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39-567: The incident occurred when Formosa Magazine , headed by released political prisoner Shih Ming-teh and veteran opposition legislator Huang Hsin-chieh , and other opposition politicians held a demonstration commemorating Human Rights Day to promote and demand democracy in Taiwan. At that time, the Republic of China was a one-party state under the Kuomintang , called Dang Guo , and

78-406: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See tips for writing articles about magazines . Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page . This article about media in Taiwan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Taiwan Garrison Command The Taiwan Garrison Command ( Chinese : 臺灣警備總司令部 ; pinyin : Táiwān Jǐngbèi Zǒngsīlìngbù )

117-560: The Amnesty International Osaka office. The next day, Lin's mother and twin 7-year-old daughters were stabbed to death in his home, while his oldest daughter was badly wounded. The authorities claimed to know nothing about it, even though his house was under 24-hour police surveillance. In March–April 1980, the eight most prominent leaders "The Kaohsiung Eight" were tried in military court and were sentenced to terms ranging from 12 years to life imprisonment. The trial

156-647: The February 28 incident . In 1958, the Republic of China government underwent a series of restructuring, and Taiwan Provincial Security Command was merged with Taiwan Provincial Civil Defense Command ( 台灣省民防司令部 ), Taiwan Defense Command ( 台灣防衛總司令部 ), and Taipei Garrison Command ( 台北衛戌總司令部 ), becoming the Taiwan Garrison Command under the command of Huang Chen-chiu , the commander of the defunct Taipei Garrison Command. The Taiwan Garrison Command

195-538: The Kaohsiung Incident . Also, it was rumored to have been involved in many politically motivated assassinations/murders, such as the murder of Lin Yi-hsiung 's family and the murder of Dr. Chen Wen-chen . The reputation of Taiwan Garrison Command is so notorious that its name symbolizes the authoritarian rule to which Taiwan was once subjected. The Taiwan Provincial Garrison Command ( 台灣省警備總司令部 )

234-483: The "Human Rights Forum". The wagons were held up by police and two volunteers were arrested and beaten, which roused Tangwai and its supporters to protest at the Gushan branch of Public Security Bureau. This incident caused many outraged Tangwai members and supporters who had not planned to attend the forum the next day to do so. The event on 10 December 1979 started out as the first major Human Rights Day celebration on

273-621: The 1990s, Taiwan was effectively a one-party state under the rule of the Kuomintang (KMT). During the late 1970s many opponents of the KMT seeking democracy gradually organized themselves as an opposition camp, following the establishment of the magazine Taiwan Political Review by Kang Ning-hsiang in 1975. These opponents called themselves " Tangwai ", literally meaning "outside the party". In its fifth edition on 27 December 1976 it published an article entitled "Two States of Mind – An Evening Discussion with Fou Cong and Professor Liou" which resulted in

312-654: The 2008 and 2012 presidential and legislative elections to the KMT, the DPP successfully contested and won both elections in 2016. Chen Shui-bian , who was later elected to two terms as ROC president , was one of the defence lawyers, while his running mate, Annette Lu , was one of the "Kaohsiung Eight". She was sentenced to 12 years, of which she served five and a half. Formosa Magazine Formosa Magazine , also known as Mei-li-tao ( Chinese : 『美麗島』雜誌 ; pinyin : Měilìdǎo Zázhì ; Wade–Giles : Mei-li-tao Tsa-chi ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Bí-lē-tó Cha̍p-chì ),

351-636: The Kaohsiung Incident and framed it as a violent mass event. China Times , United Daily News , and KMT-owned Central District News also incorrectly stated that the Tangwai protesters were motivated by a pro-independence mindset. It also stated that they were working to subvert the Republic of China in cooperation with the Chinese Communist Party. Such news reports caused negative public opinion. This negative public opinion

390-502: The Kaohsiung incident, a decade of political struggle continued between the mainlander-controlled KMT and the other political parties. The importance of the incident is that both Taiwanese people in Taiwan as well as the overseas Taiwanese community were galvanized into political actions. The movement which grew out of the incident formed the basis for the present-day governing Democratic Progressive Party . While political opposition at

429-560: The Republic of China as of 1 January 1979. It was the most serious challenge to the Taiwan government since it lost its seat at the United Nations to the People's Republic of China in 1971. President Chiang Ching-kuo immediately postponed all elections without a definite deadline for its restoration. Tangwai, which had won steadily expanding support, was strongly frustrated and disappointed about Chiang's decision since it suspended

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468-723: The Republic of China government, and maintenance of law and order. The agency was renamed as the All-Taiwan Provincial Garrison Command ( 台灣全省警備總司令部 ) and relocated to Taipei in 1947. Peng Meng-chi ) was appointed its new commanding general. In the beginning of 1949, as the Republic of China government was retreating to Taiwan in the final stages of the Chinese Civil War , the Command was re-designated as "Taiwan Provincial Garrison Command" and headed by Chen Cheng , who concurrently held

