In geography , a confluence (also: conflux ) occurs where two or more watercourses join to form a single channel . A confluence can occur in several configurations: at the point where a tributary joins a larger river ( main stem ); or where two streams meet to become the source of a river of a new name (such as the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, forming the Ohio River ); or where two separated channels of a river (forming a river island ) rejoin at the downstream end. The point of confluence where the channel flows into a larger body of water may be called the river mouth .
22-584: Kiewa Valley Highway is a rural highway which traverses the Kiewa Valley near the alpine regions of Victoria, Australia , connecting the eastern Wodonga suburb of Bandiana to Mount Beauty , at the foot of Mount Bogong in the Alpine National Park . Kiewa Valley Highway commences at the intersection with Murray Valley Highway in Bandiana and heads in a south-easterly direction as
44-739: A perennial river that is part of the Murray catchment within the Murray-Darling basin , is located in the Alpine bioregion , in the Australian state of Victoria . The Kiewa River is also known by several variations on its name in its upper reaches, variously named as Kiewa River East branch and West Kiewa River (or similar). The name Kiewa is an Aboriginal word, derived from cy-a-nun-a , meaning sweet, and wher-ra , meaning water. The river rises near Clover Power Station , on
66-602: A tripoint . Various examples are found in the list below. A number of major cities, such as Chongqing , St. Louis , and Khartoum , arose at confluences; further examples appear in the list. Within a city, a confluence often forms a visually prominent point, so that confluences are sometimes chosen as the site of prominent public buildings or monuments, as in Koblenz , Lyon , and Winnipeg . Cities also often build parks at confluences, sometimes as projects of municipal improvement, as at Portland and Pittsburgh . In other cases,
88-414: A confluence can be divided into six distinct features which are commonly called confluence flow zones (CFZ). These include The broader field of engineering encompasses a vast assortment of subjects which concern confluences. In hydraulic civil engineering , where two or more underground culverted / artificially buried watercourses intersect, great attention should be paid to the hydrodynamic aspects of
110-630: A confluence is an industrial site, as in Philadelphia or Mannheim . Often a confluence lies in the shared floodplain of the two rivers and nothing is built on it, for example at Manaus , described below. One other way that confluences may be exploited by humans is as sacred places in religions . Rogers suggests that for the ancient peoples of the Iron Age in northwest Europe, watery locations were often sacred, especially sources and confluences. Pre-Christian Slavic peoples chose confluences as
132-482: A corresponding shift in habitat characteristics." Another science relevant to the study of confluences is chemistry , because sometimes the mixing of the waters of two streams triggers a chemical reaction, particularly in a polluted stream. The United States Geological Survey gives an example: "chemical changes occur when a stream contaminated with acid mine drainage combines with a stream with near-neutral pH water; these reactions happen very rapidly and influence
154-703: A two-lane, single carriageway rural highway, mostly following the course of Kiewa River through Kiewa until it reaches Dederang , where it starts to wind through the valleys of the Victorian Alps , eventually terminating at the intersection with Bogong High Plains Road in Mount Beauty . From Mount Beauty, Bogong High Plains Road takes a winding and twisty route via the Falls Creek alpine resort to meet Omeo Highway at Glen Valley. Within Victoria,
176-593: Is in spring during the snow melt. The upper reaches of the Kiewa River and the Bogong High Plains are a very popular area for cross-country skiing through winter and through to the early spring months. This article related to a river in Victoria (state) is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Confluence Confluences are studied in a variety of sciences. Hydrology studies
198-632: Is located adjacent to much of the course of the river. Tawonga Huts, a series of huts and ruins, are located on the lower reaches of the West Kiewa River, within Alpine National Park and are accessible by experienced hikers . The Kiewa is a popular fly fishing stream for local anglers as it holds good populations of wild brown and rainbow trout . The East and West branches of the Kiewa provide important white water paddling opportunities for Victorian kayakers. The most reliable time to paddle
220-774: Is used to describe the meeting of tidal or other non-riverine bodies of water, such as two canals or a canal and a lake. A one-mile (1.6 km) portion of the Industrial Canal in New Orleans accommodates the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal ; therefore those three waterways are confluent there. The term confluence can also apply to the process of merging or flowing together of other substance. For example, it may refer to
242-798: The Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme , which traps waters flowing from the Bogong High Plains . The McKay Creek and West Kiewa power stations are the major generating elements of the Scheme, which provides peak load to the Victorian electricity grid. Within the Kiewa Valley are the towns of Mount Beauty , Tawonga , Tangambalanga /Kiewa Township, and Yackandandah . The river is crossed by the Murray Valley Highway at Killara, near its mouth. The Kiewa Valley Highway
