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102-497: Although since the dawn of humanity people have faced each other in hand-to-hand combat , the first documentation on the use of kicking and punching in sports combat is from ancient Greece and ancient India . But nevertheless, the term kickboxing originated in Japan, in the 1960s, and developed in the late 1950s from karate mixed with boxing , having some influence, with competitions held since then. American kickboxing originated in

204-446: A French diplomat to Siam of King Louis XIV , handwrote that Muay Thai was one of the occupations of Siamese people in his famous book, Du Royaume de Siam , during the reign of King Narai , which reads: La chaleur du climat fait en eux affez de diſſipation. La lutte, & le combat à coups de poing ou de coude y ſont des mêtiers de batteleur. La courſe des balons eſt donc leur ſeul exercice. (Translation): Hot weather weakened

306-531: A Muay Thai match among Thai fighters was held at Asakusa town hall in Tokyo . Tatsuo Yamada , who established " Nihon Kempo Karate-do ", was interested in Muay Thai because he wanted to perform karate matches with full-contact rules since practitioners are not allowed to hit each other directly in karate matches. He had already announced his plan which was named "The draft principles of project of establishment of

408-508: A distinct martial art form in the early 20th century, when the term Muay Thai ('Siamese boxing' in English) was introduced in physical education curricular documents to distinguish it from international boxing ( muay sakon in Thai). The officially recognized history of Muay Thai was largely codified in the late 20th century, when the sport gained widespread popularity and became recognized as

510-646: A hermit named Sukatanata—instructor of King Ram Khamhaeng—at Samo Khon School in Lawapura after age 16. Thence, King Ngam Mueang became comrade with King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai since both had trained with the same instructor. The Samo Khon school was founded in 657 AD of the Haripuñjaya period by a hermit named Sukatanata ( Thai : พระฤๅษีสุกกะทันตะ ). The subjects he taught were called Maiya Shastra (ಮೈಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ), consisting of boxing (Muay), sword fighting, archery, elephant, and horse control. King Mangrai

612-610: A long time since enthroned, and he decided to join Muay boxing competitions tomorrow. On the next festival day, King Suriyenthrathibodi disguised himself as the general public with few royal polices and went to the festival by boat to join the Muay boxing competitions, and he won both the first and second matches during the competition, as the Royal Chronicle of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya reads: King Suriyenthrathibodi requested

714-547: A lot of cross-fertilization between these styles, with many practitioners training or competing under the rules of more than one style, the history of the individual styles cannot be seen in isolation from one another. The French term Boxe pieds-poings (literally "feet-fists-boxing") is also used in the sense of "kickboxing" in the general meaning, including French boxing ( Savate ) as well as American, Dutch and Japanese kickboxing, and Burmese and Thai boxing, any style of full contact karate , etc. Arts labelled as kickboxing in

816-496: A national sport and cultural heritage. The term Muay Boran was coined to describe the pre-modern historical martial art form of Muay Thai, and they came to symbolize a warrior spirit seen as a core component of Thainess . 1913: British boxing was introduced into the curriculum of the Suan Kulap College. The first descriptive use of the term "Muay Thai". 1919: British boxing and Muay Thai were taught as one sport in

918-478: A new martial art and its industrialization" in November 1959, and he proposed the tentative name of "karate-boxing" for this new art. It is still unknown whether Nak Muay was invited by Yamada, but it is clear that Yamada was the only karateka who was really interested in Muay Thai. Yamada invited a champion Nak Muay (and formerly his son Kan Yamada's sparring partner), and started studying Muay Thai. At this time,

1020-456: A new sport that combined karate and Muay Thai . This was further explored during the early 1960s, when competitions between karate and Muay Thai began, which allowed for rule modifications to take place. In the middle of the decade, the first events with the term kickboxing were held in Osaka . By the 1970s and 1980s, kickboxing expanded beyond Japan and had reached North America and Europe. It

1122-514: A persistent aspect of modern warfare. Hand-to-hand combat is the principal form of combat during skirmishes between Indian Army and Chinese People's Liberation Army soldiers along the disputed Himalayan border between India and the People's Republic of China. While Chinese and Indian soldiers carry firearms, due to decades of tradition designed to reduce the possibility of an escalation, agreements disallow usage of firearms along this border. In

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1224-470: A range just beyond grappling distance, is commonly termed close combat or close-quarters combat. It may include lethal and non-lethal weapons and methods depending upon the restrictions imposed by civilian law , military rules of engagement , or ethical codes . Close combat using firearms or other distance weapons by military combatants at the tactical level is referred to in contemporary parlance as close-quarters battle . The United States Army uses

1326-491: A royal order to arrange for a Siamese man named Nai Khanom Tom, a famous fighter from Ayutthaya, to confront a Burmese boxer in front of the throne. The first round, the latter collapsed by Nai Khanom Tom, and the other round he confronted nine and ten other Burmese boxers. King Hsinbyushin was applauding him and said that Siamese was in a dangerous situation, but he could confront opponents up to nine and ten while unarmed. Because of King of Ayutthaya's negligent behavior that caused

1428-478: A sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear. Notable fighters under semi-contact rules include Raymond Daniels , Michael Page , Stephen Thompson and Gregorio Di Leo . Rules: Dutch rules (sometimes referred to as Dutch Kickboxing ) came about when Japanese kickboxing and Muay Thai were first introduced in Holland in the 1970s. European rules began to be developed by