507-568: The afternoon of 8 September 1979. A blockade by the military ensued, sometimes known as the Mandarina Crown Hotel Incident. For the next three months until the raid, branches were opened throughout Taiwan. Opening were followed by speeches and conferences. Formosa Magazine was owned by The Formosa Plastics Group , a group of companies originally founded in 1954 in part funded by an American economic aid mission. This political magazine or journal-related article

546-458: The arrest of Yu as a signal of complete suppression and decided to make a last-ditch effort by holding radical demonstrations on the street, resulting in the escalating conflict between the conservative KMT and Tangwai. On 20 April, the government impeached Magistrate Hsu Hsin-liang for participating the historical first democratic rally in the Martial law period. In May 1979, Formosa Magazine

585-414: The evening, the military police marched forward and closed in on the demonstrators, then they retreated again to their original position. This was repeated two or more times. The battalion commander explained that the purpose of this exercise was to cause panic and fear in the crowd and also to provoke anger and confusion. Political demonstrators clashed with troops sent by the KMT. The KMT authorities used

624-496: The event, newspapers reported that the ensuing confrontations led to civilian and police injuries. After the incident, four Tangwai participants were arrested and imprisoned on trumped-up charges of sedition , including Huang Hsin-chieh , Yao Chia-wen , Chang Chun-hung and Lin Hung-hsuan . Mainstream media had long been controlled by the authoritarian KMT government. The contemporary domestic newspapers were biased about

663-503: The government used this protest as an excuse to arrest the main leaders of the political opposition. The Kaohsiung Incident is widely regarded as a seminal event in the post-war history of Taiwan and the watershed of the Taiwan democratization movements. The event had the effect of galvanizing the Taiwanese community into political actions and is regarded as one of the events that eventually led to democracy in Taiwan. From 1949 until

702-458: The incident as an excuse to arrest virtually all well-known opposition leaders. They were held incommunicado for some two months, during which reports of severe ill-treatment filtered out of the prisons. The arrested groups were subsequently tried in three separate groups. In February 1980, Lin Yi-hsiung , a leader of the democratic movement, was in detention and beaten severely by KMT police. His wife, Fang Su-min , saw him in prison and contacted

741-478: The incident. The time period experienced a rising middle class, and a more open-minded Kuomintang (KMT) ruling regime that allowed some fostering of political opposition. Taiwanese citizens were becoming weary of mainlander authority, and were eager for a more democratic society. The event turned into a series of political protests that led to public trials and arrests. It is considered a turning point for pro-democracy groups/anti-KMT political opposition. After

780-416: The island. Until that time the authorities had never allowed any public expression of discontent. Between 2:00 and 3:00 p.m. that afternoon (four hours before the demonstration commemorating Human Rights Day started, and before any irregularities had taken place), the military police, the army, and the police had already taken up positions when the demonstrators arrived. When the event took place during

819-515: The office of Governor of Taiwan. On 20 May 1949, Chen Cheng, in his capacity as commanding general for the province and its military governor, declared martial law in Taiwan . Immediately, the Taiwan Provincial Garrison Command was ordered to enforce Martial Law within Taiwan, excluding the areas Kinmen and Matsu of Fujian Province , which had been under Martial Law since 10 December 1948. On 15 August 1949, it

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858-585: The offices of the Formosa Magazine and Huang's residence in Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung with one employee injured by axe, allegedly by Lieutenant general Chang chi-hsiu ( Chinese : 常持琇中將 ). Tangwai held many public gatherings and protests, without official permission. The KMT response was limited, such as sending police in riot gear but not suppressing the gatherings. This low-level reaction gave Tangwai confidence in its own power and it stuck to

897-479: The only legitimate method they could use to express their opinions. Tangwai leader Huang Hsin-chieh and his comrades soon petitioned the KMT government for the restoration of elections, but were rebuffed. On 21 January 1979, the KMT arrested Yu Teng-fa , another Tangwai leader, and his son with the intentional false accusation of propagandising for the Chinese Communist Party . Tangwai regarded

936-528: The radical approach. The magazine's Kaohsiung service center applied for a permit to hold a human rights forum on 10 December 1979 at an indoor stadium, and after that was denied it applied for a permit to hold the event at the Rotary Park (扶輪公園), which was also denied. In response, it was decided to hold the demonstration at the Kaohsiung headquarters. On 9 December 1979, the Kaohsiung branch of Formosa Magazine dispatched two campaign wagons to broadcast

975-426: The revocation of the publisher's license. In the 1977 election , Tangwai expanded support significantly and won more seats than ever before. The outcome of the election demonstrated the potential of Tangwai as a quasi-opposition party to the ruling KMT and laid the ground for the ensuing mass movement. On 16 December 1978, U.S. President Jimmy Carter announced that the U.S. would sever its official relationship with

1014-462: The time was not yet calling for Taiwanese independence , the event called for self-determination. An overseas support network of Taiwanese organizations was also formed in North America and Europe . Virtually all leading members of the present-day democratic government had a role in the event, either as defendants or as defense lawyers. By 2000, DPP successfully ended KMT rule. After losing

