Kootenay Lake Crossing is a powerline crossing of Kootenay Lake , British Columbia , Canada . The idea was to transport electricity from the Hydro dam on the Kootenay River at Brilliant to the Cominco Sullivan Mine at Kimberley. The most direct route was across Kootenay Lake. Originally it was with a span width of 3,248 metres (10,656 ft) the longest powerline span of North America and fixed on three - for each conductor a single one - 19 metres tall towers at the west shore and a 112 metres (367 ft) tall electricity pylon on the east shore. This tower was erected in spite of high mountains on the east shore for building short towers were available, as erecting span terminal towers on them would have required a longer span, for which the use of spliced conductors were required, which was undesired as the splicing point is a potential point of failure. Roebling cable provided the steel support cable for the conductor. The height of conductor over Kootenay Lake was 37 metres (121 ft).
42-510: Kootenay Lake Crossing was inaugurated in 1952, but on March 8, 1962, the huge tower on the east shore was destroyed by explosives placed by the Sons of Freedom religious sect of the Doukhobors . As at those days longer unspliced conductor ropes were available, the destroyed tower was not rebuilt, instead as replacement a 19 metres tall tower triple like that on the west shore of Kootenay Lake on
84-527: A decision to seize the Sons of Freedom children, it was in an attempt to respond to the widespread civil disorder happening in the Kootenays . The Federal Department of Justice faced two problems with the apprehension and conviction of the Sons of Freedom: where should the adult convicts be confined and what should be done with their children? In the years leading up to the creation of the residential schools,
126-513: A higher area on the east shore was built. The powerline is still in operation today, but today with 63 kV instead of 170 kV as originally proposed. This article about electric power transmission is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a building or structure in British Columbia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Freedomites The Freedomite movement split-off from
168-425: A lively nighttime street market in the heart of Nelson's downtown, happens twice each summer. The markets all offer regional farm produce, delicious foods, and a variety of locally hand-crafted products. Two local hiking trails are popular. The Pulpit Rock Trail offers a short but somewhat challenging hike that ends with a view of the city. After Pulpit Rock, the trail continues up the spine of Elephant Mountain (as
210-609: A regional silver rush , Nelson is one of the three cities forming the commercial and population core of the West Kootenay region, the others being Castlegar and Trail . The city is the seat of the Regional District of Central Kootenay . It is represented in the provincial legislature by the riding of Nelson-Creston , and in the Parliament of Canada by the riding of Kootenay—Columbia . The city of Nelson
252-802: A small city southwest of Nelson, were jointly voted the best ski locales in North America by the readers of California-based Powder magazine. Mountain biking is part of the local culture, and Nelson offers a wide variety of MTB-oriented trails for all experience levels. Rock climbing is also a popular summer activity. Kootenay Crag, Hall Siding, Grohman Narrows and CIC Bluffs are popular city crags. Slocan Bluffs and Kinnaird are in nearby Slocan City and Castlegar. 2003 saw bouldering take off in Nelson, with extensive new development of bouldering areas in Grohman Narrows and nearby Robson. Nelson
294-595: Is also located close to Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park . On January 13, 2007, Nelson was the broadcast location for the annual Hockey Day in Canada special. Highways 3A and 6 pass through Nelson, while a scheduled commercial airline service is available at the West Kootenay Regional Airport in Castlegar, approximately 43 kilometres (27 mi) southwest of the city. Trail Airport
336-484: Is another nearby airport, while Nelson Airport is several blocks away from downtown Nelson. Public transit in Nelson is provided by the West Kootenay Transit System , which runs several routes within the city and to neighbouring communities. Both Level 2 and Level 3 (DC fast-charging) electric vehicle charging stations have been installed in the city. A carsharing service is available in
378-532: Is home to the Tenth Street and Silver King campuses of Selkirk College , which absorbed Kootenay School of the Arts as a department and was renamed Kootenay Studio Arts. Kootenay Columbia College of Integrative Health Sciences has three campuses on Baker Street in Nelson. The Nelson Daily News was a local newspaper which began publishing in 1902. In 2010, it was announced the paper would shut down following
420-546: Is located nearby, close to the neighbouring town of Castlegar. Nelson 1917-1920 used Single transferable vote (STV), a form of proportional representation, to elect its councillors. Councillors were elected in one at-large district. Each voter casts just a single vote using a ranked transferable ballot. During the Vietnam War , many American draft evaders settled in Nelson and the surrounding area. This influx of liberal, mostly educated young people significantly impacted
