Kalchini is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Alipurduar subdivision of the Alipurduar district in the Indian state of West Bengal .
42-531: Kalchini is located at 26°41′34″N 89°28′18″E / 26.692778°N 89.471667°E / 26.692778; 89.471667 . The Kalchini CD block lies in north-central part of the district. The Torsha River / Holong River flows along the western boundary of the CD block and the Kaljani River flows through it. It has hilly terrain which is part of the sub-Himalayan ranges. The Kalchini CD block
84-400: A study from 2007. The language is known by several names, such as Nagpuri, Nagpuria, Sadani, Sadri etc. In the literary tradition, the language is known as Nagpuri, which is the polished and literary language especially used by Hindus and in cities. While Sadri refers to the spoken and non-literary form of the language, especially spoken by tribal groups in the countryside. The name Nagpuri
126-493: Is a historical work in the nagpuri language. The poet Ghasi Ram Mahli wrote several works, including "Nagvanashavali", "Durgasaptasati", "Barahamasa", "Vivha Parichhan" etc. There were also great writers like Pradumn Das and Rudra Singh. It is believed that prose writing in the nagpuri language started by Christian missionaries. E.H.Whitley wrote Notes on the Ganwari dialect of Lohardaga, Chhota Nagpur in 1896, which considered
168-626: Is also used as a lingua franca among the Tea-garden community of Assam , West Bengal and Bangladesh who were taken as labourers to work in the tea gardens during the British Period . It is known as Baganiya bhasa in the tea garden area of Assam which is influenced by the Assamese language . According to the 2011 Census, it is spoken by 5.1 million people as a first language. Around 7 million speak it as their second language based on
210-417: Is an Apabhramsha and descendant of Magadhi Prakrit in his book "Nagpuri bhasa ebam Sahitya". According to Dr. Shravan Kumar Goswami , Nagpuri evolved from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit . According to him, Nagpuri might have originated between the 8th to 11th centuries and developed into a full-fledged language between the 14th to 15th centuries. According to Yogendra Nath Tiwari, Nagpuri is an ancient language that
252-501: Is at Kalchini . Gram panchayats of Kalchini block/ panchayat samiti are: Chuapara, Dalsingpara, Garopara, Jaigaon I, Jaigaon II, Kalchini, Latabari, Malangi, Mendabari, Rajabhatkhawa and Satali. According to the 2011 Census of India , the Kalchini CD block had a total population of 298,458, of which 211,808 were rural, and 86,650 were urban. There were 154,829 (52%) males and 143,269 (48%) females. There were 34,627 persons in
294-790: Is available from the 17th century. In 1903, Sir George Abraham Grierson classified Nagpuri as the Nagpuria dialect of the Bhojpuri language in his " Linguistic Survey of India ". Nagpuri has been placed in the Bihari group of Indo-Aryan languages . Recent studies demonstrate that the Indo-Aryan languages of the Chota Nagpur plateau, called Sadani languages , are distinct languages and are more closely related to each other than any other languages. Distribution of Nagpuri language in
336-604: Is bounded by the Chukha District in Bhutan on the north, Kumargram and Alipurduar II CD blocks on the east, Alipurduar II CD block on the south and Madarihat-Birpara CD block on the west. The Kalchini CD block has an area of 711.61 km. It has 1 panchayat samity , 11 gram panchayats , 193 gram sansads (village councils), 43 mouzas , 41 inhabited villages and 4 census towns . Kalchini and Jaigaon police stations serve this block. Headquarters of this CD block
378-540: Is characterized by a bright, smooth and full-bodied liquor that's a wee bit lighter than Assam tea . Cultivation of tea in the Dooars was primarily pioneered and promoted by the British but there was significant contribution of Indian entrepreneurs. In 2013-14, Kalchini CD block had offices of 7 commercial banks and 4 gramin banks . The Jalpaiguri district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from
420-578: Is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act . Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on. There are 41 inhabited villages in
462-520: Is derived from the region ruled by Nagvanshi , named as Chutia Nagpur ( Chota Nagpur Division ) by the British to distinguish it from Nagpur of Maharashtra . Similarly, the Sadani term derived from the languages of Sadan ethnolinguistic group of Chotanagpur. The Sadani also refer to closely related Indo-Aryan languages of Jharkhand such as Nagpuri, Panchpargania , Kurmali and Khortha . Nagpuri language writers are in favour of using Nagpuri as