1530-617: A while became the fastest-growing amateur sport in Japan. Count Dante , Ray Scarica and Maung Gyi held the United States ' earliest cross-style full-contact style martial arts tournaments as early as 1962. Between 1970 and 1973 a handful of kickboxing promotions were staged across the US. The first recognized bout of this kind occurred on January 17, 1970, and came about when Joe Lewis, a Shorin Ryu stylist who had also studied Jeet Kune Do with

1632-407: Is a style of Kickboxing from Korea which was founded by Jung Mo-Do. It is a hybrid style which is composed by Taekwondo, Western Boxing and Muay Thai rules and techniques. Korean Kickboxing uses the basic kicking style of Taekwondo, but also adds typical Muay Thai techniques, as well as footwork and dodging tactics of Western Boxing. Rules: Full Contact (also referred to as American Kickboxing )

1734-702: Is drastically decreased. These changes were aimed at reducing injuries and making bouts more accessible to TV viewers. Oriental rules bouts were traditionally fought over 5, 3-minute rounds but 3 round bouts have since become popular. The male kickboxers are bare-chested wearing shorts (although trousers and karate gis have been worn) and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, shin-wraps, 10 oz (280 g) gloves. Notable fighters under K-1 rules include Semmy Schilt , Badr Hari , Ernesto Hoost , Albert Kraus , Masato , Peter Aerts , Remy Bonjasky , Giorgio Petrosyan , Buakaw and Andy Souwer . Rules: Gwon Gyokdo, also known as Kun Gek Do and Kyuk Too Ki

1836-401: Is essentially a mixture of Western boxing and traditional karate. The male kickboxers are bare-chested wearing kickboxing trousers and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g) boxing gloves, groin-guard, shin-pads, and kick-boots and protective helmet (for amateurs and those under 16). Female kickboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to

1938-532: Is known as the "Art of eight limbs", as it is characterised by the combined use of fists , elbows , knees and shins . Muay Thai became widespread internationally in the late 20th to 21st century, when Westernised practitioners from Thailand began competing in kickboxing and mixed-rules matches as well as matches under Muay Thai rules around the world. The professional league is governed by The Professional Boxing Association of Thailand (P.A.T.), sanctioned by The Sports Authority of Thailand (S.A.T.). Muay Thai

2040-807: Is no single international governing body, although some international governing bodies include the World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (also known as WAKO), World Kickboxing Association , the Professional Kickboxing Association (PKA), International Sport Karate Association , International Kickboxing Federation , and World Kickboxing Network, among others. Consequently, there is no single kickboxing world championship , and champion titles are issued by individual promotions , such as Glory , K-1 and ONE Championship among others. Bouts organized under different governing bodies apply different rules, such as allowing

2142-514: Is noteworthy that for Thailand, Thai boxing has its long history, and has been very popular and attractive to the Thai people. It seems that everybody supports Muay Thai and wants to see this sport progress further. Careful management based on technical approach, will certainly benefit this kind of sport. It is highly hoped that every individual person who is interested in this sport will take part in developing it to its higher efficiency so that it becomes

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2244-402: Is now performed primarily as an exhibition art form. Muay Thai was at the height of its popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. Top fighters commanded purses of up to 200,000 Baht and the stadia where gambling was legal drew big gates and big advertising revenues. In 2016, a payout to a superstar fighter was about 100,000 Baht per fight, but can range as high as 540,000 Baht for a bout. In 1993,

2346-481: Is related to other martial art styles such as Muay Chaiya , Muay Boran , Muay Lao , Lethwei , Benjang and Tomoi. A practitioner of Muay Thai is known as a Nak Muay . Western practitioners in Thailand are sometimes called Nak Muay Farang , meaning "foreign boxer". The term Muay Thai is a Thai word. The word Muay derived from Sanskrit word, mavyati ( Sanskrit : मव्यति ) meaning "to pull together",

2448-523: The Ramayana and Rig Veda , compiled in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. The Mahabharata describes two combatants boxing with clenched fists and fighting with kicks, finger strikes, knee strikes and headbutts. Mushti Yuddha has travelled along the Indosphere and has been a preceder and a strong influence in many famous martial arts of Southeast Asia such as Muay Thai and Muay Laos . In

2550-533: The 2020 China–India skirmishes , hand-to-hand combat involving stones, batons, iron rods, and other makeshift weapons resulted in the deaths of over 50 soldiers on both sides over six hours of fighting. Muay Thai Muay Thai ( Thai : มวยไทย , RTGS :  muai thai , pronounced [mūaj tʰāj] ), sometimes referred to as Thai boxing , is a Thai martial art and full-contact combat sport that uses stand-up striking, sweeps, and various clinching techniques. This discipline

2652-957: The Fall of Angkor in 1431. King Borommarachathirat II built an inscription of Khun Sri Chaiya Raj Mongkol Thep for the victory monument and Siamese warriors' commemoration, which inscribed a list of Siamese warriors and assault record in the inscription after the Angkor had already been captured, as well as written in A Lost Chronicle of Ayutthaya by Michael Vickery, stanzas 9–11. The inscription of Khun Sri Chaiya Raj Mongkol Thep (N.M. 78, Face 2) 1431 AD reads: King Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya commanded his warrior, Khun Sri Chaiya Raj Mongkol Thep, to march four military forces to assault Angkor Thom , Phimai , and Phanom Rung to become states under his endless mandate. The King then assigned Khun Sri Chaiya Raj Mongkol Thep, groups of Siamese boxers (Muay), and military forces with elephants and horse battalions to