462-534: Is situated in the western Kootenay region of British Columbia, which is part of the traditional territories of the Sinixt (or Lakes) and Ktunaxa (Kutenai) peoples. Gold and silver were found in the area in 1867. Following the discovery of silver at nearby Toad Mountain in 1886, the town's population quickly expanded, leading to incorporation in 1897. Two railways were built to pass through Nelson. Due to its location near transportation corridors, Nelson grew to supply
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#1732779835878504-713: The Doukhobors , a community of Spiritual Christians who began a mass migration from Russia to Canada in 1898. The Freedomite movement first appeared in 1902 in what is now Saskatchewan , and later most moved to the Kootenay and Boundary Districts of British Columbia . Freedomites began to divide from Doukhobors in 1902 in Saskatchewan, Canada, self-named as "God's people" and Svobodniki (Russian: "sovereign/ free people"). The faction, later called "Freedomites", opposed land ownership, public schools, using work animals, etc. and are mainly known for protesting nude. By 1920
546-463: The Russian Empire , conflict soon developed, most importantly over the schooling of children and land registration. These Svobodniki generally refused to send their children to government-run schools. The governments of Saskatchewan and later British Columbia did not heed reports by sociologists to appease the concerns of parents, and chose to legally charge many of the parents for not sending
588-465: The 1900s, Nelson boasted several fine hotels, a Hudson's Bay Company store and an electric streetcar system. The local forestry and mining industries were well established. The town built its own hydroelectric generating system. English immigrants planted lakeside orchards, and Doukhobors from Russia, sponsored by Tolstoy and the Quakers , tilled the valley benchlands. The Doukhobor museum
630-497: The 20th century, but the periods of greatest activity were during the 1920s and 1960s. Both arson and bombing were used. The first use of explosives occurred in 1923, and two were killed by their own bombs in 1958 and 1962. Targets included their own property and unfortunate Doukhobor neighbors to further exhibit their loathing of materialism, attacks on schools to resist government pressure to school Svobodnik children, and attacks on transportation and communications. One such incident
672-471: The Freedomites emphasized basic traditional Russian communal living and action — growing food, building homes, living a peaceful rural life, ecstatic religious doctrine when agitated for protest, and anarchic attitudes towards external regulation. Freedomites were strict vegetarians and oppose all government regulation. Although Canada at first provided a more tolerant religious environment than
714-616: The Kootenay Country Co-op is "the largest independent member-owned natural food store in Canada and a respected player nationally in organic retail circles." The Save-On-Foods in Nelson is that company's leading store for organic and natural foods. The Nelson Brewing Company is a microbrewery in Nelson. Nelson is noted as a cultural centre. Nelson has benefited from art education opportunities for many decades. While high-school-level art classes had always existed, in 1960, art instruction became more centralized when
756-431: The Sons of Freedom had become a concern for the province of British Columbia as a whole; they seemed to have a problem with any sort of government, in addition to the laws and policies that were being enforced. Public and Authorities were unhappy because the Sons of Freedom did not register their births, deaths or marriages that occurred within their communities; nor did they send their children to public schools. Public alarm
798-468: The area's cultural and political demographics. Nelson's mountainous geography kept growth confined to the narrow valley bottom, except for specific hillside structures such as the local High School and the former Notre Dame University College (NDU) campus. Throughout the '60s and '70s, when more prosperous cities were tearing down and rebuilding their downtowns to the design of the time, Nelson merchants 'modernized' their buildings with aluminum siding. In
840-438: The buildings to their original brilliance. Local designer Bob Inwood, one of Nelson's many American immigrants, played a significant role as a consultant. By 1985, Baker Street was completely transformed. Affirmation of the street's success came in 1986 when Steve Martin chose to produce his feature film Roxanne primarily in Nelson, using the local fire hall as a primary set and many historic locations for others. More broadly,
882-404: The children to school. The Svobodniki became famous for various public protests—sometimes publicly burning their own money and possessions and parading nude in public. There was a doctrinal justification for nudity: that human skin, as God's creation, was more perfect than clothes, the imperfect work of human hands. This public nudity has generally been interpreted as a form of protest against
