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31-681: Corinthia borders on Achaea to the west and southwest, the Gulf of Corinth and Attica to the north, the Saronic Gulf to the east, Argolis to the south and Arcadia to the southwest. The Corinth Canal , carrying ship traffic between the Ionian and the Aegean seas, is about 4 km (2.5 miles) east of Corinth , cutting through the Isthmus of Corinth . Corinthia is increasingly seen as part of

62-810: A Siege of Patras in 805/807 failed. By the end of the 9th century, the whole peninsula was firmly under Byzantine control again, forming the Theme of the Peloponnese . After the Fourth Crusade several new Crusader states were founded in Greece. One of these was the Principality of Achaea , founded in 1205, which like the Roman province covered a much larger area than the Achaea region. The Achaea region

93-521: A tourist attraction. The track begins near Kalavryta and ends off Diakopto. Patras is one of the main industrial and commerce centers in Greece. Temeni is a place where the spring water Avra (Άυρα) is manufactured. It is owned by Tria Epsilon , a division of The Coca-Cola Company and a parent. There is a small oil refinery near Rio. Athenian brewery has the largest production facility of the company in Patra. The main highways are: Intercity bus transport

124-490: Is a monolithic rock overlooking the ancient city of Corinth, Greece . In the estimation of George Forrest, "It is the most impressive of the acropolis of mainland Greece." With its secure water supply, Acrocorinth's fortress was repeatedly used as a last line of defense in southern Greece because it commanded the Isthmus of Corinth , repelling foes from entry by land into the Peloponnese peninsula. The Acrocorinth

155-477: Is mountainous. Its tallest mountain is Kyllini in its west and the largest lake is Lake Stymphalos , (important in Greek mythology and a bird resort, protected by Natura 2000 ) situated in the southwest. The reservoir will become one of the largest lakes after its completion. The climate of Corinthia consists of hot summers and mild winters in the coastal areas and somewhat colder winters with occasional snowfalls in

186-724: Is provided by KTEL Achaias. The main bus terminal is in the city of Patras. Achaea is served by both the Patras Suburban Railway on the Patras–Kyparissia line to Patras and Athens Suburban Railway on the Athens Airport–Patras line from Aigio to Athens . Both lines, as yet, do not meet. There are two skiing resorts, one on the Panachaicus west of the mountain top (elevation around 1700 m) east of Patras, it will be Nafpaktos's closest because of

217-458: Is situated in the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The capital is Patras which is the third largest city in Greece. Achaea is bordered by Elis to the west and southwest, Arcadia to the south, and Corinthia to the east and southeast. The Gulf of Corinth lies to its northeast, and the Gulf of Patras to its northwest. The mountain Panachaiko (1926 m), though not

248-531: The Corinth Canal , the thermal springs of Loutraki , the archaeological sites of Nemea , Sicyon and the Heraion of Perachora . Achaea Achaea ( / ə ˈ k iː ə / ) or Achaia ( / ə ˈ k aɪ ə / ), sometimes transliterated from Greek as Akhaia ( Αχαΐα , Akhaḯa [axaˈia] ), is one of the regional units of Greece . It is part of the region of Western Greece and

279-640: The Elissos River . It will be the second largest body of water (lakes, reservoirs) in Corinthia. The dam will be designed to withstand earthquakes and natural disasters, including flooding. On July 17, 2007, a forest fire struck the area around the historic Acrocorinth and its castle. The main sources of income are goods and services, manufacturing, tourism and agriculture. Several major roadways are situated within Corinthia. Notable attractions include Ancient Corinth with its acropolis, Acrocorinth ,

310-529: The Hecatoncheires , was the arbitrator in a dispute between Poseidon (the sea) and Helios (the sun): His verdict was that the Isthmus of Corinth belonged to Poseidon and the acropolis of Corinth (Acrocorinth) to Helios . The Upper Pirene spring is located within the encircling walls. "The spring, which is behind the temple, they say was the gift of Asopus to Sisyphus . The latter knew, so runs

