königgrätzer Marsch, another march, Der Hohenfriedberger (commemorating the Battle of Hohenfriedberg ), is used as a trio. The commonly played version (AM II, 195) is set as an infantry march, while an alternate adaptation is arranged as a cavalry galop (AM III, 228). The German military march catalogue also has the "Königgrätzer mit anderem Trio" ("Königgrätzer with Other Trio"; Heeresmarsch IIIB, 67), but this secondary composition

486-448: The army will come into the possession of good music, I decree that on all ceremonial occasions, at grand parades, and reviews, and particularly those at which I am present, no other marches will be played. Friedrich Wilhelm III's initial collection consisted of 36 slow marches and 36 quick marches for infantry. This Army March Collection in time contained Prussian, Austrian and Russian marches, divided into three collections: Marches in

513-437: The classic "Gruß an Kiel" composed in 1864 by Friedrich Spohr , was also considered a navy march by the time it was adopted into the Heeresmarsch . Given the expansion of the fleet begun in 1890 under Kaiser Wilhelm II, " Gruß an Kiel " was often used as a greeting to ships entering and exiting the port of Kiel . All of these marches were adopted into the Heeresmarsch in 1933 except " Panzerschiff Deutschland " which

540-510: The gallop march (under the name "Granaderos al Galope", with the addition of a traditional French fanfare) of the 1st Cavalry Regiment "Granaderos" of Chile. It was the march of the 91st Oldenburg Infantry Regiment and the parade-march of the 1st Bavarian Infantry Regiment "König" of the Imperial German Army . Armeemarschsammlung The basis for the creation of an extensive set of scores for military brass bands lies in

567-601: The lower ranking states of the former Empire. Preparation of this collection ended in 1945. It was now divided into four subgroups: The collection continued to grow and be divided into new distinct groups: Group IV was added in 1929 and included two subdivisions: In 1933 Hermann Schmidt revised and renamed the collection to the Heeresmarschsammlung . Marches infrequently performed were eliminated and marches of Saxony were added. Trots and gallops were added which caused Collection III to be divided into IIIa slow marches and IIIb trots and gallops. The Heeresmarschsammlung

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594-543: The marches incorporated into the army march collection have an official number including a Roman numeral designation (denoting collection) and an Arabic number (list number in the collection). Some well known examples: A comprehensive and systematic collection of marches was also created for the Kaiserlich und Königliche Armee (Imperial and Royal Austrian Army). On March 24, 1894, the Imperial and Royal War Ministry issued an order ( Kriegsministerium no. 1157) to create

621-492: The publication of a standardized list of marches. This order includes: "The Imperial War Ministry intends to revive and preserve the tradition of outstanding epochs in the history of our nation and army by compiling and publishing in uniform orchestrations the older historic marches which owe their fame to successes in war, as well as suitable marches that were dedicated to the memory of glorious regiments, famous generals, or regimental colonels-in-chief". The official codification,

648-684: The third (cavalry) collection were first published by Schlesinger in Berlin beginning in 1824 and continued by Bote & Bock in Berlin and finally Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig (a project terminated at the end of World War I). This was titled Collection of Marches and Fanfares for Trumpet-Music for the Use of the Prussian Cavalry ( Sammlung von Marschen und Fanfaren für Trumpetenmusik zum Gebrauch der preußischen Kavallerie ). All

675-613: Was adopted in 1939. A collection of songs for sailors Blaujacken-Lieder (Blue Jacket Songs) was compiled by Gerhard Pallmann for the Kriegsmarine . Many works from the older AM collection are missing original editions or are fragmentary. Some of the composers of the marches are unknown. The destruction of the Prussian State Archives in Potsdam in 1945 is partly to blame. The military music sections of

702-542: Was decreed by the Reichswehr -Ministerium on May 15, 1925, under the supervision of military musician Hermann Schmidt (who would serve as Heeresmusikinspizient - Chief of Music for the Armed Forces 1929–1945). Old and newly composed marches were incorporated. Marches of the former Royal Prussian, Royal Bavarian, Royal Saxon, and Royal Württemberg Armies were now merged into one collection, alongside those of

729-536: Was denoted as HM (and also VDHM, for Verzeichnis Deutscher Heeresmärsche ). Some marches are noted as in both the AM and HM collections: Two famous marches newly added in the revised numbering scheme: Few of the most famed German march composers were incorporated in the Armeemarschsammlung or Heeresmarsch collections. Prolific and famed march composers Hermann Louis Blankenburg , Franz von Blon , Richard Eilenberg , Carl Friedemann , Ernst Stieberitz , and Carl Teike are not included in

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