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#1732779835878924-696: The common English term for them became Sons of Freedom . Of about 20,000 active Doukhobors in Canada today, ancestors of about 2,500 were Freedomites, and many descendants have joined the USCC Community Doukhobors. Freedomite meetings were similar to other spiritual Christian folk- Protestants from Russia. They met in simple buildings, sat on benches, men and women separated facing each other, prayed in Russian, sang religious hymns and songs in Russian, and spoke about matters of religious and community interest mostly in Russian. The ideals of
966-586: The early 1980s, Nelson suffered a devastating economic downturn when the local Kootenay Forest Products sawmill was closed. Downtown merchants were already suffering from the opening of a large, regional shopping centre on Nelson's central waterfront, the Chahko Mika Mall. At the time, Victoria and Vancouver were experimenting with historical restorations of their oldest areas, with some success. To save downtown and Baker Street from blight, Nelson quickly followed suit, stripping aluminum facades and restoring
1008-506: The federal government in "Operation Snatch". These children were confined in New Denver, BC in a prison-like setting. The Sons of Freedom children are alleged to have lost their human rights throughout their imprisonment by the BC government. The following is a timeline of the actions that were taken leading up to, during, and after the confinement of the children. When the government made
1050-733: The former Notre Dame buildings. The independent artists-run Oxygen Art Centre was developed by the Nelson Fine Art Centre Society (founded in 2002) by former writing and visual art faculty from the Kootenay School of the Arts. In 2005, the Society opened the Oxygen Art Centre in downtown Nelson, offering classes, exhibitions, and residencies. The Nelson Museum, Archives & Gallery provides gallery space for travelling exhibitions, and work by some of
1092-665: The local mining activity and soon became the region's transportation and distribution centre. Nelson was named in 1888 after Hugh Nelson , then Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. Francis Rattenbury , an architect most noted in British Columbia for the Parliament Buildings in Victoria, the Vancouver Provincial Courthouse , and the second Hotel Vancouver , designed chateau-style civic buildings made of granite, which stand today. By
1134-474: The locals call it) to more postcard views and eventually to the radio towers visible everywhere in the city. Hikers venturing beyond Pulpit Rock should have essential wilderness gear and exercise common sense. Public access to the Pulpit Rock trail has been restored with the opening, in the spring of 2009, of a new access point several hundred metres west of the old trailhead, which was on private land. In
1176-568: The materialist tendencies of society. Nudity is sometimes used as a tactic during a protest to attract media and public attention to a cause. Public nudity is used widely around the world today, with groups like the Ukrainian feminist activist group FEMEN , and the animal rights organization PETA . A small minority of the Freedomites were noted for their arson campaigns, as a protest against materialistic life. They targeted belongings and other material possessions. The attacks occurred throughout
1218-701: The next four years in what she said felt like a jail. They were housed with nearly 200 other in a residential school in New Denver, B.C. " Nelson, British Columbia Nelson is a city located in the Selkirk Mountains on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake in the Southern Interior of British Columbia , Canada. Known as "The Queen City" and acknowledged for its impressive collection of restored heritage buildings from its glory days in
1260-423: The night. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Nelson had a population of 11,106 living in 4,948 of its 5,314 total private dwellings, a change of 5.1% from its 2016 population of 10,572. With a land area of 11.93 km (4.61 sq mi), it had a population density of 930.9/km (2,411.1/sq mi) in 2021. Nelson's poverty rate has been ascertained to be more than twice
1302-605: The post-secondary Nelson School of Fine Art opened. After this closed in 1977, it was succeeded in 1979 by offerings from the University of Victoria-sponsored David Thompson University Centre, located in the buildings of Nelson’s former Notre Dame University. In 1991, the Kootenay School of the Arts opened. It was an independent institution featuring fine crafts. In 2006, it was absorbed by Selkirk College and renamed Kootenay Studio Arts. In addition, Selkirk College offers another respected department, its School of Music & Media, in
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1344-473: The provincial and national averages. According to the 2021 census , religious groups in Nelson included: Traditionally, the economy of Nelson and the surrounding area has been primarily resource-based (forestry, in particular). This sector still represents a component of the area’s employment. Nelson is also a provincial administrative center for the Kootenays, and several regional and district offices of