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#1732797944923264-577: The 1950s the road was sealed and realigned to Mount Beauty to permit the transport of materials for the construction of the Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme . The passing of the Highways and Vehicles Act of 1924 provided for the declaration of State Highways, roads two-thirds financed by the State government through the Country Roads Board. Kiewa Valley Highway was declared a State Highway in
286-474: The 1959/60 financial year, from Bandiana via Kiewa and Dederang to Mount Beauty (for a total of 49 miles), subsuming the original declaration of Dederang Road between Dederang and Mount Beauty as a Main Road; before this declaration, this road was also referred to as Kiewa Valley Road . Kiewa Valley Highway was signed as State Route 191 between Bandiana and Mount Beauty in 1986; with Victoria's conversion to
308-478: The West Kiewa River descends 850 metres (2,790 ft) over its 29 kilometres (18 mi) course, in near-pristine ash and peppermint forest country where the flow is swift, upstream of the town of Mount Beauty. Snowfall is common in the upper reaches of the river during winter, with up to 230 centimetres (90 in) precipitation , mainly as snow. The river is impounded by Lake Guy at 658 metres (2,159 ft) above sea level and other dams associated with
330-400: The characteristic flow patterns of confluences and how they give rise to patterns of erosion, bars, and scour pools. The water flows and their consequences are often studied with mathematical models . Confluences are relevant to the distribution of living organisms (i.e., ecology ) as well; "the general pattern [downstream of confluences] of increasing stream flow and decreasing slopes drives
352-587: The form of structural bracing. The velocities and hydraulic efficiencies should be meticulously calculated and can be altered by integrating different combinations of geometries, components such a gradients, cascades and an adequate junction angle which is sympathetic to the direction of the watercourse’s flow to minimise turbulent flow, maximise evacuation velocity and to ultimately maximise hydraulic efficiency. Since rivers often serve as political boundaries, confluences sometimes demarcate three abutting political entities, such as nations, states, or provinces, forming
374-563: The newer alphanumeric system in the late 1990s, this was replaced by route C531. The passing of the Road Management Act 2004 through the Parliament of Victoria granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to VicRoads : VicRoads re-declared the road in 2004 as Kiewa Valley Highway (Arterial #6790), from Bandiana to Mount Beauty . Kiewa River Kiewa River ,
396-671: The passing of the Country Roads Act of 1912 through the Parliament of Victoria provided for the establishment of the Country Roads Board (later VicRoads ) and their ability to declare Main Roads, taking responsibility for the management, construction and care of the state's major roads from local municipalities. Dederang Road was declared a Main Road from Dederang to Mount Beauty (and continuing northwards from Dederang to Yackandandah ) on 30 November 1914. In
418-453: The sites for fortified triangular temples, where they practiced human sacrifice and other sacred rites. In Hinduism , the confluence of two sacred rivers often is a pilgrimage site for ritual bathing. In Pittsburgh, a number of adherents to Mayanism consider their city's confluence to be sacred. Mississippi basin Atlantic watersheds Pacific watersheds Occasionally, "confluence"
440-668: The slopes of Mount Bogong , the highest mountain in Victoria at 1,986 metres (6,516 ft). The main river is formed by the confluence of the Kiewa River East branch and West Kiewa River. The Kiewa River flows generally north northwest, joined by eleven minor tributaries, towards its confluence with the Murray River , southeast of Albury and east of Wodonga . The main river descends 525 metres (1,722 ft) over its 109 kilometres (68 mi) course , sedately through cleared farming country downstream of Mount Beauty ;
462-613: The subsequent transport of metals downstream of the mixing zone." A natural phenomenon at confluences that is obvious even to casual observers is a difference in color between the two streams; see images in this article for several examples. According to Lynch, "the color of each river is determined by many things: type and amount of vegetation in the watershed, geological properties, dissolved chemicals, sediments and biologic content – usually algae ." Lynch also notes that color differences can persist for miles downstream before they finally blend completely. Hydrodynamic behaviour of flow in
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#1732797944923484-401: The system to ensure the longevity and efficiency of the structure. Engineers have to design these systems whilst considering a list of factors that ensure the discharge point is structurally stable as the entrance of the lateral culvert into the main structure may compromise the stability of the structure due to the lack of support at the discharge, this often constitutes additional supports in
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