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#1732787382581504-766: Is known as the Torsa. In Bangladesh too, it is known by the same name. It is also known as Chumbi, Am-Chu, and Jaldhaka. Afterwards, the river flows past the border towns of Phuntsholing (in Bhutan) and Jaigaon , and Hasimara (in India) and past the tea estate of Dalsingpara and the Jaldapara National Park . Ghargharia river meets with Torsa in the Tufanganj subdivision , near Deocharai and Balarampur. Torsa meets with Kaljani and then flows into Bangladesh by
546-741: Is primarily spoken in the west and central Chota Nagpur plateau region. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Bhojpuri . It is the native language of the Sadan , the Indo-Aryan ethnic group of Chota Nagpur plateau. In addition to native speakers, it is also used as a lingua franca by many tribal groups such as the Kurukh , a Dravidian ethnic group, and the Kharia , Munda , and Austro-asiatic ethnic groups. A number of speakers from these tribal groups have adopted it as their first language. It
588-541: The Backward Regions Grant Fund . The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal. 55425 Alipurduar–Bamanhat Passenger Kalchini railway station has 9 originating/ terminating bus routes. NH 317 passes through
630-806: The Chumbi Valley in Tibet, China, where it is known as Machu. Its course continues into Bhutan, India, and Bangladesh before joining the Brahmaputra River into the Bay of Bengal . From Tibet, the Torsa flows into Bhutan , where it is known as the Amo Chu. It has a length of 358 kilometres (222 mi) before entering India, of which 113 kilometres (70 mi) are in Tibet and 145 kilometres (90 mi) in Bhutan. After entering West Bengal in India, it
672-613: The Jaldhaka River and Teesta River , has created major flooding multiple times in Bangladesh during the monsoon season between June and September. 26°16′44″N 89°34′48″E / 26.279°N 89.580°E / 26.279; 89.580 Nagpuri language Nagpuri (also known as Sadri ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Jharkhand , Chhattisgarh , Odisha and Bihar . It
714-823: The 2011 census, in the Kalchini CD block, among the 41 inhabited villages, 1 village did not have a school, 35 villages had two or more primary schools, 25 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 12 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. Nani Bhattacharya Smarak Mahavidyalaya was established in 2000 at Mangalbari, PO Jaigaon . Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts. In 2014, Kalchini CD block had 1 rural hospital, 2 primary health centres 1 central government institution and 4 NGO/ private nursing homes with total 194 beds and 15 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 48 family welfare subcentres. 7,294 patients were treated indoor and 104,492 patients were treated outdoor in
756-626: The Jalpaiguri district is mainly dependent on agriculture and plantations, and majority of the people are engaged in agriculture. Jalpaiguri is well-known for tea and timber. Other important crops are paddy, jute, tobacco, mustard seeds, sugarcane and wheat. The annual average rainfall is 3,440 mm, around double of that of Kolkata and the surrounding areas. The area is flood prone and the rivers often change course causing immense damage to crops and cultivated lands. In 2013-14, there were 7 fertiliser depots, 7 seed stores and 76 fair price shops in
798-702: The Kalchini CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Saudamini Tea Garden (4,225), Madhu Tea Garden (4,540), Satali Tea Garden (12,178), Malangi Tea Garden (9516), Beech Tea Garden (6,898), Bharnobari Tea Garden (7,057), Dalsingpara Tea Garden (17,167), Tosra Tea Garden (7,258), Gopimohan Tea Garden (8,290), Nimtijhora Tea Garden (4,120), Rangamati Tea Garden (9,987), Chuapara Tea Garden (7,229), Mechpara Tea Garden (6,112), Bhatpara Tea Garden (9,985), Kalchini Tea Garden (22,072), Gangutia Tea Garden (5,360), Dima Tea Garden (5,830), Bhatkhawa Tea Garden (6,680), Atiabari Tea Garden (7,504), Rajabhat Tea Garden (4,275) and Buxa Forest (Raja Bhatkhawa) (9,242). Other villages in
840-421: The Kalchini CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Uttar Mandabari (3,481), Buxa HillForest (2,889) and Buxa Forest (Panbari Khanda) (861). According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Kalchini CD block was 181,946 (68.96% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 106,237 (77.45% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 75,709 (59.77% of
882-589: The Kalchini CD block, as per the District Census Handbook , Jalpaiguri, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 18 villages (43.90%) have post offices. 40 villages (97.56%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 24 villages (58.54%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 26 villages (63.41%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 4 villages (9.76%) have banks. The economy of
