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79-639: The district's headquarters, Kanker town, is situated on the National Highway 30 almost halfway between Chhattisgarh's two major cities - Raipur , the state capital, and Jagdalpur , the headquarters of the neighbouring Bastar district . The history of Kanker begins in the Stone Age . According to the legendary Sanskrit epics of India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata , there was once

158-529: A sari (a long piece of fabric draped around the body) and salwar kameez are worn by women all over India. A bindi is part of a woman's make-up. Despite common belief, the bindi on the forehead does not signify marital status; however, the Sindoor does. Rangoli (or Kolam) is a traditional art very popular among Indian women. In 1991, the Kerala High Court restricted entry of women above

237-495: A 1998 report by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the chief barriers to female education in India are inadequate school facilities (such as sanitary facilities), shortage of female teachers and gender bias in the curriculum (female characters being depicted as weak and helpless). The literacy rate is lower for women compared to men: the literacy rate is 60.6% for women, while for men it is 81.3%. The 2011 census, however, indicated

316-507: A 2001–2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%, which is slower than the growth seen during the previous decade. There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women. (population aged 15 or older, data from 2015). Contrary to common perception, a large percentage of women in India are actively engaged in traditional and non-traditional work. Despite

395-667: A commercial scale has not been attempted. About 100 million tons of iron ore deposits have been identified in the Hahaladdi region of the Bhanupratappur Tehsil. Chhattisgarh's second biggest iron ore deposits, Rowghat Mines , is in Antargarh tehsil in this district. Its reserves are assessed at 731 Million tons. Rowghat Mines will supply iron ore to the Bhilai Steel Plant of SAIL. Black and white granite

474-408: A dense forest area named Dandakaranya , in the region where Kanker is located. According to myth, Kanker was also a land of monks and sages. Many Rishis (monks/sages) such as Kank, Lomesh, Shringi, Angira were said to have lived here. The influence of Buddhism on the region started in the sixth century BC. The ancient history of Kanker records that it always remained an independent state. In 106 AD,

553-425: A population density of 115 inhabitants per square kilometre (300/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15%. Kanker has a sex ratio of 1007 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70.97%. 10.25% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.21% and 55.38% of the population respectively. Languages of Kanker district (2011) At

632-420: A vision of gender equality. Historically, women in India have faced legal restrictions that limited their participation in various activities, and these limitations have raised concerns about the cultural practices and values of the country. Previously, these women could not apply simple and natural makeup on film characters because the law did not allow them to do it although the status quo has changed. Along with

711-482: A woman without consent, stalking and sexual acts by person in authority an offense. It also made acid attacks a specific offence with a punishment of imprisonment not less than 10 years and which could extend to life imprisonment and with fine. In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounts to cruelty inflicted by

790-876: A young girl Mathura in a police station led to country-wide protests in 1979–1980. The protest, widely covered by the national media, forced the Government to amend the Evidence Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, and the Indian Penal Code; and created a new offence, custodial rape. Since alcoholism is often associated with violence against women in India, many women groups launched anti-liquor campaigns in Andhra Pradesh , Himachal Pradesh , Haryana , Odisha , Madhya Pradesh and other states. Many Indian Muslim women have questioned

869-422: Is 71%. In Kanker, 12% of the population is less than 23 years old. Kanker is located on National Highway 30 (known as Raipur-Jagdalpur-Vizianagram Road) 140 km from the state capital Raipur and 160 km from the divisional headquarters Jagdalpur . Roads provide access to other parts of the state. Coaches operated by different private bus operators run at frequent intervals to major towns and cities of

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948-521: Is a 1995 Bollywood film whose main female character, Simran, represented the ideal Indian woman. The film depicts her as a modest, reserved, and respectful female who remains dutiful to her family and never compromises her "purity". Yet, at the same time Simran was discouraged by her father from having a relationship with a man before marriage, especially one he did not know and of whom he did not approve. This film illustrates how women who seek romance for themselves are villainized. In contrast, films such as

1027-445: Is a legislative act in India that seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at their place of work. The Act came into force from 9 December 2013. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 introduced changes to the Indian Penal Code, making sexual harassment an expressed offence under Section 354 A, which is punishable up to three years of imprisonment and or with fine. The Amendment also introduced new sections making acts like disrobing

