Korean Chinese , also called Chaoxianzu (Chinese: 朝鲜族 ; Korean : 조선족 ; RR : Joseonjok ), is the Korean ( Joseon ) ethnic minority group in China. They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups by the Government of China and the Chinese Communist Party . They account for the vast majority of ethnic Koreans in China .
22-593: Korean Chinese refers to ethnic Koreans with Chinese nationality. Chinese Korean or Korean Chinese may refer to: Korean Chinese Chaoxianzu are Chinese nationals mostly born in China. "Chaoxianzu" is an official term used in China and occasionally globally. The number of Koreans migrating from the Korean Peninsula to Manchuria increased significantly in the late 19th century and early 20th century, forming their own communities, especially in
44-560: Is an autonomous prefecture in the east of Jilin Province , China . Yanbian is bordered to the north by Heilongjiang Province , on the west by Jilin's Baishan City and Jilin City , on the south by North Korea 's North Hamgyong Province and on the east by Primorsky Krai in Russia . Yanbian is designated as a Korean autonomous prefecture due to the large number of Chaoxianzu living in
66-1043: The 2020 census : As on the Korean peninsula, the most common surname among Yanbian Koreans is Kim ( Jin [ 金 ] in Chinese). Many emigrated from Korea during the 19th century and again during the Japanese occupation . The GDP of Yanbian was about CN¥ 83.887 billion ( US$ 12.472 billion ) as of 2022 . Its per capita for 2022 was CN¥44,007 ( US$ 6,542 ). Its primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth CN¥7.652 billion ( US$ 1.138 billion ), CN¥33.527 billion ( US$ 4.985 billion ), and CN¥42.708 billion ( US$ 6.350 billion ), respectively. Colleges and universities: International schools: Both Mandarin Chinese and Chaoxianzu style Korean are used as official languages in Yanbian. The Museum of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
88-607: The Yanbian region. Consequently, Korean Chinese have a dual identity: a national identity as Chinese and a cultural identity as ethnic Koreans. Many Korean Chinese, educated under the Chinese Communist Party 's education system, often view the Korean War as the 'War to Resist America and Aid Korea,' reflecting a Chinese perspective." They are descendants of Koreans who migrated to China primarily between
110-504: The Chinese government decided to place all ethnic minorities within China under its control and manage them as ethnicities. In August 1948, the Chinese Communist Party committee of China's Liaoning region stipulated that all Koreans residing in Liaoning and other northeastern provinces holding household registration were Chinese people, and those temporarily residing without household registration were Korean (Joseon) expatriates, clarifying
132-855: The Korean Chinese population resides in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture , which holds special significance as China's first ethnic minority autonomous prefecture. There is also the Changbai Korean Autonomous County and various other regions in China with a lower population density of Korean Chinese. Notably, around 700,000 Korean Chinese, which constitutes over 41.2% of their total population, live or have established residency in South Korea. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture The Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
154-694: The Overseas Koreans Agency of South Korea. Their total population of Chaoxianzu is 1,702,479 according to the 2021 Chinese government census. High levels of emigration to South Korea for better economic and financial opportunities have contributed to a decrease in their numbers in China. Conversely, it is estimated that 42% (Approximately 708,000) of this Korean Chinese population now resides in Korea, maintaining their Chinese nationality. They are called Jaehan Joseonjok ( 재한조선족 ) or Zaihan Chaoxianzu (在韩朝鲜族/在韓朝鮮族) ( Chaoxianzu in Korea ). Based on
176-603: The Yanji ( 延吉廳 ) and Hunchun ( 琿春廳 ) subprefectures . From 1644 to the 1800s the Manchurian administrators of the Qing state attempted to separate Northeast China, politically and ethnographically, into a "Manchuria" to which they could retreat in case an ethnically Han Chinese dynasty regained control over China. However, this effort failed because of the trading and agricultural opportunities available to Han Chinese migrants in
198-486: The area. From the late 1990s, the Chaoxianzu have assimilated into mainstream Chinese culture with increasing speed, often switching to daily use of Chinese and choosing to attend Chinese-language schools. Mountains that are in the prefecture are: There have been over 40 types of minerals and 50 kinds of metals – including gold , lead , zinc , copper , silver , manganese and mercury – discovered near or in
220-677: The communist takeover, 1.2 million remained in the region after the end of World War II . Many participated in the Chinese Civil War , most on the side of the Chinese communists. When the civil war was over, the new Chinese government gave these Koreans their own autonomous region ( 区 ) in 1952. Yanbian was upgraded to an ethnic autonomous prefecture in 1955. During the Cultural Revolution , ethnic Koreans were killed and persecuted in Yanbian. Korean ( Joseon ) migration into Northeast China began in significant numbers in
242-596: The data from the 7th population census conducted in 2020, it was observed that the population of the Chaoxianzu (Korean ethnic group in China with Chinese nationality) in Jilin Province has fallen below 1 million, indicating a trend of dispersion across China. Out of 1.7 million individuals, around 700,000 are economically active in South Korea. As of December 2019, the number of Chinese descendants residing in Korea amounted to 701,098, accounting for 27.8% of