2754-644: The Iraq and Afghanistan wars found that the majority of hand-to-hand combat involved grappling techniques instead of striking. Most combat sports involve hand-to-hand combat. A 2014 study found that, amongst US soldiers deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan between 2004 and 2008, 19% reported the use of hand-to-hand techniques in at least one encounter, in a variety of circumstances and contexts (such as close combat, prisoner handling, crowd control and security checkpoints), supporting prior research that indicated that, despite advances in technology, hand-to-hand combat remained

2856-679: The Pankration , a mixed martial art from ancient Greece , a form of kickboxing was used in its Anō Pankration modality, being able to use any extremity to hit. In addition, it is debated whether kicks were allowed in ancient Greek boxing , and while there is some evidence of kicks, this is the subject of debate among scholars. The French were the first to include boxing gloves into a sport that included kicking and boxing techniques. In 1743, modern boxing gloves were invented by Englishman Jack Broughton . Frenchman Charles Lecour added English boxing gloves to la boxe française . Charles Lecour

2958-610: The World Kickboxing Association (WKA) in 1976. They were the first organised body of martial arts on a global scale to sanction fights, create ranking systems, and institute a development programme. The International Kickboxing Federation (IKF) and the International Sport Kickboxing Association (ISKA) have been the only organizations to have thrived in the modern era. The International Kickboxing Federation (IKF)

3060-601: The Yonok Chronicles reads: King Ngam Mueang of Phayao Kingdom was the son of the ninth king of Phayao, King Ming Mueang , who was descended from King Chom Tham, son of King Khun Ngearn of Ngoenyang . He was trained in the Principles of Brahman's Sorcery at Thep Isitana School at Khao Doi Duan (located in Chiang Rai province , Thailand.) when he was 14. He continued training liberal and martial arts with

3162-614: The Zhou dynasty (1022 BCE to 256 BCE). Despite major technological changes such as the use of gunpowder, the machine gun in the Russo-Japanese War and the trench warfare of World War I , hand-to-hand fighting methods with the knife and bayonet remain common in modern military training, though the importance of formal training declined after 1918. By 1944 some German rifles were being produced without bayonet lugs. Close Quarters Combat (CQC), or World War II combatives ,

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3264-510: The k1/oriental rule set, which allows knee strikes, kicking and punching. Oriental rules (also known as K-1 rules or unified rules , and sometimes referred to as Japanese kickboxing ) was the first combat sport that adopted the name of "kickboxing" in 1966, later termed "Japanese kickboxing" as a retronym . Since the 1990s, many of the largest kickboxing promotions such as K-1 , ONE Championship , Glory and Bellator Kickboxing adopted this ruleset. Oriental rules began to be developed by

3366-512: The 12th century AD when the Normans invaded. Other historical forms of close combat include the gladiator spectacles of ancient Rome and medieval tournament events such as jousting or medieval martial arts . Military organizations have always taught some sort of unarmed combat for conditioning and as a supplement to armed combat. Soldiers in China were trained in unarmed combat as early as

3468-690: The 1970s and was brought to prominence in September 1974, when the Professional Karate Association ( PKA ) held the first World Championships. Historically, kickboxing can be considered a hybrid martial art formed from the combination of elements of various traditional styles. This approach became increasingly popular since the 1970s, and since the 1990s, kickboxing has contributed to the emergence of mixed martial arts via further hybridization with ground fighting techniques from Brazilian jiu-jitsu , and folk wrestling . There

3570-629: The 1970s by Georg F. Bruckner , who in 1976 was the co-founder of the World Association of Kickboxing Organizations . The term "kickboxing" as used in German-speaking Europe is therefore mostly synonymous with American kickboxing. The low-kick and knee techniques allowed in Japanese kickboxing, by contrast, were associated with Muay Thai, and Japanese kickboxing went mostly unnoticed in German-speaking Europe before

3672-448: The 1st Pro Team Karate Championships. Lewis faced Kenpo stylist Greg "Om" Baines, who had defeated two opponents in years pasts. Lewis won the fight by knockout in the second round. The event was advertised as "Full contact" but the announcers referred to it as Kickboxing, and rules included knees, elbows and sweeps. Lewis would defend his U.S. Heavyweight champion title 10 times, remaining undefeated until he came back from his retirement. In

3774-595: The 657 AD Haripuñjaya period of a hermit named Sukatanata who established his school of liberal and martial arts consisting of Muay Thai, which will be mentioned in order of history compiled officially by The Institute of the Art of Muay Thai, Department of Physical Education National Stadium of Thailand (DPE). From 738 AD in the Nanzhao period. Muay Thai had been trained from variant movements of dance; Fon Joeng ( Thai : ฟ้อนเจิง ) included weapons and bare hands, showing

3876-785: The AJKA bantamweight title, which he held for years. Raymond Edler, an American university student studying at Sophia University in Tokyo, took up kickboxing and won the AJKC middleweight title in 1972; he was the first non-Thai to be officially ranked in the sport of Thai boxing, when in 1972 Rajadamnern ranked him no. 3 in the Middleweight division. Edler defended the All Japan title several times and abandoned it. Other popular champions were Toshio Fujiwara and Mitsuo Shima . Most notably, Fujiwara

