Karnali Bridge , the asymmetric, single-tower, cable-stayed bridge is the second longest of its type in Nepal and was built by international collaboration between USA, Japan and Nepal.
37-594: It is the first and only cable-stayed bridge in the country till date. The bridge spans the Karnali River between the Kailali District and Bardiya District of western Nepal . The bridge was designed by Steinman, Boynton, Gronquist & Birdsall of USA, constructed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries of Japan and funded by the World Bank. It was inaugurated after six years of its construction date by
74-707: A course of 1,080 kilometres (670 mi). Saryu river is stated to be synonymous with the modern Karnali river or as a tributary of it. Karnali River exposes the oldest part of the Sivalik Hills of Nepal. The remnant magnetization of siltstones and sandstones in this group suggests a depositional age of between 16 million and 5.2 million years. The Karnali River Basin lies between the mountain ranges of Dhaulagiri in Nepal and Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand . Dhaulagiri II , elevation 7,751 metres (25,430 ft),
111-409: A distance of about 300 kilometres (190 mi). The minimum depth was 75 centimetres (30 in). These depths were available without any river conservancy works. All other conditions of navigable channel such as the width and current of flow etc. were also found to be very favourable. The low water stage in this river is only for a short duration. There is a great urgency to carry out detailed study of
148-710: A potentially viable dolphin population. Disturbance and environmental degradation associated with geotechnical feasibility studies and bridge and road construction for the dam already may have contributed to a decline in the number and range of dolphins or susu above the Nepal-India border. The Ghaghara is the furthest upstream in the dolphin range. Other important protected areas and their biological and religious significance are a) Khaptad NP at 2.25 square kilometres (0.87 sq mi), Dhorpatan HR at 13.25 square kilometres (5.12 sq mi), and WR (1976) at Kanchanpur at 3.05 square kilometres (1.18 sq mi) in
185-460: Is K2 , over 1,031 km (640 mi) away. The south face of Gurja Himal in the titular massif is also notably immense. The rock layers found at the summit of Dhaulagiri, as well as Everest, is made up of limestone and dolomite formed at the bottom of the ocean. The summits of the other eight-thousanders of the Himalayas are made up of granite that were formed deep underground. Dhaulagiri
222-600: Is also the highest point of the Gandaki river basin. Looking north from the plains of India, most 8,000-metre peaks are obscured by nearer mountains, but in clear weather, Dhaulagiri is conspicuous from northern Bihar and as far south as Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh . In 1808, survey computations showed it to be the highest mountain yet surveyed . This lasted until 1838 when Kangchenjunga took its place, followed by Mount Everest in 1858. Dhaulagiri I stands to
259-477: Is considered the largest in Asia and designed to provide irrigation to a Culturalable Command Area (CCA) of 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) covering 14 districts in 168 blocks with a gross command area of 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi). On account of high silt flows during the flood season, Sarda Sahayak supplies (from Karnali) are suspended for 100 days between June and October, when
296-772: Is linked to the Lower Sarda Barrage (built across the Sarda river, with a catchment area of 17,818 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi), about 28 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of Lakhimpur Kheri Rly station in Lakhimpur Kheri district ) via a link canal from Girija Barrage to the Lower Sarda Barrage which is 28 kilometres (17 mi) long and is designed to divert a discharge of 480 cubic metres per second (17,000 cu ft/s) from Gandak to Sarda river. The feeder channel taking off from
333-736: Is locally known as "Saryu" or "Sarayu" in the city of Ayodhya. Bardia National Park is the largest and most undisturbed protected area in the Karnali River basin, covering 968 km (374 sq mi) on the southern slopes of the Sivalik Hills . It is bordered in the south by the Babai River, and to the west by the Girwa River, a tributary of the Karnali. At Chisapani Gorge, the swift-flowing Karnali River emerges from