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#1732787382581924-477: The Kalchini CD block. In 2013–14, the Kalchini CD block produced 80,464 tonnes of Aman paddy , the main winter crop, from 34,551 hectares, 328 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 175 hectares, 724 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 377 hectares, 265 tonnes of wheat from 106 hectares, 4,665 tonnes of maize from 471 hectares, 3,033 tonnes of jute from 199 hectares and 3,757 tonnes of potatoes from 185 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2013-14,
966-652: The age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 30,157 (10.10%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 120,282 (40.30%). According to the 2001 census, Kalchini block had a total population of 252,322, out of which 128,622 were males and 123,700 were females. Kalchini block registered a population growth of 24.26 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Census towns in the Kalchini CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Jaigaon (42,254), Mechiabasti (9,592), Uttar Satali (18,454), Uttar Latabari (16,354). Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in
1008-703: The block. Kalchini is on the New Jalpaiguri-Alipurduar-Samuktala Road Line . In 2013-14, Kalchini CD block had 111 primary schools with 14,316 students, 11 middle schools with 2,976 students, 9 high school with 8,519 students and 13 higher secondary schools with 19,830 students. Kalchini CD block had 1 general degree college with 2,817 students, 2 technical/ professional institutions with 206 students, 868 institutions for special and non-formal education with 35,788 students. See also – Education in India According to
1050-455: The female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 17.67%. See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate Primary Census Abstract Data In the 2011 Census of India , Hindus numbered 200,214 and formed 67.08% of the population of Kalchini CD block. Christians numbered 42,780 and formed 14.33% of the population. Muslims numbered 25,591 and formed 8.57% of
1092-420: The hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block. Uttarlatabari Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Kalchini , is the major government medical facility in the Kalchini CD block. There are primary health centres at Satali (PO Satali Mandalpara) (with 4 beds), Jaigaon (?). Torsha River The Torsa River (also spelt Torsha and also known as Kambu Maqu , Machu and Amo Chhu ) rises from
1134-608: The language in Jharkhand. Alternate names of Nagpuri language include: Sadani, Sadana, Sadati, Sadari, Sadhan, Sadna, Sadrik, Santri, Siddri, Sradri, Sadhari, Sadan, Nagpuria, Chota Nagpuri, Dikku Kaji, Gawari, Ganwari, Goari, Gauuari, Jharkhandhi. There are different opinions among linguists about the origin of the Nagpuri language. According to Peter Shanti Navrangi, Nagpuriya Sadani or Nagpuri originated from ancient Prakrit . According to professor Keshri Kumar Singh, Nagpuri
1176-840: The modern period are in Devnagari script . Nagpuri poetry has been written in Devnagari and Kaithi script during the 17th century. At present, mainly Devnagari script is used in literature. The Nagpuri language is rich in folk tales, folk songs and riddles. Literature in the Nagpuri language are available since the 17th century. The Nagvanshi king Raghunath Shah and the King of Ramgarh , Dalel Singh , were poets. These poems were composed in Devnagari script and Kaithi script. Some Nagpuri peots were Hanuman Singh, Jaigovind Mishra, Barju Ram Pathak, Ghasi Ram Mahli, Das Mahli, Mahant Ghasi and Kanchan. "Nagvanshavali" (1876), written by Beniram Mehta,
1218-421: The nagpuri language are as follows: Nagpuri taught at some high schools as a subject in Jharkhand. It is also taught at Ranchi University , Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University , Ranchi Women's College , Suraj Singh Memorial College , J.N College , Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav College , Doranda College , Simdega College and other universities of Jharkhand. Historically, Nagpuri was the lingua-franca in
1260-754: The name of Kaljani and meets with Brahmaputra in BD. A distributary known as the Buri Torsa meets Jaldhaka . Ghargharia river meets with the Torsa in the Tufanganj subdivision, near Deocharai and the Balarampur Torsa meets with the Kaljani and then flows into Bangladesh by the name of the Kaljani and meets with the Jamuna there. The major towns along the river's banks are: The Torsha River, along with
1302-404: The name of the language. There is an opposition against the use of the word Sadri and giving two names Sadan/Sadri and Nagpuria, to a single language in the upcoming Indian census . According to them, the name of the language is Nagpuri and the native speakers of the language are known as Nagpuria. The British also wrote a grammar using the name Nagpuri in 1906, and Nagpuri is the official name of