1106-416: Is a tradition named Ghotul. Ghotul is a cultural centre of Gonds and Murias. The tribal customs of death are complex. The Maria bury dead bodies. If a woman dies during her pregnancy, her body is buried. If a child who is younger than 5 years dies, then their body is also buried beneath a Mahua tree and their head is placed facing an easterly direction. They construct a little tomb in that place in memory of

1185-566: Is below the poverty line , according to official estimates. The entire district is drought prone. Over 80 percent of the working population is already dependent on marginal agriculture and allied activities, with low incomes and stagnant productivity. Thus, in addition to providing a livelihood for the unemployed, it is a challenge to make the existing the livelihoods of the nearly 295,000 (2.95 lakh) workers more productive. This would be beneficial, since persons engaged in agriculture could then earn an adequate income to meet their basic needs . Thus,

1264-502: Is black and oily. The capacity of water absorption by this soil is great, and this is very useful in growth of Kharif and Rabi crops in the region. This type of soil is found in the planes of Kotri and Mahanadi. B. Dorsa: This type of soil is medium in nature and it is very similar to Matasi and Kanhar type soil. This type of soil is found in north east Kanker and in the Bhanupratappur region. C. Matasi: This type of soil

1343-513: Is celebrated in Kondagaon, Keshkal and Bhopalpattanam. The festival is celebrated in the respect of local Gods and Goddess. This festival is celebrated in a big ground where thousands of peoples gather simultaneously. The festival starts with a procession of local God or Goddess; after that the worship is done and then the festival starts. A lot of shops, restaurants, crafts, dances and other cultural program can be seen in this festival. Although

1422-511: Is currently a part of the Red Corridor , the region in the eastern, central and the southern parts of India that experience considerable Naxalite–Maoist insurgency. According to the 2011 census Kanker district has a population of 748,941, roughly equal to the nation of Guyana or the US state of Alaska . This gives it a ranking of 493rd in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has

1501-592: Is found at an elevation higher than Kanhar and less than Bhata. This soil is appropriate for growing rice. This type of soil is found in most of the Kanker region. D. Bhata: This soil-type is affected by a late rating process. It can be red or yellow, having a mixed shape/condition. This soil is found in uplands of the area. It is appropriate for the cultivation of crops like Kodo , Kulthi , Maize and Kutki. There are 7 blocks and 11 tehsils in Kanker district. They are: There are 454 Gram Panchayats and 1005 villages in

1580-407: Is located at 20°16′N 81°29′E  /  20.27°N 81.49°E  / 20.27; 81.49 . It has an average elevation of 388 metres (1272 feet). As of the 2011 census , Kanker has a population of 51,385. Males are 51.6% of the population and females are 49.4%. The literacy rate is 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 83% and female literacy

1659-426: Is of dry deciduous type. In Kanker district Sal, teak and mixed forests are found. Sal forests are found in the eastern part of the district, teak forests are found in the Bhanupratappur region and mixed forests are found in most of the area. In the mixed forest varieties of medicinal plants and other economically important plants such as Saja, Tendu, Dhaura, Bija, Harra and Mahua are found in abundance. About half of

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1738-602: Is plentiful in the district, where it is used as a building material. In the Markatola and in Barchhegondi region aluminium-bearing Sillimanite /Kinite deposits have been identified. Some deposits of gold have been found in Sona Dehi, Michgaon and in certain other regions of Bhanupratappur Tehsil. At present some bauxite -based (aluminium) industries are functional in the district. Most of the forest in Kanker district

1817-560: Is sharply increasing, the female literacy rate in India is less than the male literacy rate. Far fewer girls than boys are enrolled in school, and many girls drop out. In urban India, girls are nearly on a par with boys in terms of education. However, in rural India, girls continue to be less educated than boys. According to the National Sample Survey Data of 1997, only the states of Kerala and Mizoram have approached universal female literacy. According to scholars,

1896-610: Is the Mahanadi River. Hatkul, Chinar, Doodh, Sondur, Nakti, and Toori are the other rivers of the area. Bhanupratappur is located on the Kotri Plane. The majority of this plane lies at an elevation less than 400 meters above sea level. Korti and Valler are the main rivers of this area. The topography of Kanker district is also dotted with a multitude of hilly regions. These can be divided into the following three groups: A. Vindhyana Hill Group: These hill groups are spread in

