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28-623: In accordance with the 1975 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement , the KRG was established by the 1978 Act respecting Northern Villages and the Kativik Regional Government ( Kativik Act ). The Kativik Regional Government includes 14 northern villages, 14 Inuit reserved lands and one Naskapi village municipality. Each Inuit reserved land is near a northern village; the Naskapi village municipality of Kawawachikamach (north of

56-427: A NV, no convictions of any crime under the law of Canada is eligible to run. There should be 1 mayor and 2–6 councilors depending on the population of the village. One member of the council is appointed to be the Kativik Regional Government (KRG) representative. Elections for municipal council are much like municipal elections in the rest of Canada. Anyone aged 18 or over, who holds Canadian citizenship, and resident in

84-702: A doctor in the south depending on the severity of the illness. For the Hudson Bay region, the hospital is in Puvirnituq while the Ungava Bay regions hospital is in Kuujjuaq. Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898 The Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898 was an Act of the Parliament of Canada that expanded the territory of the province of Quebec . The province's northern boundary was set along

112-729: A local government for each of the villages in Inuit territory north of the 55th parallel. The name of the Northern Villages also commonly known as "NV" is "The Municipality of ___________". They are: Kuujjuaraapik, Umiujaq, Inukjuaq, Puvirnituq, Akulivik, Ivujivik, Salluit, Kangirsujuaq, Quartaq, Kangirsuk, Aupaluk, Tasiujaq, Kuujjuaq, Kangirsualujjuaq. The services from the municipal office are health and hygiene, town planning and land development, public services, traffic and transportation, recreation and culture. For an example, they provide daily water deliveries, sewage disposals/lagoons, run

140-478: A number of cultural, social and governmental institutions for Indigenous people who are members of the communities involved in the agreement. Before Canadian Confederation , the lands of northern Quebec had been a part of Rupert's Land – the territory administered by the Hudson's Bay Company as part of the charter it received from King Charles II in 1670. In 1870, Rupert's Land was ceded to Canada , and in 1895

168-644: A parallel agreement – the Northeastern Quebec Agreement – and joined the institutions established under the 1975 accord. Negotiating the first land claim on behalf of the Inuit, the Northern Quebec Inuit Association (NQIA) included as members Zebedee Nungak , Lazarusie Epoo (Inukjuak), Tommy Cain, Johnny Watt, Charlie Watt (from Fort Chimo) and Jacob Oweetaltuk. Charlie Watt acquired a James Bay development map and found two rivers were going to be impacted;

196-526: A treaty covering the territory had not been overturned, even though construction continued. Over the course of the next year, the government of Quebec negotiated the required accord. On 15 November 1974 – exactly a year after the Superior Court decision – an agreement-in-principle was signed between the government of Canada , the Province of Quebec , the publicly owned Hydro-Québec corporation,

224-535: Is an Aboriginal land claim settlement, approved in 1975 by the Cree and Inuit of northern Quebec , and later slightly modified in 1978 by the Northeastern Quebec Agreement ( French : Accord du Nord-Est québécois ), through which Quebec's Naskapi First Nation joined the agreement. The agreement covers economic development and property issues in northern Quebec, as well as establishing

252-829: Is designated as a representative from Kawawachikamach, Quebec . The Regional Government is financed by the Government of Quebec (50%) and the Government of Canada (25%). The KRG has mandates to provide the following services: The police service is provided by the Kativik Regional Police Force , which also has its headquarters in Kuujjuaq . 58°36′10″N 70°57′55.7″W  /  58.60278°N 70.965472°W  / 58.60278; -70.965472 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement ( French : Convention de la Baie-James et du Nord québécois )

280-767: The Grand Council of the Crees (chaired by Billy Diamond ), and the Northern Quebec Inuit Association . The final accord – the James Bay And Northern Quebec Agreement (French: La Convention de la Baie James et du Nord québécois ) – was signed on 11 November 1975. This convention originally only covered claims made by Quebec Cree and Inuit ; however, on 31 January 1978, the Naskapi of Quebec signed

308-484: The 55th parallel) is near the Naskapi reserved land that is also called Kawawachikamach , south of the 55th parallel in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec. The Kativik Regional Government covers a territory of about 500,000 km (190,000 sq mi) and includes a population of just over 10,000 persons, of which about 90% are Inuit. The Cree village Whapmagoostui , near the northern village of Kuujjuarapik , on

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336-497: The Government of Quebec, but the Inuit have exclusive hunting, fishing and trapping rights. Category II can be taken away by Quebec for the purpose of development but only with consent and compensation for the nearest village. Category III – Category III lands are everything not in Category I or Category II lands. Category III lands are owned by Quebec, and the government of Quebec can authorize development projects without consulting

364-706: The Great Whale and Caniapiscau were to be dammed and diverted. Zebedee Nungak describes the Quebec government's approach to negotiations was "overt greed backed up by raw power". Another section Zebedee describes Quebec's attitude was; "In the status of our quo, we are the Bosses; we have legal authority over all land. You need our permission to attain any benefits from this land, over which we are "maitres chez nous". The James Bay and Northern Quebec agreement has been further modified by some 20 additional accords affecting