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1344-408: The population below poverty line. Livelihood in Kalchini CD block In the Kalchini CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 7,459 and formed 6.20%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,487 and formed 7.06%, household industry workers numbered 2,256 and formed 1.88% and other workers numbered 102,036 and formed 84.86%. Total workers numbered 120,238 and formed 40.29% of
1386-427: The population spoke Sadri , 26.34% Nepali , 14.21% Bengali , 8.17% Hindi , 3.93% Bhojpuri , 2.99% Kurukh , 2.85% Boro and 1.73% Rabha as their first language. Other languages spoken by small numbers in the district include Mundari , Urdu , Santali , and Tamang . Based on a study of the per capita consumption in rural and urban areas, using central sample data of NSS 55th Round 1999-2000, Jalpaiguri district
1428-413: The population. Buddhists numbered 21,731 and formed 7.28% of the population. Others numbered 5,957 and formed 17.06% of the population. Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria, Kirat Mundhum, Mun, and other religious communities. Languages of Kalchini CD block (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 30.05% of
1470-606: The start of writing prose in the nagpuri language. Some Nagpuri language writers and poets in the modern period are Praful Kumar Rai , Sahani Upendra Pal Singh , Shiv Avtar Choudhary, Lal Ranvijay Nath Shahdeo , Bisheshwar Prasad Keshari and Girdhari Ram Gonjhu . Monthly Nagpuri magazines Gotiya and Johar Sahiya have been published in Ranchi . Several magazines have also been published in Assam, West Bengal's Tarai and Dooars districts. Some poets, writers and their works in
1512-456: The state of India (2011 census) The Nagpuri language is mainly spoken in the western Chota Nagpur Plateau region. The geographical distribution of language is tabulated below; It is also spoken by some Tea garden community in Tea garden area of Assam , West Bengal , Bangladesh and Nepal who were taken as labourer to work in Tea garden during British Rule. There are similarities between
1554-676: The table. The Nagpuri language spoken in different districts such as Ranchi, Gumla, Simdega and Garhwa varies with each other. The early inscriptions found in the region are in Brahmi script . The Saridkel Brahmi Inscription from Khunti district is from 3rd century BCE. Several inscriptions of forts, temples and land grants are found from the 9th century, such as from Mahamaya temple of Hapamuni built by Gajghat Rai , Nagfeni , Navratangarh fort of Gumla district, Boreya and Jagannath temple of Ranchi. Some Buddhist inscriptions are undated, such as from Khalari and Jonha Falls . Inscriptions of
1596-453: The total area irrigated in the Kalchini CD block was 2,123 hectares, out of which 1,242 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 50 hectares by tank water, 450 hectares by river lift irrigation, 360 hectares by shallow tube wells, 21 hectares by open dug wells. Tea gardens in the Dooars and Terai regions produce 226 million kg or over a quarter of India's total tea crop.. The Dooars-Terai tea
1638-405: The total population, and non-workers numbered 178,220 and formed 59.71% of the population. Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry
1680-413: The words of Nagpuri, Hindi , Apabhramsha , Prakrit and Sanskrit which are given in the table below. Magadhi, Nagpuri and Jharkhand Prakrit use "la" in the past tense, "ta" in the present tense and "ma" in the future tense. The words are given below in the table. Below are some words about relationships in Nagpuri in the table. Below are some words of daily use in Nagpuri, Hindi and English in
1722-495: Was found to have relatively high rates of poverty of 35.73% in rural areas and 61.53% in the urban areas. It was one of the few districts where urban poverty rate was higher than the rural poverty rate. According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 26-31% of the population of Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Paschim Medinipur districts were below poverty line, a relatively high level of poverty in West Bengal, which had an average 20% of
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1764-512: Was in existence before Chotanagpur or Jharkhand started to be known as Nagpur and evolved from Jharkhand Prakrit. There is no consensus among scholars from which language Nagpuri has evolved. Several similarities are found between the words of Hindi , Nagpuri, Apabrahmsa, Prakrit and Sanskrit . The Nagpuri language was the court language of the Nagvanshi dynasty and the official language of Chotanagpur till British rule. Evidence of literature
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