3978-714: The Dutch captain informed the Siamese Royal Court of the news about French battleships to siege Puducherry and Myeik seaports of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya in the reign of King Phetracha after the Siamese revolution of 1688 . Monsieur Braud’s letter to Directors of the International Affairs Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Jun 9, 1699) reads: This news caused vassals of the Siamese Royal Court to be suddenly shocked. King Phetracha then announced

4080-531: The Japanese boxing promoter Osamu Noguchi and Karate practitioner Tatsuo Yamada , and it was initially intended as a mix of Karate and Muay Thai, but it was later affected also by the Dutch rules , which were first formalised in the Netherlands in the 1970s. The primary difference between Muay Thai and Oriental Kickboxing was the prohibition of elbow strikes and throws. In addition, the amount of clinch fighting

4182-497: The King requested muay fighters from outlying provinces to fight matches at the funeral of his son Prince Urubongse Rajasombhoj , and granted the noble rank of Muen to the three best fighters, who were from Lopburi , Khorat and Chaiya . These would later become codified as regional styles of Muay Boran. Modern Muay Thai arose from the local form of bare-hand fighting historically known simply as muay , and became recognized as

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4284-399: The King's chosen champion, and the boxing ring was set up in front of the throne. When the fight began, Nai Khanom Tom charged out, using punches, kicks, elbows, and knees to pummel his opponent until he collapsed. The King supposedly asked if Nai Khanom Tom would fight nine other Burmese champions to prove himself. He agreed and fought one after the other with no rest periods. His last opponent

4386-516: The Netherland Kick Boxing Bond in the 1970s when the late Jan Plas brought the sport from Japan to his native country. The primary difference between Dutch rules and full Muay Thai rules was the prohibition of elbow strikes and the limited knees strikes (only to the body). However, elbows were allowed when both parties agree to it. These changes were aimed at reducing injuries and making bouts more accessible to TV viewers. Like

4488-683: The Netherlands, Mejiro Gym , Chakuriki Gym and Golden Glory , were all derived from or were significantly influenced by Japanese kickboxing and kyokushin karate. Dutch athletes have been very successful in the K-1 competitions. Out of the 19 K-1 World Grand Prix championship titles issued from 1993 to 2012, 15 went to Dutch participants ( Peter Aerts , Ernesto Hoost , Remy Bonjasky , Semmy Schilt and Alistair Overeem ). The remaining four titles were won by Branko Cikatić of Croatia in 1993, Andy Hug of Switzerland in 1996, Mark Hunt of New Zealand in 2001 and Mirko Filipović of Croatia in 2012. Some of

4590-562: The San Jose Sharks. Norris passed the WCL to his son-in-law Damien Diciolli in 2007, and it has since become inactive. Strikeforce MMA was sold to UFC in 2011. The ISKA expanded into sport (tournament) martial arts about 15 years ago, and is a co-operator along with WAKO and Global Marketing Ventures (GMV) in the global Open World Tour (OWT) the first worldwide pro circuit of sport karate professional competitors. It sanctions and assists in

4692-533: The Siamese army as a form of self-defense and to date back at least to the 13th century, according to King Ram Khamhaeng's war strategics manual. In Ayutthaya Kingdom, the war strategics manual was recomposed in 1518 by King Ramathibodi II called Tamra Phichaisongkram ( Thai : ตำราพิชัยสงคราม ). King Naresuan practiced martial arts and rearranged his soldiers for 15 years at peacetime. He had learned warrior fighting techniques from Burmese royal courts after he

4794-479: The Siamese people to be tired. Wrestling and fighting with fists or elbows (Muay Thai) were just their occupations. Thence, paddling courses were only their exercises. In 1698, according to the second French mission to Siam by King Louis XIV, who after appointed Guy Tachard to be in charge of the French ambassador to Siam. Muay Thai was being trained to prepare for an engagement with a French expeditionary force after

4896-600: The Thai counterpart, the fights are accompanied with the traditional Thai music during a battle. The Dutch kickboxing rules were instrumental to the development of the K-1 rules. Notable fighters under Dutch rules include Alistair Overeem , Bas Rutten , Melvin Manhoef , Gegard Mousasi , Remy Bonjasky and Peter Aerts . Rules: Hand-to-hand combat Hand-to-hand combat is a physical confrontation between two or more persons at short range ( grappling distance or within

4998-851: The Thai fighter was taken by Osamu Noguchi who was a promoter of boxing and was also interested in Muay Thai. The Thai fighter's photo was on the magazine "The Primer of Nihon Kempo Karate-do, the first number" which was published by Yamada. There were "Karate vs. Muay Thai fights" on February 12, 1963. The three karate fighters from Oyama dojo ( kyokushin later) went to the Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Thailand and fought against three Muay Thai fighters. The three kyokushin karate fighters' names are Tadashi Nakamura, Kenji Kurosaki and Akio Fujihira (also known as Noboru Osawa). The Muay Thai team were composed of only one Thai-born fighter. Japan won by 2–1: Tadashi Nakamura and Akio Fujihira both KOed opponents by punch while Kenji Kurosaki, who fought

5100-448: The Thai, was KOed by elbow. The only Japanese loser Kenji Kurosaki was then a kyokushin instructor rather than a contender and temporarily designated as a substitute for the absent chosen fighter. On June of the same year, karateka and future kickboxer Tadashi Sawamura faced against top Thai fighter Samarn Sor Adisorn, in which Sawamura was knocked down 16 times and defeated. Sawamura would use what he learned in that fight to incorporate in