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#1732765524568264-485: The distinction between Chaoxianzu and Korean (Joseon) expatriates. Chaoxianzu's presence in China began intensively in the late 19th and early to mid-20th centuries. As of 2021, the Chinese government officially recognized a population of around in china 1.7 million Chaoxianzu. It is important to differentiate between Chaoxianzu and South Koreans who might have acquired Chinese nationality, which together may sum up to approximately 2.11 million in 2023, according to
286-465: The end of 2022 was 2.015 million. The urbanization rate was 69.6% in 2022. Between 1952 and 2002, Yanbian had among the highest rates of urbanization at 55.6%, 20 percentage points greater than the provincial average (31.3%) and 25 more than the national average (26.5%). The population of Yanbian was predominantly Han as of 2022 , who were estimated to make up 60.2%, followed by Koreans at 35.5%, and Manchus at 3.6%. The ethnic composition according to
308-563: The last quarter of the 19th century and was mainly motivated by economic hardship on the Korean side of the border. After the Japanese annexed Korea in 1910, a small but significant number of migrants also came to Manchuria for political reasons. In 1952, the Korean migrants comprised some 60% of the local population, but by 2000 that was down to 32%. The Chinese authorities subsidize Korean language schools and publications, but also take measures to prevent an emergence of Korean irredentism in
330-910: The late 19th and mid-20th centuries and hold Chinese nationality. Chaoxianzu refers only to the descendants of the Joseon ethnic group who legally hold Chinese nationality. South Korea calls them compatriots with Chinese nationality ( Korean : 중국국적동포 ; Chinese: 中国国籍同胞 ). The Chinese Communist Party had begun to include Koreans in official documents in 1928, however they had various terms to refer to them, such as: Gaoliren ( 高丽人 ; ' Goryeo people'), Hanren ( 韩人 ; ' Han people'), and Chaoxianren ( 朝鲜人 ; ' Joseon people'). These terms are today used to mean Koreans regardless of nationality, though are sometimes used interchangeably or erroneously by those unaware of their distinction. The word "Chaoxianzu" became an official name for ethnic Joseon minorities with Chinese nationality in 1954, when
352-605: The mountains. The average land height is 500 metres above sea level . Main rivers include: The rivers sustain 28 running water processing facilities. They created basins, which are suitable for agricultural uses, like rice paddies and bean farms. The prefecture is subdivided into eight county-level divisions : six county-level cities and two counties : The above counties and cities are divided into 642 villages ( 边境村 ). Railways include: There are 1,480 km (920 mi) of public roads altogether. There are four airports. The total registered population in Yanbian at
374-522: The northeast region which made it profitable to evade the rules, as well as later Qing relaxation of the same rules ( Chuang Guandong ) to discourage Russian encroachment. In the late 19th century, Korean immigrants migrated en masse from the Korean Peninsula to China. After the foundation of the Republic of China , a second wave arrived. Of the 2 million ethnic Koreans in Manchuria at the time of
396-582: The prefecture is forest, so there is a rich biodiversity . Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is an important region for Chinese football . Over 50 years, more than 40 footballers have been selected by the China national team . The first professional football team in this prefecture is Jilin Three Stars Football Club . From 1994 to 2000, this club had played each year in the top Chinese football league. In 2000, they were relegated from
418-643: The region. The prefectural capital is Yanji and the total area is 42,700 square kilometres (16,500 sq mi). The prefecture has an important Balhae archaeological site: the Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain , which includes the Mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo . In the Ming dynasty , Yanbian was governed by the Jianzhou Guard ( 建州衛 ) and in the late Qing dynasty the area was divided into
440-560: The top league. Because of poor economic conditions the club was sold to Lucheng Group in Zhejiang Province . Yanbian Longding plays in the 30,000-seater Yanji Stadium in China League One , the second tier of the Chinese football league system. In 2016, Yanbian Football Club was sponsored by Shenzhen Funde Group ( Chinese : 富德集团 ) when they got the permission of Chinese Super League , since they acquired
462-468: The total foreign population in Korea (2,524,656). This has made Chinese descendants the largest immigrant group in Korea. Based on the data from the "Chinese Ethnic Culture Resources," the Chaoxianzu population makes up about 0.14% of China's total population of 1.4 billion, ranking them 13th among the country's ethnic groups. The official Chinese government's census in 2010 reported their population as approximately 1.83 million. The majority of
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#1732765524568484-413: Was planned in 1960, and constructed in 1982. It contains over 10,000 exhibits, including 11 first-level artifacts. The exhibits' labels and explanations are bilingual in Korean and Chinese and tour guides are also available in both languages. There are seven public parks in Yanbian's green space (18% of whole prefecture), including: Also popular among locals during holidays and festivities. Over 70% of
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