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22-398: The name of the town comes from the land owner Kolbusz. It appeared for the first time in 1503 in place where Poręby Wielkie used to exist. The town, which belonged to Sandomierz Voivodeship , was probably founded before 1683, when it was mentioned in a trade regulating document of Józef Karol Lubomirski . Kolbuszowa was located on an important trade route from Sandomierz to Przemyśl . As

44-524: A ziemia : ziemia lubelska is also called Lubelszczyzna , while ziemia opolska (named after Opole ) - Opolszczyzna . The term ziemia appeared for the first time in medieval Poland (12th-13th centuries), after the fragmentation of Poland . It referred to a former princedom or duchy , which was unified with the Polish Kingdom , and lost its political sovereignty, but retained its hierarchy of officials and bureaucracy . From around

66-506: A voivodeship and a certain voivode, but nevertheless retained some distinct privileges and properties, such as often having their own sejmik (regional parliament), and were still referred to as a ziemia , not a voivodeship. Some voivodeships, such as Ruthenian Voivodeship or Masovian Voivodeship , consisted of several ziemias , each divided into counties ( powiat ). Over subsequent centuries, ziemia s became increasingly integrated into their voivodeships and lost most of their autonomy. In

88-599: Is twinned with: Sandomierz Voivodeship Sandomierz Voivodeship ( Polish : Województwo Sandomierskie , Latin : Palatinatus Sandomirensis ) was a unit of administration and local government in Poland from the 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795. It was part of the Lesser Poland region and the Lesser Poland Province . Originally Sandomierz Voivodeship also covered

110-459: Is a historical unit of administration in Poland and Ruthenia . In the Polish language , the term is not capitalized ( ziemia chełmińska , Chelmno Land ; not Ziemia Chełmińska ). All ziemias are named after main urban centers (or gords ) of a given area: ziemia krakowska (after Kraków ), or ziemia lubelska (after Lublin ). In some cases, the suffix "-szczyzna" is added to the name of

132-549: The Imperial Russia there was an institution of zemstvo or local council. Today they are not units of administration, and in modern Poland are only generic geographical terms referring to certain parts of Poland. Currently, the term ziemia may apply to any area, historic or not, which is located around a main town or city. In Ukraine the term was intended to be introduced by Mykhailo Hrushevskyi in Ukraine as part of

154-948: The Sejm were elected, as well as two deputies to the Lesser Poland Tribunal in Lublin (...) The soil in the northern part of the voivodeship was sandy, while in its center and south it was very rich. In the area of Opatow, famous wheat was produced, called sandomierka or opatowka. There also were large forests, as well as deposits of marble, copper, iron and lime (...) Among oldest urban centers of Sandomierz Voivodeship were Sandomierz, Wislica , Nowy Korczyn , Zawichost , Radom . Main castles were at Chrobrze, Osiek, Ilza , Checiny , Janowiec nad Wisla. Most important monasteries were at Lysa Gora, Sieciechow, Opatow, Wachock and Koprzywnica". Voivodeship Governor ( Wojewoda ) seat: Regional council (sejmik generalny) seats: In 1397, part of

176-535: The 14th century some of the former princedoms, now ziemia s, were assigned to officials known as voivodes and became primary units of administration known as voivodeships (provinces). Therefore, the Duchy of Sandomierz was turned into the Land of Sandomierz , which in the early 14th century became Sandomierz Voivodeship . However, in some cases ziemia s were not transformed into voivodeships. They were subordinated to

198-455: The Land of Sandomierz together with the Land of Lublin . The Duchy of Sandomierz was thus created (...) During the reign of Wladyslaw Lokietek , the duchy was turned into a large voivodeship. In ca. 1471, the Land of Lublin was separated from it (...) The area of Sandomierz Voivodeship was 467 square miles, with 374 Roman Catholic parishes, 100 towns, and 2,586 villages. In 1397 left bank part of

220-637: The Sandomierz Voivodeship which was located on the western bank of the Vistula , was divided into three counties: In 1662, Sandomierz Voivodeship consisted of the following counties: Sandomierz Voivodeship was also a proposed voivodeship of Second Polish Republic , which never was created because of the Nazi and Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939 . The idea of creation of this unit

242-557: The area around Lublin , but in 1474 its three eastern counties were organized into Lublin Voivodeship . In the 16th century, it had 374 parishes, 100 towns and 2586 villages. The voivodeship was based on the Sandomierz ziemia , which earlier was the Duchy of Sandomierz . The Duchy of Sandomierz was created in 1138 by King Bolesław III Wrymouth , who in his testament divided Poland into five principalities. One of them, with

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264-604: The capital at Sandomierz, was assigned to Krzywousty's son, Henry of Sandomierz . Later on, with southern part of the Seniorate Province (which emerged into the Duchy of Kraków ), the Duchy of Sandomierz created Lesser Poland , divided into Kraków and Sandomierz Voivodeships. Sandomierz Voivodeship was also one of the voivodeships of Congress Poland . Created in 1816 from the Radom Department , in 1837 it

