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34-494: [REDACTED] Look up kPa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. KPA may refer to: Keele Postgraduate Association, Keele University , UK, formerly Keele Research Association (KRA) Kensington (Olympia) station , London, England, National Rail station code Kenya Ports Authority Kiln phosphoric acid , a dry process to produce phosphoric acid at high temperature in

68-615: A different nationality. elected by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) whose principal task is to promote worldwide uniformity in units of measurement by taking direct action or by submitting proposals to the CGPM. The CIPM meets every year (since 2011 in two sessions per year) at the Pavillon de Breteuil where, among other matters, it discusses reports presented to it by its Consultative Committees. Reports of

102-439: A kiln Kilopascal (kPa), a unit of pressure Known-plaintext attack , a method of cryptanalysis Korean People's Army , the armed forces of North Korea Aruba Police Force (Dutch: Korps Politie Aruba ) Kosovo Property Agency Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title KPA . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

136-514: A member of the CIPM. Apart from the CCU, membership of a CC is open to National Metrology Institutes ( NMIs ) of Member States that are recognized internationally as most expert in the field. NMIs from Member States that are active in the field, but lack the expertise to become Members, are able to attend CC meetings as observers. These committees are: The CCU's role is to advise on matters related to

170-454: A power of 1000 are preferred, which excludes the hectopascal from use. Many countries also use millibars. In practically all other fields, the kilopascal is used instead. Decimal multiples and submultiples are formed using standard SI units . General Conference on Weights and Measures Initially the work of the BIPM concerned the kilogram and the metre , but in 1921 the scope of

204-679: Is about 1013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals. The unit is named after Blaise Pascal , noted for his contributions to hydrodynamics and hydrostatics, and experiments with a barometer . The name pascal was adopted for the SI unit newton per square metre (N/m ) by the 14th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1971. The pascal can be expressed using SI derived units , or alternatively solely SI base units , as: where N

238-513: Is equal to one millibar , and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar. The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101 325  Pa . Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization , thus a standard atmosphere (atm) or typical sea-level air pressure

272-459: Is measured at 50 Pa. In medicine, blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg, very close to one Torr ). The normal adult blood pressure is less than 120 mmHg systolic BP (SBP) and less than 80 mmHg diastolic BP (DBP). Convert mmHg to SI units as follows: 1 mmHg = 0.133 32  kPa . Hence normal blood pressure in SI units is less than 16.0 kPa SBP and less than 10.7 kPa DBP. These values are similar to

306-458: Is the newton , m is the metre , kg is the kilogram , s is the second , and J is the joule . One pascal is the pressure exerted by a force of one newton perpendicularly upon an area of one square metre. The unit of measurement called an atmosphere or a standard atmosphere (atm) is 101 325  Pa (101.325 kPa). This value is often used as a reference pressure and specified as such in some national and international standards, such as

340-420: Is used to measure sound pressure . Loudness is the subjective experience of sound pressure and is measured as a sound pressure level (SPL) on a logarithmic scale of the sound pressure relative to some reference pressure. For sound in air, a pressure of 20 μPa is considered to be at the threshold of hearing for humans and is a common reference pressure, so that its SPL is zero. The airtightness of buildings

374-473: The CJK Compatibility block, but these exist only for backward-compatibility with some older ideographic character-sets and are therefore deprecated . The pascal (Pa) or kilopascal (kPa) as a unit of pressure measurement is widely used throughout the world and has largely replaced the pounds per square inch (psi) unit, except in some countries that still use the imperial measurement system or

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408-532: The International Organization for Standardization 's ISO 2787 (pneumatic tools and compressors), ISO 2533 (aerospace) and ISO 5024 (petroleum). In contrast, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends the use of 100 kPa as a standard pressure when reporting the properties of substances. Unicode has dedicated code-points U+33A9 ㎩ SQUARE PA and U+33AA ㎪ SQUARE KPA in

442-550: The International System of Units (SI) . It is also used to quantify internal pressure , stress , Young's modulus , and ultimate tensile strength . The unit, named after Blaise Pascal , is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m ). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which

476-513: The International system of units . The brochure is produced by the CCU in conjunction with a number of other international organisations. Initially the brochure was only in French – the official language of the metre convention, but recent versions have been published simultaneously in both English and French, with the French text being the official text. The 6th edition was published in 1991,

