Features
36-766: King Fahd Mosque or King Fahad Mosque may refer to: King Fahd Mosque (Edinburgh) or Edinburgh Central Mosque, Scotland King Fahd Mosque (Sarajevo) , Bosnia and Herzegovina King Fahad Mosque (Culver City, California) , U.S. King Fahd Islamic Cultural Center , Buenos Aires, Argentina Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque , also known as the King Fahd bin Abdulaziz al-Saud Mosque, Gibraltar See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing King Fahd Mosque All pages with titles containing King Fahad Mosque King Fahd (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
72-422: A continuous rectangle . The letters including their respective dots must only leave 1 pixel apart from each other. Linear is preferred to write long scriptures such as Quranic verses along the interior perimeter or broken into lines elegantly against mosque walls. While the name suggests a radial or circular form, they are usually presented in a square or rectangular shape. The 1 pixel space applies between
108-551: A cost of £3.5M. The main hall can hold over one thousand worshippers, with women praying on a balcony overlooking the hall. The mosque holds chandeliers and a vast carpet, with very little furniture. The architecture combines traditional Islamic features with some Scots baronial style . Regarding the design, Geza Fehervari, Professor of Islamic Art & Archaeology at London University, has said "The architectural elements and decorative details, while basically relying on Islamic, mainly Turkish traditions, successfully interact with
144-519: A disciplined approach of creating Square Kufic calligraphy. This controlled method of creation preserved basic and accurate features of Arabic letters with few compromises, if any. A finished work can then be qualitatively judged rather than only appreciated as an abstract piece. While there are no restrictions to formats that Square Kufic should be written in, Square Kufic can be categorized into three most commonly used configurations. The normal writing format using pixelated Arabic font. The overall shape
180-493: A horizontal emphasis. Until about the 11th century it was the main script used to copy the Quran. Professional copyists employed a particular form of Kufic for reproducing the earliest surviving copies of the Quran, which were written on parchment and date from the 8th to 10th centuries. It is distinguished from Thuluth script in its use of decorative elements whereas the latter was designed to avoid decorative motifs. In place of
216-474: A non-Arabic context in Europe, as decoration on architecture, known as pseudo-Kufic . Calligraphers in the early Islamic period used a variety of methods to transcribe Quran manuscripts. Arabic calligraphy became one of the most important branches of Islamic Art. Calligraphers came out with the new style of writing called Kufic. Kufic is the oldest calligraphic form of the various Arabic scripts . The name of
252-473: A ramp for the disabled. There are separate ablution ( wudu ) rooms for both male and female. The males' contains 21 ablution washers, nine flush toilets, four Squat toilets and six sinks. As of 2010, the mosque has received additional funding and the decision has been made to upgrade the ablution facilities to accommodate more people; there will also be a separate room for the Islamic funeral process of bathing
288-559: A stable number of lines per page, and these were strictly parallel and equidistant. One impressive example of an early Quran manuscript, known as the Blue Quran , features gold Kufic script on parchment dyed with indigo. It is commonly attributed to the early Fatimid or Abbasid court. The main text of this Quran is written in gold ink, thus the effect on looking at the manuscript is of gold on blue. According to Marcus Fraser, "the political and artistic sophistication and financial expense of
324-717: A very simplified rectangular style widely used for tiling. In Iran sometimes entire buildings are covered with tiles spelling sacred names like those of God, Muhammad and Ali in square Kufic, a technique known as banna'i . Moreover, there is " Pseudo-Kufic ", also "Kufesque", which refers to imitations of the Kufic script, made in a non-Arabic context, during the Middle Ages or the Renaissance : "Imitations of Arabic in European art are often described as pseudo-Kufic, borrowing
360-632: Is a style of Arabic script , that gained prominence early on as a preferred script for Quran transcription and architectural decoration, and it has since become a reference and an archetype for a number of other Arabic scripts. It developed from the Arabic alphabet in the city of Kufa , from which its name is derived. Kufic is characterized by angular, rectilinear letterforms and its horizontal orientation. There are many different versions of Kufic, such as square Kufic , floriated Kufic, knotted Kufic, and others. The artistic styling of Kufic led to its use in
396-518: Is composed of geometrical forms like straight lines and angles along with verticals and horizontals. Originally, Kufic did not have what is known as a differentiated consonant, which means, for example, that the letters "t", "b", and "th" were not distinguished by diacritical marks and looked the same. However, it is still used in Islamic countries. In later Kufic Qurans of the ninth and early tenth century, "the sura headings were more often designed with