1386-426: The provincial government have been centralized in Nelson, as well as some Federal offices. Tourism has been of growing importance to the city. Many fine craftspeople live in the Nelson region, and the city’s retail sector includes outlets where they can sell their creations. In recent decades, Nelson and its region had been noted for illegal marijuana production, with The Guardian reporting in 2010 that: Nelson
1428-479: The region's artists. In 1998, Nelson was highlighted as the "Number One Small Town Arts Community in Canada" by the publisher of The 100 Best Small Arts Towns in America, and is home to a large and diverse artisan community. The annual Artwalk , a display of artwork at various venues around town, features local talent where trippers and artwalkers (as the locals call them) can get an up close and personal look at
1470-549: The removal, saying that it is not responsible for actions taken by the government in place 50 years ago. On February 1, 2024, the provincial British Columbian government formally apologized for the treatment of the Freedomite children. Between 1953 and 1959, roughly 200 Sons of Freedom (Freedomite) children, aged 7–15, were seized by the BC government, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), and
1512-648: The studios and creative processes of local artisans. July, August and September mark three months of exhibitions throughout the downtown core in a variety of galleries and local businesses. Each month has a separate grand opening (usually the first Friday evening of the month), which includes refreshments, musicians, panhandlers and artwork for locals and visitors to enjoy as they stroll through downtown Nelson. The Nelson Farmers Market located at Cottonwood Falls Park takes place every Saturday from May through October. The Downtown Farmers Market happens on Baker Street every Wednesday from June through September. Market Night,
1554-1086: The town through the Kootenay Carshare Co-operative Nelson is served by the freight-only Kootenay Valley Railway , an internal business unit of the Canadian Pacific Railway . Nelson is the historic headquarters of the CPR Kootenay Division , serving as the meeting point of the CPR Boundary subdivision running towards Castlegar, BC , and the CPR Nelson subdivision running towards Cranbrook. School District 8 Kootenay Lake operates public schools in Nelson and surrounding communities. Nelson Christian Community School. NCCS. K-Gr.8 St. Joseph's Catholic School The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates one French-language school: école des Sentiers-alpins . Nelson
1596-483: The transformation marked the beginning of Nelson's ongoing transition from a resource-based town to an arts and tourism town. A walk down Baker Street through the Historic District is now one of Nelson's promoted visitor activities . Nelson has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold and snowy, while summers are warm and drier, with cool temperatures during
1638-528: The winter, skiing and snowboarding are Nelson's primary outdoor activities. Thirty minutes south of town is the Whitewater Ski Resort , which provides access (via one triple chairlift, one double chairlift, one quad chairlift, and a handle tow) to 396 vertical metres (1,299 ft) of beginner to advanced terrain. The resort also provides access to hundreds of kilometres of off-piste skiing and back-country touring. In 2012, Nelson and Rossland,
1680-451: Was able to make the transition from a typical rural lumber town into a thriving arts and mountain sports hotbed, due in part to the wealth generated by marijuana growers. If one were to have spent the last three years in this idyllic mountain hamlet, the economic crisis would have been barely noticeable. Nelson has several retail outlets for natural foods, including a year-round market specializing in these products. A local news source claimed
1722-540: Was increasing, based on the fears that the unruly incidents of nude protests, burning of homes and buildings and bombings of bridges and railways, were not being attended to by the RCMP. "It was between 5 a.m. and 6 a.m. and Elsie Ericson's mother had just begun lighting the stove when four RCMP officers barged into their tiny wooden home in the village of Krestova, B.C. The child jumped out of bed and hid under it, only to be dragged out by their feet. Elsie and her brother spent
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1764-568: Was the bombing of a railway bridge in Nelson, British Columbia in 1961. Most of these acts were committed in the nude. Among the reactions of the British Columbia and Canadian government was taking away Freedomite children and placing them in an internment center in New Denver . Abuse of these children was later alleged, and a formal apology demanded. The BC government made an official Statement of Regret that satisfied some, but not others. The Government of Canada has not apologized for its role in
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