5202-472: The aftermath of Ayutthaya Kingdom, the kingdom could stay if he's good. King Hsinbyushin then royally rewarded Nai Khanom Tom as should. To commemorate the story of Nai Khanom Tom, the Muay Thai Festival and Wai Khru Muay Thai Ceremony are staged annually every year on March 17. This historiography was largely extrapolated from brief mentions in written records, including four episodes in

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5304-563: The annual US Open & ISKA World Championships that anchors the OWT and the North American-based NASKA Tour. The US Open & ISKA World Championships is broadcast live on ESPN2 and ESPN3 each year. Other kickboxing sanctioning bodies include World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (primarily amateurs) and KICK International. In West Germany , American-styled kickboxing was promulgated from its inception in

5406-572: The art of men’s fighting, which is similar to Lei tai due to the war engagement with China for a long time. It is said to be the earliest stage of Thai people forming, and Muay Thai had been training for generations along the Fon Joeng dance. The Fon Joeng also became one of the recreational Thai classical dances in Northern Thailand , existing nowadays. In 947 AD, after the foundation of Singhanavati Kingdom by Thai people under

5508-458: The art of using such weapons. Muay Thai was also spreadably taught at temples, which were the Thai people’s learning centers for teaching following the guidelines of King Ram Khamhaeng's war strategy manual. In 1431 AD, King Borommarachathirat II , the King of Ayutthaya Kingdom , led Siamese forces and included groups of Siamese boxers to assault the Khmers plundering Angkor Thom, also known as

5610-491: The country’s outstanding sport. Thailand’s boxing has its several interesting points because it is our own Thai style of boxing, which is regarded as a high-efficiency fighting method, and it is interesting to foreigners, too. Thai boxing has had its close relationship with our national security and progress because Muay Thai is a way of self-defence. It is a sport originating from self-defence of those ancient Thai warriors. At present we need to protect ourselves by using fighting on

5712-491: The curriculum of the Suan Kulap College. Judo was also offered. 1921: First permanent ring in Siam at Suan Kulap College. Used for both muay and British boxing. 1923: Suan Sanuk Stadium. First international style three-rope ring with red and blue padded corners, near Lumpinee Park. Muay and British boxing. King Rama VII (r. 1925–1935) pushed for codified rules for Muay and they were put into place. Thailand's first boxing ring

5814-500: The early days, the rules were never clear; one of the first tournaments had no weight divisions, and all the competitors fought off until one was left. During this early time, kickboxing and full contact karate are essentially the same sport. The institutional separation of American full-contact karate from kickboxing occurred with the formation of the Professional Karate Association (PKA) in 1974 and of

5916-632: The effective use of more ad hoc weapons such as chairs or table legs. During the Second World War , Fairbairn was brought back to Britain, and, after demonstrating the effectiveness of his techniques, was recruited to train the British commandos in his combat method. During this period, he expanded his 'Shanghai Method' into the 'Silent Killing Close Quarters Combat method' for military application. This became standard combat training for all British Special Operations personnel. He also designed

6018-452: The evolving kickboxing tournaments. Noguchi studied Muay Thai and developed a combined martial art which Noguchi named kick boxing , which absorbed and adopted more rules than techniques from Muay Thai. The main techniques of kickboxing are still derived from a form of Japanese full contact karate where kicks to the legs are allowed, kyokushin . In early competitions, throwing and butting were allowed to distinguish it from Muay Thai. This

6120-664: The force recruitment to train fighting techniques such as wrestling, muay, krabi-krabong , and many others. These training courses carried a heavy burden on the veterans. In the 1702 reign of King Suriyenthrathibodi . The king questioned his vassals about the Siamese people festival held outside the boundary of Ayutthaya Royal Palace. The government official responded to the king that the temple fair will be held at Khwaeng Wiset Chai Chan (now Ang Thong province , Thailand). Tomorrow, there are Buddhist monastery celebrations, grand competitions, and amusements. King Suriyenthrathibodi then responded back that he hasn’t punched Muay boxing for

6222-589: The general sense include: Since kickboxing is a broad term, understanding the history can be somewhat difficult, since combat is an inherent part of being human. Kicking and punching as an act of human aggression have probably existed throughout the world since prehistory. The earliest known depiction of any type of boxing comes from a Sumerian relief in Iraq from the 3rd millennium BC. Forms of kickboxing existed in ancient India . The earliest references to musti-yuddha come from classical Vedic epics such as

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6324-468: The hierarchy. There were countless skilled Siamese boxers in The King's Unarmed Guard Division ( Thai : กรมนักมวย ), a sub-division of The King's Guard Department, picked from competition by the king to be his private guards and patrol the royal palace as major missions. The boxing competitions occur in peace situations as well as to safeguard the king at war. There was also the law mentioned of Muay in

6426-410: The invading Burmese troops rounded up thousands of Siamese citizens. They then organized a seven-day, seven-night religious festival in honor of Buddha 's relics. The festivities included many forms of entertainment, such as costume plays, comedies, and sword-fighting matches. King Hsinbyushin wanted to see how Thai fighters would compare to his fighters. Nai Khanom Tom was selected to fight against

6528-621: The launch of K-1 in 1993. By contrast, in the Netherlands kickboxing was introduced in its Japanese form, by Jan Plas and Thom Harinck who founded NKBB (The Dutch Kickboxing Association) in 1976. Harinck also founded the MTBN (Dutch Muay Thai Association) in 1983, and the WMTA (World Muay Thai Association) and the EMTA (European Muay Thai Association) in 1984. The most prominent kickboxing gyms in