1975-485: Is the world's longest serving female prime minister. The Constitution of India guarantees to all Indian women equality (Article 14), no discrimination by the State (Article 15(1)), equality of opportunity (Article 16), equal pay for equal work (Article 39(d)) and Article 42. In addition, it allows special provisions to be made by the State in favour of women and children (Article 15(3)), renounces practices derogatory to

2054-586: The Centre for the Study of Developing Societies rejected the survey for its methodology and lack of transparency. Also in 2018, the Supreme Court of India struck down a law making it a crime for a man to have sex with a married woman without the permission of her husband. Prior to November 2018, women were forbidden to climb Agasthyarkoodam . A court ruling removed the prohibition. The steady change in

2133-703: The Indo-Aryan speaking regions, and their subordination continued to be reified well into India's early modern period. During the British East India Company rule (1757–1857), and the British Raj (1858–1947), measures aiming at amelioration were enacted, including Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829 , Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 , Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870 , and Age of Consent Act, 1891 . The Indian constitution prohibits discrimination based on sex and empowers

2212-578: The Narmada Bachao Andolan . In 1991, the Kerala High Court restricted the entry of women above the age of 10 and below the age of 50 from Sabarimala Shrine, as they were of the menstruating age. However, on 28 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on the entry of women. It said that discrimination against women on any grounds, even religious, is unconstitutional. The Government of India declared 2001 as

2291-591: The Speaker of the Lok Sabha . However, many women in India continue to face significant difficulties. The rates of malnutrition are exceptionally high among adolescent girls and pregnant and lactating women in India, with repercussions for children 's health. Violence against women , especially sexual violence, is a serious concern in India. During the British Raj , many reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy , Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Jyotirao Phule fought for

2370-604: The Supreme Court of India said that women officers in the Indian Army can get command positions at par with male officers. The court said that the government's arguments against it were discriminatory, disturbing and based on stereotype. The court also said that permanent commission to all women officers should be made available regardless of their years of service. The government had earlier said that women commanders would not be acceptable to some troops. Though it

2449-499: The 1973 Batch became the first Lady Director General of Police of a State in India when she was appointed DGP of Uttarakhand Police . In 2018 an IPS Officer Archana Ramasundram of 1980 Batch became the first Woman to become the Director General of Police of a Paramilitary Force as DG, Sashastra Seema Bal . In March 2018, Delhi Police announced that it would begin to induct women into its SWAT team. On February 17, 2020,

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2528-531: The 2006 Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna and 2022 Gehraiyaan explore more nonconforming female characters. In Gehraiyaan, the main characters struggle with mental illnesses, partake in infidelity, and come from broken families. The overall presence of such characters highlight how the modern Indian woman is less bound to traditional expectations and overall have been entering the workforce, been financially independent, and even sexually freed from earlier standards. Other films with nonconforming female characters include:

2607-473: The 2016 film Dangal , the 2022 film Mili , the 2018 film Raazi , and more. The Indian Armed Forces began recruiting women to non-medical positions in 1992. The Indian Army began inducting women officers in 1992. The Border Security Force (BSF) began recruiting female officers in 2013. On 25 March 2017, Tanushree Pareek became the first female combat officer commissioned by the BSF. On 24 October 2015,

2686-517: The British and later retreated to Nepal. The Begums of Bhopal were also considered notable female rulers during this period. They were trained in martial arts . Chandramukhi Basu , Kadambini Ganguly and Anandi Gopal Joshi were some of the earliest Indian women to obtain a degree. In 1917, the first women's delegation met the Secretary of State to demand women's political rights, supported by

2765-822: The First Lady Indian Police Service Officer and was the only woman in a batch of 80 IPS Officers, she joined the AGMUT Cadre. In 1992 Asha Sinha a 1982 Batch IPS Officer became the First Woman Commandant in the Paramilitary forces of India when she was posted as Commandant, Central Industrial Security Force in Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited . Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya the second Lady IPS Officer of India belonging to

2844-927: The Indian National Congress. The All India Women's Education Conference was held in Pune in 1927, it became a major organisation in the movement for social change. In 1929, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed, stipulating fourteen as the minimum age of marriage for a girl. Mahatma Gandhi , himself a victim of child marriage at the age of thirteen, later urged people to boycott child marriages and called upon young men to marry child widows. Women in India now participate fully in areas such as education, sports, politics, media, art and culture, service sectors, science and technology, etc. Indira Gandhi , who served as Prime Minister of India for an aggregate period of fifteen years,