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#1732802400024432-657: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages King Fahd Mosque (Edinburgh) Edinburgh Central Mosque (officially known as the King Fahd Mosque and Islamic Centre of Edinburgh ) is located on Potterrow near the University of Edinburgh central area and the National Museum of Scotland . The mosque and Islamic centre was designed by Dr. Basil Al Bayati , and took more than six years to complete at
468-533: Is not a priority of this script. The Syrian calligrapher Mamoun Sakkal described its development as an "exceptional step towards simplification in Kufic styles that evolved towards more complexity in the preceding centuries". In recent years, this calligraphy form has been receiving more popularity for use in ornaments (such as in decorated clocks, frames, stickers), logos (that usually implies Islamic enterprises in government and private sectors), and even in freestyle Arabic calligraphy competitions. There has been
504-419: Is not limited by any shape or boundary. Although this configuration is straight forward, it is not used for most Square Kufic-related work, due to its less aesthetic appearance relative to the other configurations. Free flow is mainly used as baseline before developed into more sophisticated configurations. Just like free flow, the writing goes from right to left but within a justified height that conforms into
540-557: Is opened to the public and hosts educational talks and guided tours. Usually special events are held on Saturdays, such as classes on Arabic calligraphy and presentations of Arabic art. There are also lectures from various speakers, some of whom, such as Farkhanda Chaudhry, come back each year. For example, in 2007 Chaudhry gave a talk on "Women and Islam" and in 2009 he spoke on "Women, Islam and Liberation". Similarly, Idris Tawfiq has presented "Who's afraid of Sharia law?" and "The Muslim Jesus" several times. Well-known people have visited
576-657: The Republican period in Turkey . Also, the current flag of Iraq (2008) also includes a kufic rendition of the takbir . Similarly, the flag of Iran (1980) has the takbir written in white square kufic script a total of 22 times on the fringe of both the green and red bands. Kufic inscriptions were important in the emergence of textiles too, often functioning as decoration in the form of tiraz bands. According to Maryam Ekhtiar, " tiraz inscriptions were written in Kufic or floriated Kufic script, and later, in naskhi or throughout
612-620: The Mosque Kitchen left amidst a dispute with the mosque and moved to a more conventional restaurant on Nicolson Square (still called the Mosque Kitchen ); the kitchen at the mosque is now run under separate management and operates as 'The Original Mosque Kitchen and Café'. The Islam Festival Edinburgh (IFE, and also known as the Discover Islam Exhibition) is part of the Edinburgh Festival . The mosque
648-688: The architectural and decorative age-old customs of Scotland." Prior to its construction, there was no mosque large enough to fulfill the needs of the Muslims in the city centre of Edinburgh. As the Muslim population increased a large mosque became viable. Eventually, the project was able to purchase land from the City Council with the proviso that an existing listed building be preserved and used. The project ran into funding difficulties; but these were solved when King Fahd of Saudi Arabia donated 90% of
684-483: The dead body and enshrouding. A second hall is located downstairs; it is much smaller than the main prayer hall. The room is sometimes opened for Friday prayers and Salat al Eid . The room is mainly used for storage but opens every year for the Islam Festival Edinburgh. There is a medium-sized library that holds a large variety of Islamic books for selling and lending. The library is opened from
720-511: The decorations in Kufic scripts, Thuluth used vowels. The main characteristic of the Kufic script "appears to be the transformation of the ancient cuneiform script into the Arabic letters", according to Enis Timuçin Tan. Moreover, it was characterized by figural letters that were shaped in a way to be nicely written on parchment, building and decorative objects like lusterware and coins. Kufic script
756-518: The development of Islamic calligraphy. In fact, "it is the first style of Islamic period writings in which the manifestation of art, delicacy and beauty are explicitly evident", says Salwa Ibraheem Tawfeeq Al-Amin. The rule set for this writing was about the angular, linear shapes of the characters. In fact, "the rules that were defined at the outset of the Kufic tradition essentially remained the same throughout its lifespan", says Alain George. The Quran
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#1732802400024792-416: The development of the Kufic script. In fact, "the letter strokes on coins, had become perfectly straight, with curves tending toward geometrical circularity by 86", observes Alain George. As an example, Kufic is commonly seen on Seljuk coins and monuments and on early Ottoman coins. Its decorative character led to its use as a decorative element in several public and domestic buildings constructed prior to
828-718: The exhibition, including the First Minister 's advisors, and MPs including Sir Menzies Campbell . The mosque is most notably recognized for their collaborations with the Minority Ethnic Health Inclusion Project (MEHIP) who wanted to start a health education program. The health fair was organized by multiple organizations and hosted at the Edinburgh Central Mosque in November 2002 (during Ramadan). This pilot fair
