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36-518: Kota Bharu ( Kelantanese : Koto Baghu ; Jawi : كوتبهارو ‎), colloquially referred to as KB , is a town in Malaysia that serves as the state capital and royal seat of Kelantan . It is situated in the northeastern part of Peninsular Malaysia and lies near the mouth of the Kelantan River . The town is home to many religious buildings , various museums, the unique architecture of

72-399: A few subdialects): Kelantan : Coastal (Narathiwat, Besut dialects), Central / River, Dabong / Inland Pattani : Yala, Saiburi, Bana Taning, Chenok / Chana, Nonthaburi / Bangkok Reman : Grik, Sik, Baling, Padang Terap, Batu Kugho / Selama, Southern Yala Creole/Pidgin : Samsam Malay (a mixed language of Thai and Pattani Malay spoken by those of mixed Thai-Malay ancestry) Kelantanese

108-482: A set of stress rules that is quite different to that of Standard Malay. Generally, in Kelantan-Pattani Malay, the primary stress falls on the last syllable if the word starts with a single consonant. However, in words with more than one syllable, syllables with a schwa /ə/ are unstressed. Syllables that do not have the schwa and are not in the word-final position take the secondary stress. If

144-487: A word has an initial syllable with a geminated consonant, that syllable automatically takes the primary stress. Nasi tumpang Nasi tumpang ( Kelantanese : Nasik tupe , Jawi : ‏ناسي تومڤڠ ‎) is a rice dish originating in Kelantan , Malaysia . Nasi tumpang consists of rice with different layers of viands shaped into a cone and wrapped in a banana leaf to retain its fragrance. Traditionally, it

180-601: Is a corruption of the Malay name for the modified Arabic alphabet for writing Malay, Jawi ( Jawi : جاوي ‎; IPA [ɟaˈwi] ). It is also referred to in Thai as phasa Malayu Pattani ( Thai : ภาษามลายูปัตตานี ; IPA: [pʰāːsǎː mālāːjūː pàttāːnīː] ) and similarly locally in Malay as bahasa Melayu Patani ( Jawi : بهاس ملايو ڤطاني ‎ , Rumi : bahasa Melayu Patani , local pronunciation: [baˈsɔ ˈnːaju ˈtːaniŋ] ). The language

216-790: Is also known as the Kedah Hulu dialect (in Kedah) and the Perak Hulu dialect (in Perak). However, these terms only apply to political and geographical factors rather than linguistic ones. This Reman variant has many dialects and subdialects across the areas where this variant is spoken. Kelantanese Malay is written both in Latin and in the Jawi alphabet , a writing system based on the Arabic script . This

252-472: Is different enough from Standand Malay that it is often unintelligible to speakers of the standard language. Differences include some differences in vocabulary, and different sound correspondences. The influence of Southern Thai and the Kelantan-Pattani Malay in Pattani upon each other is great, and both have large numbers of loanwords from the other. The influence of the Thai language makes comprehension between

288-648: Is ethnically Kelantanese Malay . The language spoken in Kota Bharu is Kelantan Malay dialect. There is also a fairly large Chinese population. Kota Bharu town's population is 93% Muslim, with the remainder consisting of Buddhists, Hindus and Christians. The predominantly urban local Chinese community mainly practices Buddhism. The Kelantanese culture is highly distinctive as compared to other states of Malaysia but also with some influences from Thailand due to its geographical proximity. Nasi berlauk , nasi dagang , nasi lemak and nasi kerabu are popular elements of

324-405: Is in stark contrast to the rest of the general population of Malay speakers in both Malaysia and Indonesia that now mainly use the Latin script, known in Malay as rumi ( رومي ), for daily communication. Today, Pattani Malay is generally not a written language , though it is sometimes written in informal settings. An old-fashioned form of standard Malay is used when writing is needed rather than

360-647: Is often called bahasa Patani in Pattani. Kelantanese is known in Standard Malay as bahasa Kelantan , and in Kelantanese as baso Kelate . It is also known as baso Besut or Kecek Kelate-Besut in Besut and Setiu of Terengganu State. One variant of Kelantan-Pattani Malay is the Reman variant, also known as bahasa Reman (according to the speakers of this area; the areas where this variant

396-531: Is possible via highway 4 . The Lebuhraya Rakyat , or People's Expressway, is a planned expressway that is to connect Kota Bharu to Kuala Krai in southern Kelantan. The project has been integrated into the Central Spine Road project (assigned as highway 34), scheduled to be complete by 2020. Notable educational establishments include Open University Malaysia , Universiti Tun Abdul Razak , MSU College and Wadi Sofia International School. However,

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432-609: Is required to learn Standard Malay in Thailand and so there is potentially less language influence from Standard Malay but potentially more from Thai . It is also distinct from Kedah Malay , Pahang Malay and Terengganu Malay , but those languages are much more closely related to the Kelantanese-Pattani Malay language than Standard Malay. The language is often referred to in Thai as phasa Yawi ( Thai : ภาษายาวี ; IPA: [pʰāːsǎː jāːwīː] ), which