2923-792: The Indian government announced that women could serve as fighter pilots in the Indian Air Force (IAF), having previously only been permitted to fly transport aircraft and helicopters. The decision means that women are now eligible for induction in any role in the IAF. In 2016, India announced a decision to allow women to take up combat roles in all sections of its army and navy. As of 2014, women made up 3% of Indian Army personnel, 2.8% of Navy personnel, and 8.5% of Air Force personnel. As of 2016, women accounted for 5% of all active and reserve Indian Armed forces personnel. In 1972 Kiran Bedi became

3002-565: The Kandra dynasty which ruled the state up to 1385. After the downfall of the Kandra dynasty, the Chandra dynasty came. According to a myth, the first king of this dynasty was Veer Kanhar Dev. He ruled the state up to 1404. This dynasty ruled the state up to 1802. In more recent years, this district has been affected by violence from Naxalite groups ( Indian Maoists ). The Kanker state came under

3081-399: The Kanker district. Agriculture is the mainstay of people in the district. Even though large numbers of them are tribal, it is agriculture that sustains them for most of the year. Non-timber forest produce is another major source of income, as large tracts of the land are still forested. The tribes in many places practice Marham or Dippa. The farmers who live in the forest cut the trees before

3160-579: The Kanker state was under the rule of the Satvahana dynasty and the king was Satkarni , This fact is also described by Chinese visitor Whensaung. After Satvahana rule, the state was under the control of the Nags, Vakataks , Gupt, Nal and Chalukya dynasties. The Som dynasty was founded by the king Singh Raj, and this dynasty ruled the state from 1125 to 1344. After the downfall of the Som dynasty, Dharam Dev founded

3239-644: The Madai festival in respect of the goddess Kesharpal Kesharpalin Devi. In January, the people of Kanker, and the adjoining areas of Charama and Kurna, celebrate the Madai festival. In the month of February, the festival is celebrated in Bastar district and there the festival is celebrated in the respect of Cheri-Chher-Kin. At the end of February, the Madai festival goes to Antagarh, Narayanpur and Bhanupratappur, and in March it

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3318-563: The Women's Reservation Bill requiring that 33% of seats in India's Parliament and state legislative bodies be reserved for women. In October 2017 another poll published by Thomson Reuters Foundation found that Delhi was the fourth most dangerous megacity (total 40 in the world) for women and it was also the worst megacity in the world for women when it came to sexual violence, risk of rape and harassment. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013

3397-495: The Year of Women's Empowerment ( Swashakti ). The National Policy For The Empowerment Of Women was passed that same year. In 2006, the case of Imrana , a Muslim rape victim, was highlighted by the media. Imrana was raped by her father-in-law. The pronouncement of some Muslim clerics that Imrana should marry her father-in-law led to widespread protests, and finally Imrana's father-in-law was sentenced to 10 years in prison. The verdict

3476-504: The age of 10 and below the age of 50 from Sabarimala Shrine as they were of the menstruating age. On 28 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on the entry of women. It said that discrimination against women on any grounds, even religious, is unconstitutional. The Hindi film industry has had a significant impact on the portrayal of women in Indian society. The films often depict women as strong, independent, and capable of making their own choices, thus offering audiences

3555-416: The agriculture and allied industrial sectors, women account for as much as 89.5% of the labour force. In overall farm production, women's average contribution is estimated at 55% to 66% of the total labour. According to a 1991 World Bank report, women accounted for 94% of total employment in dairy production in India. Women constitute 51% of the total employed in forest-based small-scale enterprises. India

3634-631: The betterment of women. Peary Charan Sarkar , a former student of Hindu College, Calcutta and a member of "Young Bengal", set up the first free school for girls in India in 1847 in Barasat, a suburb of Calcutta (later the school was named Kalikrishna Girls' High School). While this might suggest that there was no positive British contribution during the Raj era, that is not entirely the case. Missionaries' wives such as Martha Mault née Mead and her daughter Eliza Caldwell née Mault are rightly remembered for pioneering