864-411: The five daily prayers ( salat ) are held. There are two chandeliers, a vast carpet, and chairs for the elderly and disabled. Many short lectures and small discussion groups are held here, although such groups must give notice. The mosque also offers funeral services and the prayer Salat al-Janazah . There are two side entrances to the hall and a small glass room which also has a separate entrance/exit with
900-502: The islamic world" . Those inscriptions include the name of God or the ruler. As an example, the inscription inside the Dome of the Rock is written in Kufic. Throughout the text, we can notice the calligraphic line created by the reed pen which is usually a steady stroke with various thicknesses based on the changes in direction of the movement that has created it. Square or geometric Kufic is
936-449: The letters here as well. The major differences between a linear and a spiral Square Kufic calligraphy are This configuration is used as a design centerpiece in buildings for shorter scriptures, name design commissions, and logos. Square Kufic calligraphy is by no means limited to the above configurations. There are many forms that are creative iterations or independent from these formats. Google Fonts: Windows: iOS: Sample text from
972-610: The morning to evening. It also holds many services such as classes in Arabic and the Qur'an as well as group discussions such as the "Brother circle", since there are two medium-sized tables and chairs. The Mosque Kitchen (formerly called the Lunch Box) was opened to the public in 2004. It offers takeaway, outdoor tables and catering. The capacity is roughly 80–100. The menu consists of halal South Asian and Middle Eastern food, including various meat and vegetable curries, with rice or naan on
1008-471: The production of the Blue Quran could only have been contemplated and achieved by a ruler of considerable power and wealth". Ornamental Kufic became an important element in Islamic art as early as the eighth century for Quranic headings, numismatic inscriptions and major commemorative writings. The Kufic script is inscribed on textiles, coins, lusterware, building and so on. Coins were very important in
1044-526: The project's total cost. On 31 July 1998 (8 Rabi' al-thani 1419) the mosque was opened by his son Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Fahd, who was also the project patron. The mosque is built from stone and has calligraphy instilled in the design, facing the courtyard. The calligraphy found on the mosque is square kufic , highlighting God's name in Arabic as Allah . The main hall is where the Friday prayer ( Jumu'ah ) and
1080-428: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title King Fahd Mosque . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_Fahd_Mosque&oldid=895441621 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1116-439: The script derives from Kufa , a city in southern Iraq which was considered as an intellectual center within the early Islamic period. Kufic is defined as a highly angular form of the Arabic alphabet originally used in early copies of the Quran. Sheila S. Blair suggests that "the name Kufic was introduced to Western scholarship by Jacob George Christian Adler (1756–1834)". Furthermore, the Kufic script plays an important role in
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1152-424: The side. Barbecued chicken, shish kebabs and corn on the cob are also available on some days as well as barbecues on Saturdays. The sitting area is specially opened at Iftar time during ramadan for the Muslims opening their fast. In August 2007, The Scotsman newspaper placed the Edinburgh Central Mosque's adjoining restaurant top of their list of Best Festival Food. In Summer 2011, the team who originally ran
1188-514: The sura title as the main feature, often written in gold, with a palmette extending into the margin", comments Marcus Fraser. Its use in transcribing manuscripts has been important in the development of Kufic Script. Earlier kufic was written on manuscripts with precision which contributed to its development. For instance, "the precision achieved in practice is all more remarkable because Kufic manuscripts were not ruled", says Alain George. Moreover, he explains that Kufic manuscripts were laid out with
1224-562: The term for an Arabic script that emphasizes straight and angular strokes, and is most commonly used in Islamic architectural decoration". Square Kufic ( Arabic : ٱلْكُوفِيّ ٱلمُرَبَّع ), also sometimes known as banna'i ( بَنَائِيّ , "masonry" script), is a bare Arabic writing form that developed in the 12th century. Invented in Iraq, it was prominently used in Iranian architecture with bricks and tiles functioning as pixels . Legibility
1260-409: Was first written in a plain, slanted, and uniform script but, when its content was formalized, a script that denoted authority emerged. This coalesced into what is now known as Primary Kufic script. Kufic was prevalent in manuscripts from the 7th to 10th centuries. Around the 8th century, it was the most important of several variants of Arabic scripts with its austere and fairly low vertical profile and
1296-506: Was the first of its kind and created trust between the ethnic community and health officials. Square Kufic Types Types Features Clothing Genres Art music Folk Prose Islamic Poetry Genres Forms Arabic prosody National literatures of Arab States Concepts Texts Fictional Arab people South Arabian deities The Kufic script ( Arabic : الخط الكوفي , romanized : al-khaṭṭ al-kūfī )
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