105-459: Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon . Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books , newspapers, magazines, Audible audiobooks, and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store . The hardware platform, which Amazon subsidiary Lab126 developed, began as a single device in 2007. Currently, it comprises
210-567: A cloud reader to allow users to read e-books using modern web browsers. 3G: November 5, 2013 or 4/3 GB LED frontlit (17 LEDs) 1 GHz 16 GB LED frontlit 2 GHz $ 339.99 64 GB with Premium Pen: $ 419.99 32 GB or 64 GB LED frontlit 4.3 in (108.6 mm) W 0.32 in (8.0 mm) D LED frontlit 5 in (127.6 mm) W 0.3 in (7.8 mm) D Signature Edition 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit 2 GHz 7.7 in (196 mm) W 0.22 in (5.7 mm) D Premium Pen: .60 oz (17g) Kindle devices support dictionary and Misplaced Pages look-up functions when highlighting
315-527: A cross-platform C++ platform abstraction, and various ports provide more APIs. WebKit passes the Acid2 and Acid3 tests, with pixel-perfect rendering and no timing or smoothness issues on reference hardware. JavaScriptCore is a framework that provides a JavaScript engine for WebKit implementations, and provides this type of scripting in other contexts within macOS. JavaScriptCore is originally derived from KDE 's JavaScript engine ( KJS ) library (which
420-732: A self-driving car division; Kuiper Systems , a satellite Internet provider; and Amazon Lab126 , a computer hardware R&D provider. Other subsidiaries include Ring , Twitch , IMDb , and Whole Foods Market . Its acquisition of Whole Foods in August 2017 for US$ 13.4 billion substantially increased its market share and presence as a physical retailer . Amazon also distributes a variety of downloadable and streaming content through its Amazon Prime Video , MGM+ , Amazon Music , Twitch, Audible and Wondery units. It publishes books through its publishing arm, Amazon Publishing , film and television content through Amazon MGM Studios , including
525-554: A toxic work culture , censorship , tax avoidance , and anti-competitive practices . Amazon was founded on July 5, 1994, by Jeff Bezos after he relocated from New York City to Bellevue, Washington , near Seattle , to operate an online bookstore. Bezos chose the Seattle area for its abundance of technical talent from Microsoft and the University of Washington , as well as its smaller population for sales tax purposes and
630-604: A web browser that uses NetFront based on WebKit . The browser can freely access the Kindle Store and Misplaced Pages on 3G models while the browser may be limited to 50 MB of data per month to websites other than Amazon and Misplaced Pages, Other possible experimental features, depending on the model are a Text-to-Speech engine that can read the text from e-books and an MP3 player that can be used to play music while reading. The Kindle's operating system updates are designed to be received wirelessly and installed automatically during
735-492: A 10-year agreement with Amazon, valued at $ 50 million per year plus a cut of sales, under which Toys "R" Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service, and the chain's website would redirect to Amazon's Toys & Games category. In 2004, Toys "R" Us sued Amazon, claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys "R" Us stock, Amazon had knowingly allowed third-party sellers to offer items on
840-556: A USB connection to a computer. If the book is later checked out again or purchased, annotations and bookmarks are preserved. Amazon released the Kindle for PC application in late 2009, available for Microsoft Windows systems . This application allows ebooks from Amazon's store or personal ebooks to be read on a personal computer, with no Kindle device required. Amazon released a Kindle for Mac app for Apple Macintosh & OS X systems in early 2010. In June 2010, Amazon released
945-452: A book is open on the display, menu options allow users to search for synonyms and definitions from the built-in dictionary. The device also remembers the last page read for each book. Pages can be saved as a "clipping", or a text file containing the text of the currently displayed page. All clippings are appended to a single file, which can be downloaded over a USB cable. Due to the TXT format of
1050-494: A co-branded service. Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007, with plans to also launch its own online store. On October 18, 2011, Amazon.com announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including Superman , Batman , Green Lantern , The Sandman , and Watchmen . The partnership has caused well-known bookstores like Barnes & Noble to remove these titles from their shelves. In November 2013, Amazon announced
1155-570: A component of WebKit, to be used in future versions of Google Chrome and the Opera web browser , under the name Blink . Its JavaScript engine, JavascriptCore, also powers the Bun server-side JS runtime, as opposed to V8 used by Node.js , Deno , and Blink . WebKit's C++ application programming interface (API) provides a set of classes to display Web content in windows , and implements browser features such as following links when clicked by
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#17327755959111260-454: A first Kindle device can be imported to a second Kindle device that is connected to the cloud and is registered to the same user; as the result of this operation, the documents that are on the second device now become organized according to the first device's collections. There is no option to organize by series or series order, as the AZW format does not possess the necessary metadata fields. X-Ray
1365-505: A fixed price. Publishers can sign up as affiliates and receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs. In the middle of 2014, the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1.2% of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after Google Ads . It