510-574: The US customary system , including the United States. Geophysicists use the gigapascal (GPa) in measuring or calculating tectonic stresses and pressures within the Earth . Medical elastography measures tissue stiffness non-invasively with ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging , and often displays the Young's modulus or shear modulus of tissue in kilopascals. In materials science and engineering ,

544-1115: The 21st meeting of the CGPM in October 1999, the category of "associate" was created for states not yet BIPM members and for economic unions . Albania (2007) Azerbaijan (2015) Bangladesh (2010) Bolivia (2008) Bosnia and Herzegovina (2011) Botswana (2012) Cambodia (2021) Caribbean Community (2005) Chinese Taipei (2002) Ethiopia (2018) Georgia (2008) Ghana (2009) Hong Kong (2000) Jamaica (2003) Kuwait (2018) Latvia (2001) Luxembourg (2014) Malta (2001) Mauritius (2010) Moldova (2007) Mongolia (2013) Namibia (2012) North Macedonia (2006) Oman (2012) Panama (2003) Paraguay (2009) Peru (2009) Philippines (2002) Qatar (2016) Sri Lanka (2007) Syria (2012) Tanzania (2018) Uzbekistan (2018) Vietnam (2003) Zambia (2010) Zimbabwe (2010–2020, 2022) Cuba (2000–2021) Seychelles (2010–2021) Sudan (2014–2021) The International Committee for Weights and Measures consists of eighteen persons, each of

578-543: The 27th meeting of the CGPM took place from 15 to 18 November 2022. On 20 May 1875 an international treaty known as the Convention du Mètre ( Metre Convention ) was signed by 17 states. This treaty established an international organisation, the Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM), which has two governing organs: The organization has a permanent laboratory and secretariat function (sometimes referred to as

612-1872: The British Government signed the convention on behalf of the United Kingdom. This number grew to 21 in 1900, 32 in 1950, and 49 in 2001. As of 18 November 2022 , there are 64 Member States and 36 Associate States and Economies of the General Conference (with year of partnership in parentheses): Argentina (1877) Australia (1947) Austria (1875) Belarus (2020) Belgium (1875) Brazil (1921) Bulgaria (1911) Canada (1907) Chile (1908) China (1977) Colombia (2012) Costa Rica (2022) Croatia (2008) Czech Republic (1922) Denmark (1875) Ecuador (2019) Egypt (1962) Estonia (2021) Finland (1913) France (1875) Germany (1875) Greece (2001) Hungary (1925) India (1880) Indonesia (1960) Iran (1975) Iraq (2013) Ireland (1925) Israel (1985) Italy (1875) Japan (1885) Kazakhstan (2008) Kenya (2010) Lithuania (2015) Malaysia (2001) Mexico (1890) Montenegro (2018) Morocco (2019) Netherlands (1929) New Zealand (1991) Norway (1875) Pakistan (1973) Poland (1925) Portugal (1876) Romania (1884) Russia (1875) Saudi Arabia (2011) Serbia (2001) Singapore (1994) Slovakia (1922) Slovenia (2016) South Africa (1964) South Korea (1959) Spain (1875) Sweden (1875) Switzerland (1875) Thailand (1912) Tunisia (2012) Turkey (1875) Ukraine (2018) United Arab Emirates (2015) United Kingdom (1884) United States (1878) Uruguay (1908) Cameroon (1970–2012) Dominican Republic (1954–2015) North Korea (1982–2012) Peru (1875–1956) Venezuela (1879–1907, 1960–2018) At

646-535: The CGPM, and the staff at the site in Saint-Cloud perform the day-to-day work. The CGPM recognises two classes of membership – full membership for those states that wish to participate in the activities of the BIPM and associate membership for those countries or economies that only wish to participate in the CIPM MRA program. Associate members have observer status at the CGPM. Since all formal liaison between

680-494: The CIPM in respect of changes to the International System of Units (SI), approves the budget for the BIPM (over €13 million in 2018) and it decides all major issues concerning the organization and development of the BIPM. The structure is analogous to that of a stock corporation . The BIPM is the organisation, the CGPM is the general meeting of the shareholders, the CIPM is the board of directors appointed by

714-463: The CIPM include: From time to time the CIPM has been charged by the CGPM to undertake major investigations related to activities affecting the CGPM or the BIPM. Reports produced include: The Blevin Report , published in 1998, examined the state of worldwide metrology. The report originated from a resolution passed at the 20th CGPM (October 1995) which committed the CIPM to study and report on