468-849: Is spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan , as well as in Besut and Setiu districts of Terengganu and the Perhentian Islands . It is also spoken in the Merapoh township, in the Lipis district of Pahang since this town borders the state of Kelantan. Many people in the districts of Baling , Sik and Padang Terap in Kedah as well as the Hulu Perak district of Perak speak Kelantan-Patani language of Reman dialects, since most of

504-515: The Gulf of Thailand . It is also influenced by Thai in Thailand. Kelantanese-Pattani Malay is distinct enough that radio broadcasts in Standard Malay cannot be understood easily by native speakers of Kelantan-Pattani Malay, such as those in Thailand, who are not taught the standard variety of the language . Unlike Malaysia, where Standard Malay is compulsory in the school curriculum, no one

540-674: The Islamic City of Kota Bharu Municipal Council ( Malay : Majlis Perbandaran Kota Bharu Bandar Raya Islam, MPKB-BRI , Jawi : مجليس ڤربندرن كوتا بهارو بندراي اسلام) and formerly known as the Kota Bharu Town Council ( Malay : Majlis Bandaran Kota Bharu ) from 1936 until 1971 and the Kota Bharu Town Board ( Malay : Lembaga Bandaran Kota Bharu ) from 1971 until 1978, is the local authority of Kota Bharu. The vast majority of Kota Bharu's population

576-434: The 14th century, the area became vassals to Ayutthaya , but the region was autonomous and never fully incorporated into modern Thai nation-state until 1902. This political autonomy and isolation from the rest of the Malay world allowed for the preservation of the Malay language and culture but also led to the divergence of the dialect. Kelantan-Pattani Malay can be divided into three major variants and several dialects (and

612-701: The Kelantan River. During World War II, Pantai Sabak, about 10 km (6.2 mi) from Kota Bharu, was the initial landing point of the Japanese invasion forces on 8 December 1941, beginning the Battle of Kota Bharu , the first battle of the Malayan campaign . Japanese forces captured the city and would go on to successfully engage the British in jungle warfare and ultimately capture Singapore . Kota Bharu

648-464: The Malay people there are the descendants of Kelantanese migrants and Pattani refugees (in which whereby these regions were once parts of the Reman Kingdom of Pattani). Pattani Malay is the main language of the Thai provinces Narathiwat , Yala and Pattani where ethnic Malays make up the majority of the population, it is also spoken in parts of Songkhla and Bangkok . It is less spoken in

684-772: The Mydin Mall in Bandar Baru Kubang Kerian opened. AEON Mall in Lembah Sireh opened in April 2016. A new Giant Hypermarket located in Bandar Baru Tunjong was opened in 2016, as well as a Mydin store at Bandar Baru Tunjong by 2021. Strong surf threatens all major beaches in the vicinity of Kota Bharu with substantial erosion. The community has been implementing wave breakers by piling up massive amounts of boulders in an effort to protect

720-772: The Pattani variety of Kelatan-Pattani Malay and Standard Malay a bit more difficult than comprehension between the Kelantanese variety of Kelantan-Pattani Malay and Standard Malay. (SM ≙ KPM) (SM) (KPM) (SM ≙ KPM) (SM) (KPM) final /r/ and /n/ after non-a vowel mid /d͡ʒ/ Note(s): Speakers in the Pattani region are also noted to use loans directly from Thai such as tahang "army" from ทหาร RTGS :  tá-hǎan , torosak "telephone" from โทรศัพท์ RTGS :  toorá-sàp and besek "receipt" from ใบเสร็จ RTGS :  bai-set . Gemination occurs for various purposes and in various forms in Kelatan-Pattani Malay. At

756-467: The coastline. Regular beach activity has become impossible as visitors frequent beaches further south. In terms of tourism, the most famous beach in Kota Bharu is Pantai Cahaya Bulan. Diving in Kota Bharu is a relatively new activity. At present, only one dive shop operates in the area. Trips out to the wreck of the IJN Awazisan Maru (known locally as the "Japanese Invasion Wreck") are among

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792-496: The local cuisine. Sweet cakes, or kuih , are also popular amongst the Kelantanese. Other popular foods include nasi tumpang , etok, akok, lompat tikam & netbak. Kota Bharu features a tropical monsoon climate bordering on a tropical rainforest climate . Kota Bharu does not have a true dry season although the city experiences noticeably heavier rainfall from August through January. Also, Kota Bharu experiences slightly cooler temperatures between December and February than during

828-407: The local dialect. A phonetic rendering of Pattani Malay in the Thai alphabet has been introduced, but it has not been met with much success due to the socio-religious significance of Jawi to Muslim Malays. Southern Thailand has continued to be a region affected by two cultural spheres: the mainly Buddhist, Thai-speaking Siamese kingdoms and the mainly Muslim, Malay-speaking sultanates. The region

864-709: The most plentiful type of school are national schools, which include The most famous shopping destination in Kota Bharu is Siti Khadijah Market . Most of its sellers are women. Next to Central Market is the Kota Bharu Trade Centre (KBTC) which was opened in August 2009, with Parkson as the anchor tenants for the mall. Other shopping centres in Kota Bharu are the KB Mall, Kota Seri Mutiara, G-Orange Mall, Pantai Timur and Platinum Mall. A Tesco supermarket opened in 2008, later renamed Lotus's . In March 2010,