370-408: Is located between 26°00' to 27°20' N latitude and 83°30' to 84°15' E longitude. Right bank tributaries are Khekhra, Hirna, Jethan, Maun, Duhari, Kanchi and Koilar rivers; Khanua river joins from the left bank. The discharge of Chhoti Gandak is mainly controlled by rain, which is very high during the monsoon season and low during the summers. It has been observed that whenever precipitation is high in
407-980: Is now connected by karnali highway and now due to various hydro electricity projects this area is being developed. Now a 900 MW project is going to be constructed in this river In India, the administrative districts in the Ghaghra catchment are Ambedkar Nagar , Ayodhya , Gonda , Azamgarh , Barabanki , Basti , Ballia , Bahraich , Deoria , Gonda , Gorakhpur , Sant Kabir Nagar , Lakhimpur Kheri , Mau , Sitapur of Uttar Pradesh and Siwan district in Bihar . Important towns in India include Akabarpur , Ayodhya , Bahraich , Barabanki , Basti , Deoria , Barhalganj , Gonda , Gorakhpur , Sitapur , Siddharthnagar , Saint Kabir Nagar , Kamhariya, Rajesultanpur , Tanda and Mihinpurwa[Bahraich] in Uttar Pradesh and Chapra, Siwan , and Sonepur in Bihar . The Ghaghra River
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#1732787557796444-482: Is the seventh highest mountain in the world at 8,167 metres (26,795 ft) above sea level, and the highest mountain within the borders of a single country. It was first climbed on 13 May 1960 by a Swiss-Austrian-Nepali expedition. Annapurna I (8,091 m (26,545 ft)) is 34 km (21 mi) east of Dhaulagiri. The Kali Gandaki River flows between the two in the Kaligandaki Gorge , said to be
481-584: Is the highest point of the entire basin. In the north, it lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas . The basin formed by the river has a total catchment area of 127,950 square kilometres (49,400 sq mi), of which 45 percent is in India. Chhoti Gandak is a groundwater-fed meandering river originating near Dhesopool, Maharajganj district of Uttar Pradesh . It travels a distance of about 250 kilometres (160 mi) and joins Ghaghara near Guthani, Siwan district of Bihar . The Chhoti Gandak River Basin
518-799: The Ganges . With a length of 507 km (315 mi), it is the longest river in Nepal. The total length of the Ghaghara up to its confluence with the Ganges at Revelganj in Bihar is 1,080 km (670 mi). It is the largest tributary of the Ganges by volume and the second largest by length after Yamuna . The Karnali rises in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet , in the glaciers of Mapchachungo, at an elevation of about 3,962 metres (12,999 ft) above sea level. The river flows south through one of
555-563: The Karnali Province is the largest zone with about 5,000 square miles (13,000 km ) area. Its administrative center is Jumla . The zone is divided into the five districts of Dolpa , Humla , Jumla , Kalikot and Mugu . The Karnali Province has the lowest population density in Nepal. There are no large settlements on the banks of the river, which is only crossed near Chisapani by the Mahendra Highway. This region
592-762: The Karnali River in Nepal , Mapcha Tsangpo in Tibet , and the lower Ghaghara in Awadh is known as the Sarayu River , is a perennial trans-boundary river that originates in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in the Tibetan Plateau , cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal and joins the Sharda River at Brahmaghat in India . Together they form the Ghaghara River, a major left-bank tributary of
629-633: The Sivalik Hills , it splits into two branches, the Geruwa on the left and Kauriala river on the right near Chisapani to rejoin south of the Indian border and form the proper Ghaghara. Other tributaries originating in Nepal are the West Rapti , the Kali (or Mahakali) and the little Gandak. It flows southeast through Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states to join the Ganges downstream of the town of Chhapra , after
666-599: The Girijapuri Barrage (a low gated dam), located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) downstream of the Nepal–India border ( in Mihinpurwa district Bahraich). A high dam has been planned for some time just upstream of the dolphins' current (or at least recent) range in the Karnali River, Nepal. If built, this structure would almost certainly eliminate the small amount of dolphin habitat in Nepal's last river with
703-586: The Government of India had carried out hydrographical survey of the Karnali River from the Bahramghat to the confluence of this river and the Ganges a distance of 446 kilometres (277 mi). This survey was done in the years 1943–53 to explore the possibility of improvement and extension of navigation on this river by powered crafts. These surveys revealed that there were only 5 shoals under 90 centimetres (35 in) at low water between Burhaj and Bahramghat
