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50-599: KNUAF is a descendant of two military academies and other nine military higher schools: After graduating from the Chuguiv Military Aviation Pilots School in 1941, Kozhedub was appointed a pilot instructor. From March 1943 Kozhedub served as an air force fighter pilot with the Soviet Air Forces. During the war, he made 330 sorties, led 120 air battles as a unit commander, and personally shot down 62 enemy aircraft. According to

100-500: A friendly fire incident on 17 April 1945. By his account, he encountered a group of American B-17 Flying Fortresses under attack by Luftwaffe aircraft. His aircraft was apparently mistaken by American escort fighters for the enemy and attacked. Kozhedub, having no other option, defended himself by shooting down two of the P-51s. The story is highly suspect. Film footage exists that had been touted as Kozhedub's actual gun camera film from

150-573: A 20-year sentence in a Mexican prison for the assassination of Leon Trotsky , Ramón Mercader moved to the Soviet Union in 1961 and as Ramon Lopez was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Hero of the Soviet Union medal "for the special deed" by KGB head Alexander Shelepin . The only individuals to receive the title four times were Marshal Georgy Zhukov and Leonid Brezhnev . The original statute of

200-573: A bronze bust of his or her likeness with a commemorative inscription erected in his or her hometown. Fighter pilots Aleksandr Pokryshkin and Ivan Kozhedub were three times Heroes of the Soviet Union. A third award entitled the recipient to have their bronze bust erected on a columnar pedestal in Moscow, near the Palace of the Soviets , but the palace was never built. After his release from serving

250-757: A deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1946 to 1962 and chairman of the Federation of Aviation Sports from 1967 to 1987. He resided in Moscow for the rest of his life, where he died of a heart attack on 8 August 1991 and was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery . According to Soviet aces 1941–1945. The victories of Stalin's Falcons ( Russian : Советские асы 1941—1945. Победы сталинских соколов ) by Mikhail Bykov. In his autobiography, Kozhedub claimed to have downed two USAAF P-51 Mustang due to

300-454: A free-hunting mission in an area south of Frankfurt with his wingman Dmitry Titarenko, Kozhedub shot down an Me 262 jet, thereby becoming the first Soviet pilot to do so. When Kozhedub and Titarenko encountered the Me 262, Kozhedub quickly accelerated from low to full speed; when the Me 262 banked left and slowed — spooked by tracer rounds fired by Titarenko — Kozhedub shot it down. By the end of

350-782: A librarian until completing his ninth grade of school in 1936, and from that year to 1940 he attended the Shostka Chemical Technology College. In addition to his studies, he attended training at the local aeroclub, from which he graduated in 1939. He subsequently joined the Red Army in February 1940, and in January 1941 he graduated from training at the Chuhuiv Military Aviation School of Pilots, where he initially learned to fly

400-599: A pilot he totaled 1937 flight hours, piloting the Yak-3 , Yak-11 , Yak-17 , Yak-28 , MiG-15, MiG-17 , MiG-21 , Li-2 , and Il-14 airplanes and the Mi-4 and Mi-8 helicopters. From 1971 to 1978 he served as deputy chief of combat training of the air force, and subsequently became a military advisor in the Ministry of Defense ; in 1985 he was promoted to the rank of Marshal of Aviation . Beyond his military duties, he served as

450-413: A spirit of competition, they shared their experiences using different techniques. Vasily Mukhin , who often flew as Kozhedub's wingman, also went on to become a flying ace. Over the next few months Kozhedub steadily gained more aerial victories and a promotion to squadron commander, but in the first half of October he rapidly increased his tally with 14 shootdowns. On 10 October 1943 he was nominated for