6630-587: The leadership of Phu Chao Lavachakkaraj, who ruled the town of Fang ( Thai : เมืองฝาง ) (now Uttaradit province , Thailand) and was the primogenitor of the Mungrai Dynasty of Lan Na Kingdom. These forefathers conquested against Khom ethnic minorities in the Chao Phraya River basin and Thai people invaded down northwest and established Sukhothai Kingdom . The Sukhothai Kingdom was successfully founded in 1243 AD by King Si Inthrathit , who

6732-510: The legendary Bruce Lee , and noted champion in the Karate tournament circuit, grew disillusioned with the point-sparring format and sought to create an event that would allow martial artists to fight to the knock out. Enlisting the help of promoter Lee Faulkner, training in boxing and combining the techniques of boxing and Karate for the first time in America, Lewis arranged the bout to be held at

6834-434: The male clothing/protective gear. Notable fighters under full contact rules include, Dennis Alexio , Joe Lewis , Rick Roufus , Jean-Yves Thériault , Benny Urquidez , Bill Wallace , Demetrius Havanas , Billy Jackson, Akseli Saurama, Pete Cunningham , and Don "The Dragon" Wilson Rules: Semi Contact or Points Fighting , is the variant of American kickboxing most similar to karate, since it consists in fighting for

6936-421: The mid-1980s to early 1990s, before the first k-1, Kazuyoshi Ishii also partook in the formation of glove karate as an amateur sport in Japan. Glove karate is based on knockdown karate rules, but wearing boxing gloves and allowing punches to the head. In effect, it is oriental rules kickboxing with scoring based on knockdowns and aggression rather than the number of hits. As K-1 grew in popularity, Glove karate for

7038-763: The name of division to be in charge of Nak Muay." The term was adopted in the Law of the Military and Provincial Hierarchy 1998 BE since 1455 AD reign of King Borommatrailokkanat and repealed in 1851–68 AD reign of King Mongkut . On October 29, 1970. King Bhumibol Adulyadej gave his speech to the Muay Thai Fund Raising Organizing Committee in support of Thai boxers on behalf of the Anandamahidol Foundation states: Muay Thai has also made its great progress. It

7140-399: The one hand, and by developing our country on the other. Boxers are well aware that if they fight with their force only, they are quite certain to lose. They need support of a good technical and academic approach as well as a firm mind ready to move ahead and to avoid undesirable effects. Therefore, the existence of Muay Thai for self-defence… The earliest origin of Muay Thai dates back to

7242-571: The physical reach of a handheld weapon) that does not involve the use of ranged weapons . The phrase "hand-to-hand" sometimes include use of melee weapons such as knives , swords , clubs , spears , axes , or improvised weapons such as entrenching tools . While the term "hand-to-hand combat" originally referred principally to engagements by combatants on the battlefield , it can also refer to any personal physical engagement by two or more people, including law enforcement officers , civilians , and criminals . Combat within close quarters, to

7344-633: The pioneering Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife , which was adopted for use by British and American Special Forces . In 1942, he published a textbook for close quarters combat training called Get Tough . U.S. Army officers Rex Applegate and Anthony Biddle were taught Fairbairn's methods at a training facility in Scotland , and adopted the program for the training of OSS operatives at a newly opened camp near Lake Ontario in Canada . Applegate published his work in 1943, called Kill or Get Killed . During

7446-464: The pronunciation of the word Muay existed in Thai people since prior Nanzhao period (738–902 AD) said in The History of Muay Thai by The Institute of the Art of Muay Thai, Department of Physical Education National Stadium of Thailand (DPE). The historical term Tha Nai Lueak ( Thai : ทนายเลือก , Thai pronunciation: [tʰá naːj lɯ̂ːak] ), meaning "Nak Muay for the King's guard,

7548-455: The purpose of scoring points with an emphasis on delivery, speed, and technique. Under such rules, fights are held on the tatami , presenting the belts to classify the fighters in order of experience and ability. The male kickboxers wear shirts and kickboxing trousers as well as protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g). boxing gloves, groin-guard, shin-pads, kick-boots, and headgear. The female kickboxers will wear

7650-514: The reign of King Ekathotsarot (1590–1605), called Miscellaneous Laws (Phra Aiyakan Betset), which states: CLAUSE 117: ARTICLE I. Second-class people who fight by boxing (Muay) or wrestling, which then results in injuries or death, cannot be penalized... The well-known Siamese boxers during the Ayutthaya period include King Naresuan , King Suriyenthrathibodi , and Nai Khanom Tom . According to history, Muay Thai have been developed by

7752-506: The retreat procession to the Kingdom of Ayutthaya. From 1455 AD in the Ayutthaya period, Muay Thai was officially integrated with Siamese royal courts of Ayutthaya called The King's Guard Department ( Thai : กรมทนายเลือก ) since the reign of King Borommatrailokkanat enacted the Law of the Military and Provincial Hierarchy 1998 BE (1455 AD), which consisted of two director generals with noble titles, Khun Phakdeeasa ( Thai : ขุนภักดีอาสา ) and Khun Yothaphakdee ( Thai : ขุนโยธาภักดี ) in