341-410: The 10 °C mark throughout the low-lying areas. The regional unit Achaea is subdivided into 5 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox): As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform , the regional unit Achaea was created out of the former prefecture Achaea ( Greek : Νομός Αχαΐας ). The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time,

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372-628: The League was able finally to defeat a heavily weakened Sparta and take control of the entire Peloponnese. However, as the Roman influence in the area grew, the league erupted into an open revolt against Roman domination, in what is known as Achaean War . The Achaeans were defeated at the Battle of Corinth (146 BC), and the League was dissolved by the Romans. In AD 51/52, Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus

403-489: The camps was named Prosfygika . Achaea today has about one-third of the population of the Peloponnese. Patras , the capital of Achaea, is the third largest city in Greece, behind Athens and Thessaloniki . Two-thirds of the Achaean population live near Patras, and more than half within the city limits. The main industrial areas are around Patras. The main cities and towns of Achaea are (ranked by 2021 census population of

434-901: The end of the 13th century, the other baronies survived until the Principality of Achaea was conquered by the Byzantine Empire in 1430, and became part of the Despotate of the Morea . The Despotate of the Morea fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1460. As a part of the Morean War , the Republic of Venice captured Achaea in 1687 and held it until 1715, when the Ottomans recaptured the Peloponnese. Under Ottoman rule, Achaea

465-459: The highest of Achaea, dominates the coastal area near Patras . Higher mountains are found in the south, such as Aroania (2341 m) and Erymanthos (2224 m). Other mountain ranges in Achaea are Skollis , Omplos , Kombovouni and Movri . Its main rivers ordered from west to east are the Larissos , Tytheus , Peiros , Charadros , Selinountas and Vouraikos . Most of the forests are in

496-486: The hill. The highest peak on the site was home to a temple to Aphrodite . The temple was converted to a church, which in turn was converted to a mosque . The American School's Corinth Excavations began excavations on the Acrocorinth in 1929. Currently, it is one of the most important medieval castle sites of Greece . In a Corinthian myth related in the 2nd century CE to Pausanias , Briareus , one of

527-474: The mountain ranges, though several are in the plains including the extreme west. There are grasslands around the mid-elevation areas and barren lands in the highest areas. Achaea has hot summers and mild winters. Sunny days dominate during the summer months in areas near the coast, while the summer can be cloudy and rainy in the mountains. Snow is very common during the winter in the mountains of Erymanthos, Panachaiko and Aroania. Winter high temperatures are around

558-444: The mountainous areas. The regional unit Corinthia is subdivided into six municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox): As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform , the regional unit Corinthia was created out of the former prefecture Corinthia ( Greek : Νομός Κορινθίας ). The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to

589-523: The municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below. Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece . The Achaean League was a Hellenistic-era confederation of city states in Achaea, founded in 280/281 BC. It later grew until it included most of Peloponnese , much reducing the Macedonian rule in the area. After Macedon's defeat by the Romans in the early 2nd century BC,

620-504: The new bridge (mid-2004) and the other on Aroania, sometimes still called Chelmos , near Kalavrita. It is Kalavrita's closest resort. Division rankings were as of the 2005-06 season for most teams, for football (soccer) , they are run by the Achaea Football Clubs Association : Acrocorinth Acrocorinth ( Greek : Ακροκόρινθος , lit. 'Upper Corinth' or 'the acropolis of ancient Corinth ')

651-522: The old Corinth interchange eastward in Corinthia was opened in 1962 and the section west of Corinth was added in 1969. The new highway had a significant effect on the local industry, as it lowered the cost of transportation of goods between Corinthia and the Athens metropolitan area. In late 2006, the prefect of Corinthia announced the construction of a new dam, to be located 5 to 7 km (3.1 to 4.3 miles) south of Kiato and Sicyon , near Stimanika , over