500-753: Is Ivan Kozhedub Lane in the cities of Kremenchuk and Kropyvnytskyi . In December 2022 the Kyiv City Council renamed, "with the aim of decolonizing the capital's toponymy", the Mikhail Kutuzov Street in Kyiv 's Desnianskyi District Ivan Kozhedub Street. A bust of Kozhedub made by Nikolai Tomsky was installed in his native village in 1949. There is a statue of him in Sumy made by Oleg Prokopchuk. A sculpture of him made by Aleksandr Shlapak, Yevgeny Karpov Sr, and Yevgeny Karpov Jr

550-501: Is some speculation that Zhukov's fourth Hero medal was for his participation in the arrest of Lavrentiy Beria in 1953, but this was not entered in the records. Brezhnev's four awards further eroded the prestige of the award because they were all birthday gifts, on the occasions of his 60th, 70th, 72nd and 75th birthdays. Such practices halted in 1988 due to a decision of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which formally ended it. By

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600-486: Is still used both in surviving current Communist states such as Cuba and in some non-Communist post-Soviet countries such as Russia, Ukraine, and others. Individuals who received the award were entitled to special privileges, including: In total, during the existence of the USSR, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to 12,777 people (excluding 72 stripped of the title for defamatory acts and 13 awards annulled as unwarranted), including 154 people who received

650-622: The Air Force Academy based in Monino , graduating in May 1949. He was originally to be posted as deputy commander of the 31st Fighter Aviation Division based in Baku , but — per orders 'from above' owing to his high status as a top flying ace — he was reassigned to the 324th Fighter Aviation Division. He initially served as assistant commander for flight training, but was soon promoted to command

700-509: The 1970s, the award had been somewhat devalued. Important political and military persons had been awarded it on the occasions of their birthdays rather than for any immediate heroic activity. All Soviet cosmonauts , starting from Yuri Gagarin , as well as foreign citizens from non-capitalist countries who participated in the Soviet space program as cosmonauts, received a Hero award for each flight, but no more than twice. Apart from individuals,

750-792: The 5th anniversary of the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport , a combined military band including the university band performed at Kharkiv International Airport in honor of the forces that took part in the battle. It is led by Major Konstantin Streletsky. On 25 September 2020, an An-26 military plane with 20 cadets and 7 officers of the KNUAF crashed and immediately caught fire in Chuhuiv , Ukraine in Kharkiv Oblast . 26 people were killed and one seriously injured. On 1 March 2022

800-449: The Hero of the Soviet Union, however, did not provide for a fourth title; its provisions allowed for a maximum of three awards regardless of later deeds. Both Zhukov and Brezhnev received their fourth titles under controversial circumstances. Namely, Zhukov was awarded a fourth title in direct violation of the statute. He was awarded the fourth time "for his large accomplishments" on the occasion of his 60th birthday on December 1, 1956. There

850-686: The High Command Academy, graduating in 1956. He then served as deputy head of the air force's combat-training and frontline aviation-training directorates. Having become the 1st deputy commander of the 76th Air Army in April 1958, he visited Cuba alongside the unit's commander Viktor Davidkov from 1962 to 1963. From 1964 to February 1971 he served as 1st deputy commander of the air force of the Moscow Military District , although he ceased flying in 1969. During his career as

900-458: The Ju 87 dive bomber, gaining him an unsurpassed 18 shootdowns of the type (equal with Arseny Vorozheykin ). However, being so risky, the manoeuvre was neither promoted nor taught to young pilots. Though never shot down throughout the war, Kozhedub did experience several close calls. He nevertheless always managed to land his airplane, regardless of damage. Upon returning to the USSR, Kozhedub attended

950-541: The KNUAF building was destroyed by the Russians, on Day seven of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . They killed 14 military cadets and seven civilians, including two young children. The building appears to have been shelled, not bombed. The total area of educational and laboratory premises of the university is more than 100 thousand square meters. Training sessions are held in classrooms equipped with computers, simulators and working models of weapons. The laboratories of