1053-470: The usual military recruit training. Although officially a military division, Taiwan Garrison Command actually functioned as a secret police organization. It was actively involved in suppression of suspected Communist sympathizers or Taiwan Independence activists. Many pro-democracy activists were imprisoned as well. Famous cases include the arrest of Peng Ming-min , the Taiyuan Incident , and

1092-633: Was Kao Chun-ming , the general-secretary of the Presbyterian Church. Kao was sentenced to seven years imprisonment. The others received lesser sentences. Shih was given a life sentence, and his wife, Linda Gail Arrigo , a United States citizen , was deported. Fifteen of Taiwan's most important political leaders, writers and intellectuals, all associated with the Formosa Magazine , were arrested. Fifteen publications were closed down, including Meilidao (Formosa Magazine) . After

1131-650: Was a magazine created by Tangwai individuals in Taiwan during the summer of 1979. It opposed the Kuomintang 's political monopoly in the Republic of China government. A police raid of the Formosa Press caused the Kaohsiung Incident in December 1979. There were 61 participants; less than ten were truly active, namely, The opening celebration took place in Mandarina Crown Hotel (中泰賓館) in

1170-462: Was a secret police and national security body under the Republic of China Armed Forces on Taiwan . The agency was established at the end of World War II , and operated throughout the Cold War . It was disbanded on 1 August 1992. Taiwan Garrison Command was responsible for suppressing activities viewed as promoting communism , democracy , and Taiwan independence . Taiwan Garrison Command

1209-539: Was also publicized. In April–May 1980, another group of 33 people, "The Kaohsiung 33", who had taken part in the Human Rights Day gathering were tried in civil court and sentenced to terms ranging from two to six years. A third group of 10 people were associated with the Presbyterian Church for hiding Shih Ming-teh , who feared torture and immediate execution. Most prominent among this group

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1248-660: Was commanded by a three-star general officer and contained both officers or enlisted personnel from the Army, Marine Corps, Military Police, Political Warfare, or Intelligence Bureau; and members from the National Police Agency of the Ministry of the Interior , as well as civilian recruits from other colleges after special training. Because of security reasons, its military draftees were tagged and interviewed before

1287-493: Was established by Huang Hsin-chieh with Hsu as the director aiming at consolidating Tangwai membership. On 16 August 1979, the first edition was published under the title "Joint Promotion of the New Generation's Political Movements". The initial issue sold out all of its 25,000 copies, the second and third issues sold almost 100,000 copies, and the fourth issue sold more than 110,000. Nonetheless, Hsu's magistracy position

1326-474: Was established on 1 September 1945 at Chongqing , with Chen Yi as its first commanding general. On the same day, the Governor Office of Taiwan Province  [ zh ] (1 September 1945 — 16 May 1947) was formed, and Chen Yi was appointed Governor of Taiwan. This command's major responsibilities included the repatriation of all Japanese nationals in Taiwan, transfer of authority over Taiwan to

1365-486: Was further split into Southeast Military Governor Office ( zh:東南軍政長官公署 ; 1949-08-15—1950-03-16) and Taiwan Provincial Security Command ( 台灣省保安司令部 ), with Peng Meng-chi appointed as commanding general. The Southeast Military Governor Office, headed by Chen Cheng, was responsible for the defense of four provinces: Jiangsu , Zhejiang , Fujian and Taiwan; and was directly responsible for the systematic killing of thousands of Taiwanese social elites, as part of what became known as

1404-625: Was involved in the 1980 murder of lawyer and opposition politician Lin I-hsiung and his family. Taiwan Garrison Command continued to enforce Martial Law until 14 July 1987, the lift of Martial Law over Taipei City , Kaohsiung City , and Taiwan Province by a presidential order from Chiang Ching-kuo . On 30 April 1991, President Lee Teng-hui declared the termination of the Period of Communist Rebellion and Taiwan Garrison Command again lost its other lawful justification. This military organization

1443-673: Was revoked by the government in 29 June, and he went exile to U.S. on 30 September. On 17 October 1979, a meeting of 22 Kuomintang security agencies adopted a proposal to ban the magazine after a protest from the South Korean Embassy over an article in the second issue titled "Unveil the Myth of the Korean Economic Miracle" (揭發韓國經濟奇蹟的神話). In November and early December, the southern command of Taiwan Garrison Command abetted 6 cases of local mafia members smashing

1482-402: Was transformed and restructured into the "Coast Guard Command and Military Reserve District Command" on 1 August 1992. The move effectively disbanded the Taiwan Garrison Command, under quiet orders from then President Lee Teng-hui : The transitional justice process began shortly after the Taiwan Garrison Command was disbanded. The Transitional Justice Commission is charged with overseeing

1521-435: Was used by the media as further proof to attack and condemn the Tangwai. The incident caused international attention around the world, which pressed the KMT government to hold an open trial on the accused. Even though there were pressures from the U.S. and reports from the international media such as New York Times , the mainstream Taiwanese media refuted what the larger international media reported as biased rumors regarding

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