740-797: The Himalayas where most of the streams were simply fast-moving water throughout the greater part of the year and not navigable when flowing rapidly, most of the rivers with steadier currents had boats on them. The Ganges, the Ghaghra, the Yamuna , the Gomti , the Sharda and the Rapti were the most important navigable rivers in the Northwestern provinces and Oudh . Many trade items such as timber, food grains, sugar, indigo, cotton seed, poppy seed and mustard seed were transported by boats. April, May and June were
777-623: The Karnali Bridge is the town of Chisapani in Far-Western Region, Nepal . The Karnali River Bridge was designed by Steinman, a firm that was later incorporated into the Parsons Corporation, USA. Kawasaki Heavy Industries constructed the bridge. 28°38′29″N 81°16′59″E / 28.6415°N 81.2831°E / 28.6415; 81.2831 Ghaghara The Ghaghara River , also known as
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#1732787557796814-1884: The Karnali river to develop modern inland waterway by applying various channel improvement technologies. Dhaulagiri Legend： 1： Mount Everest , 2： Kangchenjunga , 3： Lhotse , 4： Yalung Kang, Kanchenjunga West , 5： Makalu , 6： Kangchenjunga South , 7： Kangchenjunga Central , 8： Cho Oyu , 9： Dhaulagiri , 10： Manaslu (Kutang) , 11： Nanga Parbat (Diamer) , 12： Annapurna , 13： Shishapangma (Shishasbangma, Xixiabangma) , 14： Manaslu East , 15： Annapurna East Peak , 16： Gyachung Kang , 17： Annapurna II , 18： Tenzing Peak (Ngojumba Kang, Ngozumpa Kang, Ngojumba Ri) , 19： Kangbachen , 20： Himalchuli (Himal Chuli) , 21： Ngadi Chuli (Peak 29, Dakura, Dakum, Dunapurna) , 22： Nuptse (Nubtse) , 23： Nanda Devi , 24： Chomo Lonzo (Chomolonzo, Chomolönzo, Chomo Lönzo, Jomolönzo, Lhamalangcho) , 25： Namcha Barwa (Namchabarwa) , 26： Zemu Kang (Zemu Gap Peak) , 27： Kamet , 28： Dhaulagiri II , 29： Ngojumba Kang II , 30： Dhaulagiri III , 31： Kumbhakarna Mountain (Mount Kumbhakarna, Jannu) , 32： Gurla Mandhata (Naimona'nyi, Namu Nan) , 33： Hillary Peak (Ngojumba Kang III) , 34： Molamenqing (Phola Gangchen) , 35： Dhaulagiri IV , 36： Annapurna Fang , 37： Silver Crag , 38： Kangbachen Southwest , 39： Gangkhar Puensum (Gangkar Punsum) , 40： Annapurna III , 41： Himalchuli West , 42： Annapurna IV , 43： Kula Kangri , 44： Liankang Kangri (Gangkhar Puensum North, Liangkang Kangri) , 45： Ngadi Chuli South Dhaulagiri , located in Nepal ,
851-471: The Lower Sarda Barrage is 258.8 kilometres (160.8 mi) long, feeds the five branches of Dariyabad, Barabani, Haideganj, RaeBareil and Purva, and is designed to carry a discharge of 765 cubic metres per second (27,000 cu ft/s). The Sarda Sahayak feeder channel meets the Haidergarh branch at 171 kilometres (106 mi) and Raibareli branch at 187 kilometres (116 mi). The entire canal system
888-644: The Lower Sarda Canal (feeder canal) draws water from the Sarda River, which is then flooded. In the past the Karnali River was considered to be attractive for the development of navigation right from the Indo–Nepal border to the confluence of this river and the Ganges. The lower reach of this river—called the Ghaghra in India—was used in the past for navigation by steamers. Apart from in the foothills of
925-522: The Shiwalik Range onto the broad plain and flows purposefully through the semi-tropical jungle. The park is famous for two Asian elephant herds, several deer species, gaur , nilgai , Himalayan tahr , serow and goral . The Karnali supports the endangered mugger crocodile , the gharial , a few remaining South Asian river dolphins and the golden mahseer . Other protected areas include Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary . The Karnali provides
962-615: The Terai Sal. The Sarda Sahayak Irrigation Project uses the combined flows from the rivers Ghaghara and Sarda in the Girija Barrage built across the Ghaghara river below a catchment area of 45,500 square kilometres (17,600 sq mi). This barrage is situated about 9 kilometres (6 mi) downstream of Khatria Ghat Rly station and 16 kilometres (10 mi) from the international border to Nepal in Bahraich district. It
999-515: The catchment areas, there is flood in the downstream part of the Chhoti Gandak River Basin. The region exhibits upland terrace surface, river valley terrace surface, present-day river channel with narrow flood plains, natural levee, and point-bar deposits. All these geomorphic features are depositional in nature and made up of alluvium of different ages. The main tributaries of the Karnali are Seti and Bheri . In Nepal,