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682-485: The prefecture was finally separated from Argolis. The highway was first paved at the turn of the 20th century. The mid to late-20th century saw the population shifting from agriculture to other jobs, as people migrated to larger towns and cities as well as other parts of the world. In the 1960s, the motorway GR-8A was constructed to handle the increasing traffic between Corinth and Athens and allow higher speed limits (60 to 80 km/h (37 to 50 mph)). The section from

713-566: The table below. Most of the modern inhabitants of the Corinthia are descendants of Arvanites . Large concentrations of those descendants live especially in mountainous regions, including Xylokeriza, Examilia , Sophiko and Kyras Vryse. The main cities and towns of Corinthia are (ranked by 2021 census population): From 1833 to 1899, the Corinthia prefecture included Argolis and was known as Argolidocorinthia . It included Hydra , Spetses and Kythira . Argolis joined Corinthia to reform Argolidocorinthia again in 1909. Forty years later, in 1949,

744-530: The town proper): The monastery Agia Lavra is situated a few kilometres west of Kalavryta on the top of a hill. 12 to 20 km east, is Cave Lakes , with lakes inside. The length is around 300 to 500 m. The mountain hosts the most modern Greek telescope, named Aristarchus (after the ancient Greek astronomer - Aristarchus of Samos ) and operated by the National Observatory of Athens . A narrow gauge railway track runs for 30 km, mainly as

775-715: The wider metropolitan area of Athens , with municipalities, such as Agioi Theodoroi in the easternmost part of the regional unit, being considered suburbs of Athens. The area around Corinth and the western Saronic including the southeastern part are made up of fault lines including the Corinth Fault , the Poseidon Fault and a fault running from Perahcora to Agioi Theodoroi. More faults are near Kiras Vrysi and Sofiko. The eastern coastlands of Corinthia are made up of pastures and farmlands where olives, grapes, tomatoes and vegetables are cultivated. The rest of Corinthia

806-645: Was among the core territories of the Principality, with four baronies: the extensive Barony of Patras , the Barony of Vostitsa , the Barony of Chalandritsa , and the Barony of Kalavryta . Patras, under the powerful Latin Archbishopric of Patras , over time became a semi-autonomous domain under the protection of Venice and the Holy See. Although Kalavryta was lost to the Byzantine Greeks already by

837-528: Was continuously occupied from archaic times to the early 19th century. Along with Demetrias and Chalcis , the Acrocorinth during the Hellenistic period formed one of the so-called “ Fetters of Greece ” – three fortresses garrisoned by the Macedonians to secure their control of the Greek city-states. The city's archaic acropolis was already an easily defensible position due to its geomorphology; it

868-720: Was further heavily fortified during the Byzantine Empire as it became the seat of the strategos of the thema of Hellas and later of the Peloponnese . It was defended against the Crusaders for three years by Leo Sgouros . Afterwards it became a fortress of the Frankish Principality of Achaea , the Venetians, and the Ottoman Turks. Three circuit walls formed the man-made defense of

899-537: Was part of the Achaea and Elis Prefecture . This was divided into the prefectures of Achaea and Elis in 1899. Achaea and Elis were reunited in 1909, and split again in 1930. Achaea saw an influx of refugees that arrived from Asia Minor during the Greco Turkish War of 1919-1922. Tens of thousands were relocated to their camps in the suburbs of Patras and a few villages mainly within the coastline. One of

930-598: Was part of the Morea Eyalet . In the Greek War of Independence , Aigio was one of the first cities to be liberated by the Greeks and all of Achaea was liberated by the end of 1821. Achaea produced several heroes including Kanaris , Zaimis and Roufos and prime ministers of Greece including Andreas Michalakopoulos as well as some head of states. In the first administrative subdivision of independent Greece, Achaea

961-816: Was proconsul of Achaea, and is portrayed (under the name "Gallio") in the book of the Acts of the Apostles , in the Bible, as presiding over the trial of the Apostle Paul in Corinth ( Acts 18:12–17 ). Achaea remained a province of the Byzantine Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire . In the 6th and 7th centuries, Slavs invaded Greece and reached the Peloponnese, settling there. The coastal cities remained largely under Byzantine control, and

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