1000-713: The Soviet Union Oleksiy Arkhipovych Leonov , Hero of Ukraine Leonid Konstantinovich Kadenyuk . Its namesake, Chief Marshal Ivan Kozhedub , became a Hero three times. The German-Soviet war provided a powerful impetus for the further development of aviation, air defense, missile forces, and artillery. Military educational institutions were faced with the task of training highly qualified military specialists capable of handling new types of weapons. New faculties and departments were created. The number of specialties for training commanders, pilots, and military engineers has significantly increased. On

1050-499: The Soviet Union on 18 August 1945, and remained deputy commander of the 176th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment based in Schönwalde until September that year. Preferring short, intense attacks to stun and bring down enemy aircraft, one favorite technique he developed and used in the war involved darting at a target from below and subsequently opening fire only when extremely close. Kozhedub used this tactic very successfully against

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1100-587: The Soviet state and society. The title was awarded both to civilian and military persons. The award was established on 16 April 1934, by the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union . The first recipients of the title originally received only the Order of Lenin , the highest Soviet award, along with a certificate (грамота, gramota ) describing the heroic deed from the Presidium of

1150-694: The Star of the Hero of Ukraine – the first cosmonaut of independent Ukraine – Major General Kadenyuk LK and Honored Test Pilot Colonel OV Galunenko. The KNUAF was created on 10 September 2003 on the basis of both the Kharkiv National Air Force Institute and Kharkiv Military University. In 2020 KNUAF was recognized by the NATO DEEP programme as one of 12 educational establishments participants in Ukraine. On 20 January 2020, on

1200-538: The Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Because the Order of Lenin could be awarded for deeds not qualifying for the title of hero, and to distinguish heroes from other Order of Lenin holders, the Gold Star medal was introduced on 1 August 1939. Earlier heroes were retroactively eligible for these items. A hero could be awarded the title again for a subsequent heroic feat with an additional Gold Star medal and certificate. The practice of awarding additional Orders of Lenin when

1250-584: The UT-2, UTI-4, and I-16 . Remaining at the school as a flight instructor, he continued to train pilots after the school was forced to evacuate to Shymkent in the autumn of 1941 due to the German invasion of the Soviet Union . He was sent to Moscow in November 1942, where was posted to the 240th Fighter Aviation Regiment, but he did not arrive on the warfront until March 1943 when the 302nd Fighter Aviation Division

1300-495: The award twice (nine posthumously), three who received it three times, and two who received it four times. Ninety-five women were awarded the title. Among the Heroes of the Soviet Union, 44 people are citizens of foreign states. The great majority of them received it during World War II (11,635 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 101 twice Heroes, three thrice Heroes, and two four-time Heroes). Eighty-five people (28 posthumously) were awarded

1350-442: The basis of basic scientific research in the field of aviation technology, radar theory, participation in the development and improvement of missiles, aviation, anti-aircraft missile, and electronic weapons of armies at faculties and departments were formed scientific and pedagogical teams capable of independent training. The material and technical base of scientific work and training has significantly strengthened. In different years,

1400-413: The days following his death stemmed from Colonel General Nikolai Berzarin 's pledge to nominate the discoverer of Hitler's corpse for the award. (Despite Soviet claims to the contrary , only Hitler's dental remains were ever certainly identified.) Over 100 people received the award twice. A second Hero title, either Hero of the Soviet Union or Hero of Socialist Labour , entitled the recipient to have

1450-485: The departments use modern laboratory facilities that allow to conduct research necessary to understand the principles of modern armaments and military equipment. There are 20 computer classes for students, cadets and students, which provide access to the World Wide Web. To provide cadets and students with practical skills in the specialty, the university has: an aviation training brigade with a training complex for

1500-482: The deputy commander of the 176th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, a special "free-hunting" regiment equipped with the new Lavochkin La-7 fighter, per the initiative of Chief Marshal of Aviation Aleksandr Novikov . There, he was rarely assigned such specific missions as escorting other aircraft or providing air support for troops, enabling him and his subordinates to tally more aerial victories. In mid-February 1945, during