1036-617: The east of the range which bears its name. Its sudden rise from lower terrain is almost unequaled—it rises 7,000 m (22,970 ft) from the Kali Gandaki River 30 km to the southeast, while the South and West faces rise precipitously over 4,000 m (13,120 ft). Such is its vertical relief that despite being closer to Cho Oyu and Mount Everest , it is the only one of the Nepali eight-thousanders whose prominence parent
1073-544: The late Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala . The bridge lies in Mahendra Highway at Chisapani at the border of Kailali and Bardiya district. The bridge site is 500 km from the capital city of Kathmandu , and 86 km from the closest airport facilities in Dhangadhi. The design of the bridge and its location have made it a tourist attraction for domestic and international visitors. The nearest city to
1110-582: The most remote and least explored areas of Nepal as the Karnali River. The 202-kilometre (126 mi) Seti River drains the western part of the catchment and joins the Karnali River in Doti District north of Dundras hill. Another tributary, the 264-kilometre (164 mi) long Bheri , rises in the western part of Dhaulagiri Himalaya and drains the eastern part of the catchment, meeting the Karnali near Kuineghat in Surkhet . Cutting southward across
1147-459: The most suitable months and were a busy trading period. Different kinds of cargo boats were used on the Ganges, the smaller ones were known as always , while the larger ones were known as Katris . In the latter half of the 19th century when the railways came into existence, the significance of waterways as inland trade routes declined, as the railways were faster and safer. With the exception of eastern parts of Bengal where abundance of water in
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1184-408: The natural network of channels sustained and continued to provide a suitable mode of transport of goods and people, the railways had almost entirely replaced the waterways as communication lines throughout the country by the end of the 19th century. The possibilities for further extension of the steamer services to the north had also been explored in the past. The Central Water and Power Commission of
1221-462: The so-called "Pear" buttress) and the South Face. The latter is often regarded as one of the greatest remaining challenges in alpinism. As of 2007, there had been 358 successful ascents and 58 fatalities , which is a summit to a fatality rate of 16.2%. Between 1950 and 2006, 2.88% of 2,016 expedition members and staff going above base camp on Dhaulagiri I died. On all 8,000 metre peaks in Nepal
1258-581: The upper range for the Gangetic river dolphin ( Platanista gangetica ), the largest freshwater mammals found on the Indian subcontinent. They are considered vulnerable species under CITES Appendix 1 and are classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2004). The river dolphins are legally protected animals in Nepal as endangered mammal and fall under Schedule I of the protected list of National Parks & Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973. Living at
1295-498: The upstream range limit, dolphins in the Karnali River are particularly vulnerable to threats from habitat degradation. Dolphins need deep pools of water. They are often found in places where human activities are most intense and they are sometimes accidentally caught by the local people who live in the lower Karnali basin. The Karnali River supports the last potentially viable population of the Ganges river dolphin in Nepal. These dolphins are at their farthest upstream range and isolated by
1332-518: The world's deepest. The town of Pokhara is south of the Annapurnas, an important regional center and the gateway for climbers and trekkers visiting both ranges as well as a tourist destination in its own right. Dhaulagiri (धौलागिरी) is the Nepali name for the mountain which comes from Sanskrit where धवल (dhawala) means dazzling, white, beautiful and गिरि (giri) means mountain. Dhaulagiri I
1369-538: Was the penultimate eight-thousander to be summitted, and the final in Nepal. As its other routes are disproportionately dangerous, most ascents have followed the Northeast Ridge route of the first ascent, but climbs have been made from most directions. As of 2024, the two aspects which have repelled all attempts along their full length are the Northwest Ridge (though it has been climbed to the summit via
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