7854-492: The royal chronicles of the 18th century: one where King Sanphet VIII fought an incognito match at a temple fair, Khwaeng Mueang Wiset Chai Chan in 1702; one where Nai Khanom Tom , as a war captive following the fall of Ayutthaya , fought in front of the Burmese king and defeated ten Burmese fighters; one of the military commander Phraya Phichai Dap Hak , who in his youth was a Muay Thai fighter; and one of Muen Phlan, who

7956-482: The second match; the boxing referee then rearranged another rival to compete with him. King Suriyenthrathibodi won again among loudly applauded by the general public and got an award for one baht fifty satang. Later, he got on his boat and enjoyed the result of the competition, then went back to Krung Sri Ayutthaya. In 1767, after the second fall of Ayutthaya Kingdom from the Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) ,

8058-492: The streets of Shanghai; Fairbairn himself used his combat system effectively in over 2,000 documented encounters, including over 600 lethal-force engagements. The aim of his combat system was simply to be as brutally effective as possible. It was also a system that, unlike traditional Eastern martial-arts that required years of intensive training, could be digested by recruits relatively quickly. The method incorporated training in point shooting and gun combat techniques, as well as

8160-433: The strikes more abrasive and damaging for the opponent while protecting the hands of the fighter. This rope-binding was still used in fights between Thais but after a death in the ring, it was decided that fighters should wear gloves and cotton coverlets over the feet and ankles. It was also around this time that the term "Muay Thai" became commonly used, while the older form of the style came to be known as "Muay Boran", which

8262-427: The term combatives to describe various military fighting systems used in hand-to-hand combat training, systems which may incorporate eclectic techniques from several different martial arts and combat sports . Hand-to-hand combat is the most ancient form of fighting known. A majority of cultures have their own particular histories related to close combat, and their own methods of practice. The pankration , which

8364-507: The top kickboxing promotions in the world are: Some of the notable kickboxing promoters in the world are: Kickboxing has a number of different rulesets. For example, Oriental/K-1 rules allow punches, high and low kicks and even knee strikes , while American kickboxing is limited to punches and kicks only above the belt (high kicks). In the first two decades of the 21st century, several larger kickboxing promotions such as Glory , One Championship and Bellator Kickboxing have adopted

8466-747: The town of Chiang Mai (1292–1311 AD). In 1238–68 AD during Sukhothai Kingdom, Muay Thai had been treated as high art, which was included in the curriculum for the royal family members to be trained as brave warriors with top physical fitness and kings of capable rule and war engagement with its neighboring kingdom. King Si Inthrathit sent his second son, aged 13, Prince Ram Khamhaeng , to learn Dharma , Liberal, and Martial arts at Samo Khon School, located at Khao Samo Khon in Lawapura town (now Lopburi province , Thailand). Prince Ram Khamhaeng eventually became comrade with Prince Ngam Mueang (later King of Phayao Kingdom since 1258 AD) during his education, as

8568-483: The use of knees or clinching etc. The term "kickboxing" ( キックボクシング , kikkubokushingu ) can be used in a narrow and in a broad sense. The term itself was introduced in the 1960s as a Japanese anglicism by Japanese boxing promoter Osamu Noguchi for a hybrid martial art combining Muay Thai and karate which he had introduced in 1958. The term was later also adopted by the American variant. Since there has been

8670-657: The war, training was provided to British Commandos , the Devil's Brigade , OSS , U.S. Army Rangers and Marine Raiders . Other combat systems designed for military combat were introduced elsewhere, including European Unifight , Soviet/Russian Sambo , Army hand-to-hand fight , Chinese military Sanshou / Sanda , Israeli Kapap and Krav Maga . The prevalence and style of hand-to-hand combat training often changes based on perceived need. Elite units such as special forces and commando units tend to place higher emphasis on hand-to-hand combat training. Although hand-to-hand fighting

8772-484: The word Thai comes from the word Tai , meaning "Tai-Kadai speakers". The term Muay Thai is successor of the term Ram Mut Ram Muay ( Thai : รำหมัดรำมวย ) since the reign of King Rama II (1809–24), and has thus entered into the global vocabulary. The oldest text of term Muay ever recorded, found in the palm-leaf manuscripts in Northern Thai language called Mungrai Law 1839 BE , enacted 1296 AD. And

8874-575: Was a great kickboxing teacher from Rakhine State whom Nai Khanom Tom defeated with kicks. King Hsinbyushin was so impressed that he allegedly remarked in The Royal Chronicle of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya reads: While King Hsinbyushin of Burma was residing at Yangon to raise an umbrella crown of the Shwedagon Pagoda for celebration, a Burmese nobleman informed him of a Siamese-skilled muay thai man. The King then stated

8976-536: Was a pioneer of modern savate or la boxe française. He created a form where both kicking and punching was used. Lecour was the first to view savate as a sport and self-defense system. The French colonists introduced European boxing gloves into the native Asian martial arts in French Indochina . The use of European boxing gloves spread to neighboring Siam . It was during the 1950s that a Japanese karateka named Tatsuo Yamada first established an outline of

9078-558: Was accorded less importance in major militaries after World War II , insurgency conflicts such as the Vietnam War , low intensity conflict and urban warfare have prompted many armies to pay more attention to this form of combat. When such fighting includes firearms designed for close-in fighting, it is often referred to as Close Quarters Battle (CQB) at the platoon or squad level, or Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) at higher tactical levels. A 2023 study using data from