1550-500: The division in November 1950. Shortly thereafter the unit was sent to China , where they initially trained Chinese and North Korean pilots. Kozhedub, despite being one of the first pilots to master the MiG-15 fighter jet back in 1949, was strictly forbidden from participating in combat sorties by order of his commanding officers. His division consisted of only two regiments (the 176th Guards and 196th Fighter Aviation Regiments) rather than

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1600-561: The educational process, which contains 4088 units of educational and methodological publications. The KNUAF reports to 203 training air brigades located in Chuguev, Kharkiv region. The equipped crews are L-39, An-26, An-26Sh. The university trains qualified specialists in 9 areas and 18 specialties for the Armed Forces of Ukraine. As of June 2024: Graduates of the university took part in peacekeeping operations in different parts of

1650-755: The event; however, the footage was shot using Zeiss equipment, which was used primarily by the Luftwaffe. A military university in Kharkiv is named in his honor, the Kozhedub University of the Air Force . On May 8, 2010, a monument to Ivan Kozhedub was opened in Slavy Park in Kyiv . Ivan Kozhedub Street in the cities of Bila Tserkva , Bucha , Vinnytsia , Dnipro , Zaporizhzhia , Kyiv , Lutsk , Cherkasy , Chuhuiv , Shpola . There

1700-528: The first-ever Trans-polar flight, was awarded the title on 24 July 1936. Valentina Grizodubova , a female pilot, was the first woman to become a Hero of the Soviet Union (2 November 1938) for her international women's record for a straight-line distance flight. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya , a Soviet partisan , was the first woman to become a Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II (February 16, 1942), posthumously. According to Soviet war interpreter Elena Rzhevskaya , reports of several dead Hitler lookalikes in

1750-400: The following famous graduates studied at the university: Among the university graduates are commanders-in-chief and deputy commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces, commanders of armies and corps, division commanders, 407 generals, members of academies of sciences, State Prize winners, doctors, and candidates of science, honored scientists, education and higher education. The high authority of

1800-658: The military and went on to command the 324th Fighter Aviation Division during Soviet operations in the Korean War. Kozhedub was born on 8 June 1920 to a Ukrainian family in the village of Obrazhiivka , in Chernihiv Governorate , located within what is now Shostka Raion of Ukraine 's Sumy Oblast . After graduating from his seventh grade of school in his hometown in 1934 he went on to complete two more years of school in Shostka . There he initially worked as

1850-611: The ratio of air battles and enemy planes shot down in them, he was recognized as the most effective pilot of the Second World War's Eastern Front, winning three Gold Medals as a Hero of the Soviet Union . After the war, Kozhedub held a number of senior positions in the Soviet Armed Forces. In different years the military institutions which became part of the KNUAF were named after prominent commanders LO Govorov, MI Krylov, OM Vasilevsky and SI Gritsevets. Within

1900-529: The title Hero of the Soviet Union for flying 146 sorties, engaging in 27 aerial battles, and totaling 20 aerial victories; he was awarded the title on 4 February 1944. In July 1944 the 240th Fighter Regiment was honored with the Guards designation and renamed the 178th Fighter Aviation Regiment, and Kozhedub was nominated for a second gold star for 46 aerial victories across 256 sorties. He did not stay with his regiment much longer, though, having been reassigned as

1950-642: The title for actions related to the Soviet-Afghan War , which lasted from 1979 until 1989. The first recipients of the award were the pilots Anatoly Liapidevsky (certificate number one), Sigizmund Levanevsky , Vasily Molokov , Mavriky Slepnyov , Nikolai Kamanin , Ivan Doronin , and Mikhail Vodopianov , who participated in the successful aerial search and rescue of the crew of the steamship Cheliuskin , which sank in Arctic waters, crushed by ice fields, on 13 February 1934. Valery Chkalov , who made