286-632: The ghetto was emptied and its entire population was moved to a ghetto in Rzeszów . On September 9, 1939, a 2-day battle between the Polish Army (121st light tank company) and the German 2nd Panzer Division took place here. During the war units of Polish Armia Krajowa (AK) and BCh ( Polish Peasants' Battalions ) operating in this area discovered testing sites for the German V-1 and V-2 rockets in

308-501: The nearby towns of Blizna / Pustkow . The Red Army entered Kolubuszowa in July 1944 and local Polish AK units (as part of Operation Tempest ) attacked retreating German units; several dozen partisans died in the operation. After World War II, Kolbuszowa was rebuilt. New school districts were created, as well as a library and Museum of Culture. In 1964, a new rail link was established: Rzeszów – Głogów Małopolski – Kolbuszowa. In 1971, it

330-681: The owners of the area were the Leliwa Tarnowski , Kolbuszowa belonged to Sandomierz County . With regard to the Roman Catholic Church, Kolbuszowa was within the diocese of Kraków , but in 1786 it was moved under the jurisdiction of the diocese of Tarnów . During the partitions of Poland the town was in the Rzeszów district of the Austrian Galicia and in 1867 it became the seat of its own county ( powiat ). Before World War II, half of Kolbuszowa's population

352-414: The province was divided into three counties – Sandomierz, Radom and Checiny . In the early 16th century the voivodeship had 9 counties: Sandomierz, Wislica , Checiny, Opoczno , Radom, Szydłów , Stezyca , Pilzno and Tarnów . By late 16th century, Tarnow county was annexed by Pilzno county, while Szydlow county was divided between Wislica and Sandomierz (...) Sandomierz Voivodeship had nine senators:

374-496: The voivode and the castellan of Sandomierz, and castellans of Wislica, Radom, Zawichost , Żarnów , Malogoszcz , Połaniec and Czchow . The voivodeship had several starostas , who resided in such towns, as Sandomierz, Radom, Checiny, Opoczno, Nowy Korczyn , Stezyca, Wislica, Pilzno, Stopnica , Solec nad Wisla , Zawichost, Szydlow, Przedborz , Ropczyce , Ryczywol , Radoszyce , Ryki , Zwolen , Gołąb and others. Local sejmiks took place at Opatow , at which seven deputies to

396-570: The voivodeship remained unchanged from 1474 to the first partition of Poland (1772), when the Habsburg monarchy annexed the area south of the Vistula , with Dębica, Kolbuszowa, Mielec, Nisko and Tarnów. Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland gives a detailed description of Sandomierz Voivodeship: “Duke Boleslaw Krzywousty , before his death in 1138, divided Poland between his four sons, giving Henryk

418-515: Was Jewish. The coat of arms of the city features a Christian cross and a Star of David with hands shaking between them to symbolize the friendship between Jewish and Christian Poles in Kolbuszowa. During the war, German troops burned down part of the town and about half of the Jewish population perished. In September 1941 Germans established a ghetto and interned 2500 people. In September 1942

440-546: Was extended to Nowa Dęba and Tarnobrzeg . This connected Kolbuszowa to all the major cities in Poland including the capital, Warsaw. It was a culmination of decades of preparations which started when this part of Poland was under the control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . The 2023 Netflix series 1670 was filmed in the open-air Museum of Folk Culture  [ pl ] in Kolbuszowa. Kolbuszowa

462-538: Was the brainchild of Minister of Industry and Trade Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski , and it was directly linked with creation of one of the biggest economic projects of interbellum Poland, Central Industrial Region . It was to cover south-central Poland, and most probably, it was to be created in late 1939. Its projected size was 24.500 square kilometers, and it was to incorporate 20 or 21 powiats . 50°40′52″N 21°44′40″E  /  50.681049°N 21.744507°E  / 50.681049; 21.744507 Ziemia Land

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484-875: Was transformed into the Sandomierz Governorate . Sandomierz Voivodeship in its original shape was one of the largest provinces of the Kingdom of Poland . After Lublin Voivodeship was created out of its eastern territories, the province stretched from Białobrzegi in the north, to the area north of Krosno in the south (the town of Krosno itself belonged to Red Ruthenia ). It included such cities and towns of contemporary Poland, as Dębica , Dęblin , Iłża , Kielce , Kolbuszowa , Końskie , Kozienice , Lipsko , Mielec , Nisko , Opoczno , Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski , Pińczów , Pionki , Radom , Ropczyce , Ryki , Stalowa Wola , Starachowice , Staszów , Szydłowiec , Tarnów , Tarnobrzeg and Włoszczowa . The shape of

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