3713-440: The bride moving to live with the in-laws. Families are usually hierarchical, with the elders having authority over the younger generations and men over women. The vast majority of marriages are monogamous (one husband and one wife), but both polygyny and polyandry in India have a tradition among some populations in India. Weddings in India can be quite expensive. Most marriages in India are arranged . With regard to dress,

3792-668: The cause of women. Kittur Chennamma , queen of the princely state Kittur in Karnataka, led an armed rebellion against the British in response to the Doctrine of lapse . Rani Lakshmi Bai , the Queen of Jhansi , led the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British. She is now widely considered as a national hero. Begum Hazrat Mahal , the co-ruler of Awadh , was another ruler who led the revolt of 1857. She refused deals with

3871-520: The construction of many buildings, including a palace near Gadiya Mountain, a printing press, a library, Radhakrishna Temple, Ramjanki Temple, Jagannath Temple and Balaji Temple. Narhar Deo made a plan termed 'Ratna Bhandar' for keeping grain in stock for his people. He established a new town named Narharpur near Kanker. In 1904, Komal Dev became the king of Kanker. During his rule one English secondary school, one Girls school, and 15 primary Schools were established, as well as two hospitals: one in Kanker and

3950-456: The control of the Bhosales of Nagpur during the reign of Bhoop Dev from 1809 to 1818. During the kingship of Narhari Deb, the Kanker state came under control of the British from Maratha. Because the British government gave the adoption to Narhar Dev, he acknowledged fealty to the British. In 1882, the control of Kanker State was handed over to Commissioner Raipur. The rule of Narhar Deo saw

4029-591: The dead person. The Gonds place the legs facing the south, in tombs. In some tribes they place a wooden pole in memory of the dead person. Among the tribes of Kanker and Bastar districts there is an important festival celebrated called Madai . This festival is a moving festival and moves throughout the Kanker, Bastar and Dantewada regions from December to March. The celebration of the festival starts in Bastar Region in December. On Poornima people celebrate

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4108-455: The dignity of women (Article 51(A) (e)), and also allows for provisions to be made by the State for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. (Article 42). Feminist activism in India gained momentum in the late 1970s. One of the first national-level issues that brought women's groups together was the Mathura rape case . The acquittal of policemen accused of raping

4187-467: The district, the Kanker and Charama blocks have a predominantly dry climate, whereas that of Bhanupratappur is of the wet type. The soil in Kanker originates from granite, gneiss, sand and khedar. Most of the area is covered with red soil. The soil is faintly coloured in the higher regions of the hilly tract, while in the river valleys, the soil is smooth and fertile. The soils of this district can be divided into four types. A. Kanhar: This type of soil

4266-613: The district. The physical area of Kanker is heterogeneous and is a mix between flat land and undulating hills. Most of the land is between 300 and 600 meters above sea level, and about 80% of the area of Kanker is flat. These flat lands can be divided into two parts, the Mahanadi Plane and the Kotri Plane. The northeastern part of Kanker is on the Mahanadi Plane. The majority of this plane lies at an elevation less than 500 meters above sea level. The main river in that area

4345-938: The district. Until the end of the Nala dynasty , the people were divided into four different castes , namely: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra. After the downfall of the Nal dynasty, many people came from outside and the main castes divided into sub-castes. There were around 62 castes in Bastar state and Kanker state. The tribes Maria, Gond, Ojha, Muria, Bhatra are divided into sub-caste San Bhatra, Pit Bhatra, Amnit Bhatra Amnit. These castes hold highest status. Parja, Gadva, Halba, Ganda, Mahra, Chandal, Ghuruva, Dom, Lohar, Matrigond, Rajgond, Dorla , Nahar, Naikpod, Kuduk, Andkuri, Kumhar, Kosta, Chamar, Kenvat, Dhakad, were important and in other castes Brahmin, Vaishya, Kayasth, Teli, Kalar, Kshtriya, Kunbi, Dhobi, Marathi, Mohammedan, Pathan, Telanga, Orria, Rohilla and others were important. About half of

4424-515: The education and training of girls in south India. This practice was initially met with local resistance, as it flew in the face of tradition. Raja Rammohan Roy's efforts led to the abolition of Sati under Governor-General William Cavendish-Bentinck in 1829. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's crusade for improvement in the situation of widows led to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. Many women reformers such as Pandita Ramabai also helped