9180-475: Was built in 1921 at Suan Kulap. Referees were introduced and rounds were now timed by kick. Fighters at the Lumpinee Boxing Stadium began wearing modern gloves, as well as hard groin protectors, during training and in boxing matches against foreigners. Traditional rope-binding ( Khat Chueak ) made the hands a hardened, dangerous striking tool. The use of knots in the rope over the knuckles made

9282-489: Was chosen by King Rama I to fight against two French challengers. The ascension of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) to the throne in 1868 ushered in a golden age not only for Muay but for the whole country of Thailand. Muay progressed greatly during the reign of Rama V as a direct result of the king's personal interest in the sport. The country was at peace and Muay functioned as a means of physical exercise, self-defense, attacking, recreation and personal advancement. In 1910,

9384-554: Was derived from a mixture of judo , jujutsu , boxing , savate , wrestling and street fighting . After the May Thirtieth Movement , Fairbairn was charged with developing an auxiliary squad for riot control . After absorbing the most appropriate elements from a variety of martial arts experts, from China , Japan and elsewhere, he condensed these arts into a practical combat system he called Defendu . He and his police team went on to field test these skills on

9486-411: Was descended from King Phrom of Singhanavati Dynasty (Lavachakkaraj), as mentioned in the folklore, Legend of Singhanavati . There was the first mention of Muay Thai from palm-leaf manuscripts in the Northern Thai language called Mungraiyashastra , also known as Mungrai Law 1839 BE, enacted in 1296 AD, the oldest text mentioned of Muay Thai ever recorded in the reign of King Mangrai , who established

9588-517: Was during this time that many of the most prominent governing bodies were formed. Since the 1990s kickboxing has been mostly dominated by the Japanese K-1 promotion, with some competition coming from other promotions and mostly pre-existing governing bodies. Along with the growing popularity in competition, there has been an increased amount of participation and exposure in the mass media , fitness , and self-defense . On December 20, 1959,

9690-670: Was founded in 1992 by Steve Fossum and Dan Stell. Stell eventually stepped down to go back to fighting while Fossum continued with the organization. In 1999 Fossum and Joe Taylor of Ringside Products created the first amateur open North American tournament for Kickboxing and Muay Thai, now the IKF World Classic. After ending its venture with K-1 in 2006, ISKA co-operated the World Combat League with Chuck Norris , and Strikeforce MMA in partnership with Silicon Valley Entertainment (SVE), an investor group who also own

9792-644: Was largely codified by William Ewart Fairbairn and Eric Anthony Sykes . Also known for their eponymous Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife , Fairbairn and Sykes had worked in the Shanghai Municipal Police of the International Settlement (1854–1943) of Shanghai in the 1920s, widely acknowledged as the most dangerous port city in the world due to a heavy opium trade run by organized crime (the Chinese Triads ). CQC

9894-501: Was later repealed. The Kickboxing Association , the first kickboxing sanctioning body, was founded by Osamu Noguchi in 1966 soon after that. Then the first kickboxing event was held in Osaka on April 11, 1966. Tatsu Yamada died in 1967, but his dojo changed its name to Suginami Gym , and kept sending kickboxers off to support kickboxing. Kickboxing boomed and became popular in Japan as it began to be broadcast on TV . By 1970, kickboxing

9996-665: Was practiced in Ancient Greece and Rome , is an example of a form which involved nearly all strikes and holds, with biting and gouging being the only exceptions (although allowed in Sparta ). Many modern varieties of martial arts and combat sports, such as some boxing styles, wrestling and MMA , were also practiced historically. For example, Celtic wrestling is mentioned in the Tailteann Games dating back from somewhere between 1839 BC to 632 BC (academics disagree) to

10098-481: Was raised on his age 9 by King Bayinnaung for 6 years in Burma after the invasion by Bayinnaung's army to Ayutthaya Kingdom in the Burmese–Siamese War (1563–1564) . King Naresuan also improved the war strategics manual version of King Ramathibodi II to the version of King Naresuan after he was backed to Ayutthaya Kingdom to be capable of self-defense in war engagements during his reign. In 1687, Simon de la Loubère ,

10200-626: Was telecast in Japan on three different channels three times weekly. The fight cards regularly included bouts between Japanese (kickboxers) and Thai (Muay Thai) boxers. Tadashi Sawamura was an especially popular early kickboxer. In 1971 the All Japan Kickboxing Association (AJKA) was established and it registered approximately 700 kickboxers. The first AJKA Commissioner was Shintaro Ishihara, the longtime Governor of Tokyo. Champions were in each weight division from fly to middle. Longtime Kyokushin practitioner Noboru Osawa won

10302-554: Was the first non-Thai to win an official Thai boxing title, when he defeated his Thai opponent in 1978 at Rajadamnern Stadium winning the lightweight championship bout. By 1980, due to poor ratings and then infrequent television coverage, the golden-age of kickboxing in Japan was suddenly finished. Kickboxing had not been seen on TV until K-1 was founded in 1993. In 1993, as Kazuyoshi Ishii (founder of Seidokaikan karate) produced K-1 under special kickboxing rules (no elbow and neck wrestling ) in 1993, kickboxing became famous again. In

10404-468: Was well-known alumnus of the school. The Hermitage of Sukatanata had been still existing nowadays and be able to visit at Wat Khao Samo Khon, Lopburi province , Thailand. During Sukhothai Kingdom in 1275 AD, King Ram Khamhaeng composed his war strategy manual, which also mentioned Muay Thai. Later, King Maha Thammaracha I was trained at young not only essential subjects but also real practice, which included Muay Thai for self-defense with bare hands and

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