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748-616: The Conference of the Metre in 1875, representatives of seventeen signed the convention on 20 May 1875. In April 1884, H. J. Chaney, Warden of Standards in London unofficially contacted the BIPM inquiring whether the BIPM would calibrate some metre standards that had been manufactured in the United Kingdom. Broch , director of the BIPM replied that he was not authorised to perform any such calibrations for non-member states. On 17 September 1884,

782-532: The Headquarters), the activities of which include the establishment of the basic standards and scales of the principal physical quantities and maintenance of the international prototype standards. The CGPM acts on behalf of the governments of its members. In so doing, it elects members to the CIPM, receives reports from the CIPM which it passes on to the governments and national laboratories on member states, examines and where appropriate approves proposals from

816-516: The Metre Convention was extended to accommodate all physical measurements and hence all aspects of the metric system . In 1960 the 11th CGPM approved the title International System of Units , usually known as "SI". The General Conference receives the report of the CIPM on work accomplished; it discusses and examines the arrangements required to ensure the propagation and improvement of the International System of Units (SI); it endorses

850-475: The convention organisations and national governments is handled by the member state's ambassador to France, it is implicit that member states must have diplomatic relations with France, though during both world wars, nations that were at war with France retained their membership of the CGPM. CGPM meetings are chaired by the Président de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris . Of the twenty countries that attended

884-416: The development of the SI and the preparation of the SI brochure. It has liaison with other international bodies such as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) , International Astronomical Union (IAU) , International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) , International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and International Commission on Illumination (CIE) . Official reports of

918-405: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KPA&oldid=1090071312 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages kPa The pascal (symbol: Pa ) is the unit of pressure in

952-637: The long-term national and international needs relating to metrology, the appropriate international collaborations and the unique role of the BIPM to meet these needs, and the financial and other commitments that will be required from the Member States in the coming decades. The report identified, amongst other things, a need for closer cooperation between the BIPM and other organisations such as International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) and International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) with clearly defined boundaries and interfaces between

986-614: The meetings of the CGPM, the CIPM, and all the Consultative Committees, are published by the BIPM. The secretariat is based in Saint-Cloud , Hauts-de-Seine , France . In 1999, the CIPM has established the CIPM Arrangement de reconnaissance mutuelle (Mutual Recognition Arrangement, MRA), which serves as the framework for the mutual acceptance of national measurement standards and for recognition of

1020-415: The organisations. Another major finding was the need for cooperation between accreditation laboratories and the need to involve developing countries in the world of metrology. The Kaarls Report published in 2003 examined the role of the BIPM in the evolving needs for metrology in trade, industry and society. The CIPM has responsibility for commissioning the SI brochure, which is the formal definition of

1054-483: The pascal measures the stiffness , tensile strength and compressive strength of materials. In engineering the megapascal (MPa) is the preferred unit for these uses, because the pascal represents a very small quantity. The pascal is also equivalent to the SI unit of energy density , the joule per cubic metre. This applies not only to the thermodynamics of pressurised gases, but also to the energy density of electric , magnetic , and gravitational fields. The pascal

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1088-567: The pressure of water column of average human height; so pressure has to be measured on arm roughly at the level of the heart. The units of atmospheric pressure commonly used in meteorology were formerly the bar (100,000 Pa), which is close to the average air pressure on Earth, and the millibar. Since the introduction of SI units , meteorologists generally measure pressures in hectopascals (hPa) unit, equal to 100 pascals or 1 millibar. Exceptions include Canada, which uses kilopascals (kPa). In many other fields of science, prefixes that are

1122-572: The results of new fundamental metrological determinations and various scientific resolutions of international scope; and it decides all major issues concerning the organization and development of the BIPM, including its financial endowment. The CGPM meets in Paris, usually once every four years. The 25th meeting of the CGPM took place from 18 to 20 November 2014, the 26th meeting of the CGPM took place in Versailles from 13 to 16 November 2018, and

1156-452: The validity of calibration and measurement certificates issued by national metrology institutes. A recent focus area of the CIPM has been the revision of the SI . The CIPM has set up a number of consultative committees (CC) to assist it in its work. These committees are under the authority of the CIPM. The president of each committee, who is expected to take the chair at CC meetings, is usually

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