4503-454: The festival is tribal, all the communities have faith, celebrate and enjoy the festival. Other important festivals are Mati-tihar, Gobar-boharani, Rama Navami and Navakhani. Kanker, Chhattisgarh Kanker is a municipality and the headquarters of Kanker District , in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh . It is the second largest city of Bastar division after Jagdalpur . Kanker

4582-528: The fundamental leaders' interpretation of women's rights under the Shariat law and have criticised the triple talaq system (see below about 2017). Mary Roy won a lawsuit in 1986, against the inheritance legislation of her Keralite Syrian Christian community in the Supreme Court . The judgement ensured equal rights for Syrian Christian women with their male siblings in regard to their ancestral property. Until then, her Syrian Christian community followed

4661-590: The government to undertake special measures for them. Women's rights under the Constitution of India mainly include equality, dignity, and freedom from discrimination; additionally, India has various statutes governing the rights of women. Several women have served in various senior official positions in the Indian government, including that of the President of India , the Prime Minister of India ,

4740-513: The husband and can be a ground to seek divorce. The wife was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty as defined under section 27(1)(d) of Special Marriage Act, 1954. On 22 August 2017, the Indian Supreme Court deemed instant triple talaq ( talaq-e-biddat ) unconstitutional. A 2018 poll by Thomson Reuters Foundation termed India as the world's most dangerous country for women. The National Commission for Women and

4819-502: The informal economy than their male counterparts. However, there are far fewer women than men in the paid workforce. In urban India, women participate in the workforce in impressive numbers. For example, in the software industry 30% of the workforce is female. These high numbers are also due to the fact that 81% of the urban female workforce is employed in the informal sector. Studies have shown that higher education levels lead to higher income for urban-dwelling women. In rural India in

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4898-412: The large number of women involved in the workforce, the country has a female labor force participation rate of just 23%. National data collection agencies accept that statistics seriously understate women's contribution as workers. Reasons for these misleading statistics can be attributed to cultural biases and expectations about women's roles in society. Additionally, more Indian women are employed in

4977-638: The major factor behind improvements in the social and economic status of women in Kerala is literacy. Under the Non-Formal Education programme (NFE), about 40% of the NFE centres in states and 10% of the centres in UTs are exclusively reserved for women. As of 2000, about 300,000 NFE centres were catering to about 7.42 million children. About 120,000 NFE centres were exclusively for girls. According to

5056-601: The media, the Indian film industry has played an important role in driving changes in the law and improving the lives of women in India; it has sent messages to its audiences that challenge the restrictive nature of society, promoting the idea that women should have the freedom to make their own choices and live their lives on their own terms. The portrayal of women in Hindi cinema (Bollywood) has shifted over time as social norms have changed, and to include diverse representations. Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge , or DDLJ for short,

5135-419: The northern region of the district, in the areas close to Sambalpur and Bhanupratappur. The climate of the district is of predominantly a “ Monsoon type”. May is the hottest month and December is the coolest month. Annual average rainfall in the district is 1492 mm, 90% of which falls during the period from June to October. The average annual rainfall has fluctuated greatly over the last six years. Within

5214-425: The only feasible option in the short to medium run is to increase employment in the main livelihood sector, which is agriculture. Diversification, intensification and stabilisation of agriculture are at the core of the challenge of livelihood promotion in the district. Kanker is rich in minerals. Iron ore , quartzite and garnet deposits are found in southern regions of the district, but mining of these minerals on

5293-685: The other in Sambalpur . He died on 8 January 1925. After his death, Bhanupratap Dev became the king. Bhanupratap Dev was the last king of Kanker before the Independence of India . After independence, he was elected twice as an MLA from Kanker constituency. What is now Kanker District was a part of old Bastar district. In 1999, Kanker received its identity as an independent district. It is now surrounded by five other districts of Chhattisgarh state: Kondagaon District , Dhamtari District , Balod District , Narayanpur and Rajnandgaon District . It

5372-429: The population is tribal, although in this modern era the culture has slightly changed. In all castes, people live as a joint family. All the families are male dominant. The oldest person is the head of the family and all other members obey his authority. The oldest person of the family has full authority on all financial matters. All sons have the same share in the family assets, however daughters have no share. In tribes,