900-399: The name of the city is written as Kota Baharu. Kota Bharu was founded during the late 19th century. Before the establishment, Kota Bharu was home to Kelantan's Royal Palace, then established by Sultan Muhammad II of Kelantan in 1844 as Kelantan's state capital who wanted the new state capital built in his honour. Prior to this, Kota Bharu was known as Kuala Kelantan. Before Kota Bharu assumed

936-536: The old royal palaces (still occupied by the sultan and sultanah and off-limits to visitors but viewable from outside) and former royal buildings (which can be visited). It is served by Keretapi Tanah Melayu 's East Coast Line at the nearby Wakaf Bharu Terminal Station, in the town of Wakaf Bharu across the Kelantan River and Sultan Ismail Petra Airport , located in Pengkalan Chepa . Kota Bharu means "new city" or "new castle/fort" in Malay. Occasionally,

972-529: The other side of the river, 6 km from the city centre. The under construction MRL East Coast Rail Link will have a station at Kota Bahru. The Kota Bharu station will be located near Kampung Tunjong. Highway 8 is the main highway leading Kota Bharu to the federal capital Kuala Lumpur . Highway 3 connects Kota Bharu to Pasir Mas and the Thailand border in the west, or Kuala Terengganu , Kuantan or even Johor Bahru due south. Connection to Penang

1008-413: The phonemic level, these geminations are transcribed as /CC/ but they are pronounced as [Cː] so /dd/ is pronounced as [dː] . These geminations are derived by deleting the initial syllable and replacing it with a geminated form of the initial consonant of the remaining word. These geminates are derived by deleting the initial morpheme of a reduplicated word and replacing it with a geminated form of

1044-737: The province of Satun , where despite making up the majority, ethnic Malays generally speak Southern Thai and their Malay dialect is similar to Kedah Malay . It is also spoken in scattered villages as far north as Hat Yai . In the past, Malay was the main language as far north as the Isthmus of Kra , the traditional division between Central Thailand and Southern Thailand , based on the preponderance of etymologically Malay place names. There are 21 consonants and 12 vowels in Pattani Malay. The phonemes /r/ and /z/ only appear in some loanwords or proper names. Note(s): Kelantan-Pattani Malay

1080-427: The remaining morpheme. Unlike the geminations acquired from initial syllable reduction, these geminates are not free variants of their Standard Malay counterparts. In this situation, a word with a function is deleted and the word afterwards is geminated. This sort of gemination is a free variant of its Standard Malay counterpart. Many loanwords tend to have initial geminated consonants too. Kelantan-Pattani Malay has

1116-462: The rest of the year.The city sees on average about 2,600 millimetres (100 in) of precipitation annually. Grab Car services, available for 24 hours a day, are provided in Kota Bharu since April 2017. Kota Bharu is serviced by Sultan Ismail Petra Airport , the busiest airport in east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (IATA: KBR ). The closest railway station is the Wakaf Bharu station on

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1152-459: The role, the Kelantanese capital was divided into two which were Kota Kubang Labu and Kota Pengkalan Datu. During the 19th century, Kelantan was a prosperous and populous state with a population of around 30,000 to 50,000 people including a thousand Chinese. Production from within the state include gold, tin ore, black pepper, areca nut, rice, rattan, bamboo, agarwood and songket. Kota Bharu acts as entrepot for goods due to its strategic location beside

1188-504: The sites offered. This Japanese transport ship was the first vessel to sink in the Pacific War . The wreck is a 30-minute boat journey from a jetty which is 10 minutes outside of Kota Bharu. As of 2018, Kota Bharu has two sister city : Kelantanese Kelantan-Pattani Malay is highly divergent from other Malay varieties because of its geographical isolation from the rest of the Malay world by high mountains, deep rainforests and

1224-411: Was a warehouse of trade where merchants from Europe, India, Arabia, China, Siam, and other parts of the Malay world met. At first dominated by Hindu-Buddhist Indian influences, the great kingdom of Srivijaya would later fall into chaos. Islam was introduced by Arab and Indian traders in the 11th century and has been the dominant religion ever since, replacing Buddhism and Hinduism that had held sway. By

1260-549: Was declared as the "Cultural City" on 25 July 1991 by the late Sultan Ismail Petra on the basis of two important aspects – the history of Kota Bharu and the uniqueness of its local arts and cultures. Kota Bharu was rebranded as the "Islamic City" ( Malay : Bandar Raya Islam ) by the Kelantan State Government on 1 October 2005 through its "Developing With Islam" ( Malay : Membangun Bersama Islam ) policy. Kota Bharu Municipal Council , officially known as

1296-512: Was spoken were under the Reman state of the Kingdom of Pattani that was abolished in 1902 in which the areas were Batu Kurau, inland Perak (Gerik, Pengkalan Hulu, Lenggong) and inland Kedah (Sik, Baling, Padang Terap)). The Reman viarants are known as various names such as bahasa Patani , bahasa Patani Kedah-Perak , basa Grik , Cakak Hulu , basa Kapong , basa Baling etc. It

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