2000-470: The title was also awarded to twelve cities ( Hero City ) as well as the fortress of Brest ( Hero-Fortress ) for collective heroism during the War. The last recipient of the title "Hero of the Soviet Union" was a Soviet diver , Captain of the 3rd rank Leonid Mikhailovich Solodkov on 24 December 1991 for his leadership and participation in a series of unprecedented extreme depth diving experiments. Following

2050-485: The title was awarded multiple times was abolished by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1988 during perestroika . Forty-four foreign citizens were awarded the title. The title was also awarded posthumously, though often without the actual Gold Star medal presented. The title could be revoked only by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet . Most Soviet-bloc countries followed the Soviet example and instituted their own "Hero" awards. The Soviet-style "Hero" title

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2100-438: The training of air defense specialists; training ground; training complex of aviation simulators; educational and training complexes of faculties and departments; sports complex. The university has a unique library, which is one of the best libraries of public educational institutions. Its scientific and technical fund includes more than 1.3 million publications. In 2007–2008, the university developed an electronic library to support

2150-406: The university is evidenced by the fact that over the past decade it has been recognized 5 times the best rated educational institution in Ukraine with the award of a bronze statuette "Sophia of Kyiv". Kozhedub Marshal of Aviation Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub or Ivan Mykytovych Kozhedub ( Russian : Иван Hикитович Кожедуб; Ukrainian : Іван Микитович Кожедуб; 8 June 1920 – 8 August 1991)

2200-521: The usual three. Nevertheless, pilots of his division claimed 216 aerial victories in Korea from April 1951 to February 1952, while sustaining only 27 MiG-15 losses and nine pilots killed. Upon its return to the Soviet Union in February 1952, the 324th Fighter Division was stationed in Kaluga as an air defense unit. The following year he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and in February 1955 attended

2250-405: The walls of the university mastered the basics of flying and received a ticket to the sky 27 astronauts. The first detachment of astronauts included our world-famous graduate OA Leonov – twice Hero of the Soviet Union, the first person to go into outer space. PI Klimuk, a graduate of the university, headed the astronaut training center for a long time. The university is proud of its graduates, awarded

2300-460: The war, Kozhedub tallied 330 sorties, had engaged in 120 dogfights, and had shot down 64 enemy aircraft. Having gained all his aerial victories on the La-5F, La-5FN, and La-7, he expressed his strong preference for Lavochkin fighters, and met with Semyon Lavochkin to comment on various aspects of the fighters' designs. Having been nominated for a third gold star in May 1945, he became thrice a Hero of

2350-529: The world, eliminated the consequences of the Chernobyl tragedy, carried out combat duty, guarded the airspace of the state, held in their hands a missile shield of the Motherland. Over its long history, KNUAF has trained and graduated more than 125,000 officers. Among the graduates of the university are 578 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 28 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, as well as astronauts twice Hero of

2400-457: Was a Soviet World War II fighter ace . Universally credited with over 60 solo victories, he is considered to be the highest scoring Soviet and Allied fighter pilot of World War II. He is one of the few pilots to have shot down a Messerschmitt Me 262 jet, and the first Soviet pilot to have done so. He was made a Hero of the Soviet Union on three occasions (4 February 1944, 19 August 1944, and 18 August 1945). After World War II, he remained in

2450-480: Was deployed to the Voronezh Front . Despite having started in the regiment as a regular pilot, he quickly mastered the new La-5 and was promoted to flight commander. He opened his tally on 6 July 1943 with the shootdown of a Ju 87 dive bomber. Kozhedub became friends with Kirill Yevstigneev , an accomplished flying ace; although they did not often fly together, Kozhedub acquired many of his tactics and, in

2500-626: Was installed in Kiev in 2013. On February 13, 2024, in the city of Zhmerynka , Vilinskii Lane was renamed Ivan Kozhedub Lane. Hero of the Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union ( Russian : Герой Советского Союза , romanized :  Geroy Sovietskogo Soyuza ) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union , awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to

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