5451-1057: The position of women can be highlighted by looking at what has been achieved by women in the country: India has one of the highest number of female politicians in the world. Women have held high offices in India including that of the President , Prime Minister , Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Leader of the Opposition . The Indian states Madhya Pradesh , Bihar , Uttarakhand , Himachal Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Kerala , Karnataka , Maharashtra , Orissa , Rajasthan and Tripura have implemented 50% reservation for women in PRIs. Majority of candidates in these Panchayats are women. In 2015, 100% of elected members in Kodassery Panchayat in Kerala are women. There are currently 16 female chief ministers in India as of 2020. As of 2018, 12 out of 29 states and

5530-517: The provisions of the Travancore Succession Act of 1916 and the Cochin Succession Act, 1921, while elsewhere in India the same community followed the Indian Succession Act of 1925. In the 1990s, grants from foreign donor agencies enabled the formation of new women-oriented NGOs. Self-help groups and NGOs such as Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) have played a major role in the advancement of women's rights in India. Many women have emerged as leaders of local movements; for example, Medha Patkar of

5609-429: The rainy season and use the land for agriculture. After every two years they prepare a new farm and leave the old one fallow for some time. On the planes, the land is farm every year. Rice is the main crop but wheat, sugar cane, Gram, Kodo, Moong, Tilli, and maize other important crops. People also grow varieties of vegetables. Varieties of fruits such as mangoes, and bananas are also produced. About half of rural Kanker

5688-418: The south eastern part of Kanker district, where the soil constitutes six phases of quartile and sand. B. Archian Hill Groups: 95% of the area of Kanker is covered by Archian Hill Group. In this area, granite and gneiss rocks are spread over almost all the geographical area of the district. C. Dharwar Hill Group: This hill group is very crude and broken in shape and form. These hills are spread all over

5767-612: The state. A shared cab facility offers connection to neighbouring local routes. The nearest airport and major railway station is in Raipur. This article related to a location in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Women in India The status of women in India has been subject to many changes over the time of recorded India's history. Their position in society deteriorated early in India's ancient period, especially in

5846-595: The time of the 2011 Census of India , 60.76% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi , 17.06% Gondi , 13.10% Bengali , 5.71% Hindi and 1.71% Halbi as their first language. The district headquarters of Kanker is 140 kilometers from Raipur and 160 kilometers from Jagadalpur . In 2018, the district got its first railway station in the form of Bhanupratappur railway station . Daily DEMU services connect Keoti and Bhanupratappur to Raipur. The Mahanadi River , Doodh River, Hatkul River, Sondur River and Turu River all flow through small pockets of hills in

5925-405: The total population is Kanker district is tribal. Accordingly, most of the culture of Kanker district is tribal, even though an interplay/fusion with other cultures is clearly visible. The chief languages or dialects used in the Kanker district are Hindi, Bengali , Chhattisgarhi , Gondi and Halbi . There were times when Halbi was an important language; at one time all of the administrative work

6004-506: The union territory of Delhi have had at least one female Chief Minister. Currently there are 81 women members and 458 male members in the Indian Parliament which equals 15.3% and 84.97% respectively. The status of women in India is strongly connected to family relations. In India, the family is seen as crucially important, and in most of the country, the family unit is patrilineal . Families are usually multi-generational, with

6083-457: The women play an important role. Like all other cultured castes, the marriage ceremony is very important to the tribes of Kanker. Among the tribes, if any woman chooses a new husband, then the new husband gives money to the old husband as 'compensation allowance'. This compensation is settled by the leader of caste. Re-marriage of widows is also popular among tribes. In Halbas no widow may be married with any unmarried person. In some tribes, there

6162-416: Was done in that language. Halbi is a compound form of Hindi. Bhatri is the main branch of Halbi language. There are a lot of words taken in this language from other languages including Sanskrit, Hindi, Arabic, and Persian . Like Hindi, Halbi also has two genders, masculine and feminine, but the feminine is used more. The other languages such as Bengali, Telugu and Odia are also spoken in some parts of

6241-683: Was welcomed by many women's groups and the All India Muslim Personal Law Board. According to a 2011 poll conducted by the Thomson Reuters Foundation , India was the "fourth most dangerous country" in the world for women, India was also noted as the worst country for women among the G20 countries, however, this report has faced criticism for promoting inaccurate perceptions. On 9 March 2010, one day after International Women's day, Rajya Sabha passed

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