392-581: The Indigenous peoples of the region recognizing their cultural rights and surrendering their title to the land to Quebec and Canada. There was at the time no pre-existing treaty covering that area. The government of Quebec did not immediately undertake such negotiations. In the 1960s, Quebec began developing potential hydroelectric resources in the north, and in 1971 created the James Bay Development Corporation to pursue

420-510: The development of mining, forestry and other potential resources starting with the James Bay Hydroelectric Project . This massive undertaking, which was directed by an increasingly assertive government of Quebec without consulting Indigenous people, was opposed by most of northern Quebec's Cree and Inuit . The Quebec Association of Indians – an ad hoc representative body of Indigenous northern Quebecers – sued

448-665: The eastern shore of Hudson Bay , is an enclave in the Nunavik region and its inhabitants do not participate in the Kativik Regional Government. Whapmagoostui (village and reserved lands: 316 km, 122 sq mi) is part of the Cree Regional Authority and the Grand Council of the Cree (Eeyou Istchee) . The Inuit of Nunavik are also represented by the Makivik Corporation in their relations with

476-765: The eastern shore of James Bay to the mouth of the Eastmain River , north along the river, then due east to the Hamilton River and down the river to the western boundary of Labrador . The area was part of the North-West Territories , formerly Rupert's Land , claimed by England in 1670. The first of two such acts, a second act was passed by Parliament in 1912 and entitled the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912 . Together, these two expansions more than tripled

504-399: The fire departments, organize recreational/cultural activities, maintain the roads, garbage removal/disposal, lighting, heating, power and snow removal. It is a public government meaning anyone, Inuk or non-Inuk, could run for municipal office. Any Canadian citizen, ordinarily a resident of the village for at least thirty-six months, who has no municipal debts, no contracts with nor working for

532-518: The first Canada-Indigenous treaty since the 1920s, it bears little resemblance to previous treaties but has become the prototype of the many agreements made since then. It established a number of provisions, principally in the following areas: Category I – The title to the Category I lands was transferred to the Inuit Community Corporations (now known as The Landholding Corporations) for Inuit community purposes. Each community

560-543: The government and, on 15 November 1973, won an injunction in the Quebec Superior Court blocking hydroelectric development until the province had negotiated an agreement with the Indigenous nations. This judgment was overruled by the Quebec Court of Appeal seven days later, after the government's efforts to quickly negotiate an agreement failed. Nonetheless, the legal requirement that Quebec negotiate

588-545: The governments of Quebec and Canada on issues specifically pertaining to their indigenous rights (hunting and land use). The Makivik Corporation supports greater autonomy for the Nunavik region and is headquartered in Kuujjuaq. Each of the 14 municipal councils of the northern villages designates one of its elected members to serve as a regional councillor on the Kativik Regional Government. As such, all these councillors have been elected locally by municipal residents, whether Inuit and non-Inuit. An additional regional councillor

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616-548: The implementation and details of the original agreement, as well as expanding their provisions. Furthermore, the Constitution Act, 1982 , entrenched in the Constitution of Canada all the rights granted in treaties and land claims agreements enacted before 1982, giving the rights outlined in the original agreement the status of constitutional rights. The James Bay agreement touches on a number of subjects and, as

644-510: The land. The land, the wildlife and sea were, and still is, a great provider for us Inuit, Cree, and Naskapi. Its important that the land be respected and handled with the right intentions for future generations and future developments. These mandates were created so that our ecosystem and our way of life thrives with growing populations and need for development. In the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, Section 12 stated that there will be

672-476: The nearby communities and Landholding Corporations. Category III lands are a joint use area for Inuit and non-Inuit in matters of access, as well as for hunting, fishing and trapping activities. The Inuit have always been connected and respectful to the land and sea in the northern part of Canada. It is where we have lived and survived for thousands of years. It is where our ancestors taught their children where to pick berries, how to hunt for food, and make tools off

700-660: The region between the then-province of Quebec and the Hudson Strait became the District of Ungava of the Northwest Territories . In 1898, the border of Quebec was extended north to the Eastmain River . Quebec continued to claim the remaining District of Ungava, north of the Eastmain River, and in 1912 the area was transferred to Quebec , subject to the condition that a treaty be negotiated with

728-426: The territory for at least 12 months is eligible to vote. The NRBSS is an organization dedicated to improving the health and well-being of the populations in its territory. Its overall mission is to adapt the health and social service programs to the population's needs and to the region's realities. It ensures the organization and efficient use of resources granted to the Nunavik region. (presentation made by NRBHSS) It

756-408: Was created in 1995. Each of the fourteen communities has a local nursing station. Inside their nursing stations, public services include dentists, nurses, doctors, youth protection services, social services. In the smaller communities, the people have to be flown to either Kuujjuaq or Puvirnituq depending on where they live in order to be seen by a doctor and in some cases the people need to be seen by

784-490: Was given about 243 square miles. Though category I lands are owned by the Inuit communities of Nunavik, the subsurface and the minerals rights are still owned by the Quebec government, though they cannot extract minerals in the subsurface without permission of the local village and without compensation. Category I lands cannot be sold or given up except to the Crown in the right of Quebec. Category II – Category II lands belong to

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