1470-415: A fork of WebKit's WebCore component, to be named Blink . Chrome's developers decided on the fork to allow greater freedom in implementing WebCore's features in the browser without causing conflicts upstream, and to allow simplifying its codebase by removing code for WebCore components unused by Chrome. In relation to Opera Software 's announcement earlier in the year that it would switch to WebKit by means of
1575-590: A global chat on the livestream. In 2019 Amazon launched an integrated platform into the Amazon website and application . In 2023 roughly a billion total viewers watch Amazon Live across the United States and India. The platform has also been integrated into Amazon Freevee and Amazon Prime Video . Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on
1680-564: A guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers—we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources In November 2015, Amazon opened a physical Amazon Books store in University Village in Seattle . The store was 5,500 square feet and prices for all products matched those on its website. Amazon opened its tenth physical book store in 2017; media speculation at
1785-466: A metered pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computing web services provide distributed computing processing capacity and software tools via AWS server farms . As of 2021 Q4, AWS has 33% market share for cloud infrastructure while the next two competitors Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud have 21%, and 10% respectively, according to Synergy Group. Audible is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment, information, and educational programming on
1890-650: A monthly fee. Content for the Kindle can be purchased online and downloaded wirelessly in some countries, using either standard Wi-Fi or Amazon's 3G Whispernet network. Whispernet is accessible without any monthly fees or a subscription, although fees can be incurred for the delivery of periodicals and other content when roaming internationally beyond the customer's home country. Through a service called Whispersync, customers can synchronize reading progress, bookmarks, and other information across Kindle hardware and other mobile devices. The Kindles that only can access Whispernet via
1995-434: A multiprocess system. Chrome for iOS continues to use WebKit because Apple requires that web browsers on that platform must do so. Other applications on macOS and iOS make use of WebKit, such as Apple's e-mail client Mail , App Store, and the 2008 version of Microsoft's Entourage personal information manager , both of which make use of WebKit to render HTML content. New web browsers have been built around WebKit such as
2100-869: A notification if it detects something unusual. In January 2023, Amazon announced the launch of RXPass, a prescription drug delivery service. It allows U.S. Amazon Prime members to pay a $ 5 monthly fee for access to 60 medications. The service was launched immediately after the announcement except in states with specific prescription delivery requirements. Beneficiaries of government healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid will not be able to sign up for RXPass. Amazon owns over 100 subsidiaries, including Amazon Web Services , Audible , Diapers.com, Goodreads , IMDb , Kiva Systems (now Amazon Robotics ), One Medical , Shopbop , Teachstreet, Twitch , Zappos , and Zoox . Bezos separately owns The Washington Post (through Nash Holdings, LLC), Blue Origin , Bezos Expeditions , Altos Labs , and other companies. Amazon Live
2205-617: A partnership with the United States Postal Service to begin delivering orders on Sundays. The service, included in Amazon's standard shipping rates, initiated in metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and New York because of the high-volume and inability to deliver in a timely way, with plans to expand into Dallas , Houston , New Orleans and Phoenix by 2014. In June 2017, Nike agreed to sell products through Amazon in exchange for better policing of counterfeit goods. This proved unsuccessful and Nike withdrew from
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#17327755959112310-487: A period in sleep mode in which Wi-Fi is turned on. A user may install firmware updates manually by downloading the firmware for their device and copying the file to the device's root directory. The Kindle operating system uses the Linux kernel with a Java app for reading e-books. Amazon initially offered a Personal Documents Service to add content to a user's Kindle which only worked via email. Documents were sent directly to
2415-961: A plan was adopted for Jeff Bezos to sell approximately 50 million shares of the company over the next year (the deadline for the entire sales plan is January 31, 2025). The first step was the sale of 12 million shares for about $ 2 billion. On February 26, 2024, Amazon became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average . Amazon.com is an e-commerce platform that sells many product lines, including media ( books , movies, music, and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics , beauty products , gourmet food, groceries, health and personal care products, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry , watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods , tools, automotive items, toys and games, and farm supplies and consulting services . Amazon websites are country-specific (for example, amazon.com for
2520-401: A range of Booths branded products for home delivery in selected areas. In November 2018, Amazon reached an agreement with Apple Inc. to sell selected products through the service, via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers. As a result of this partnership, only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4, 2019. On November 7, 2024 Amazon
2625-417: A range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms . All Kindle devices integrate with Windows and macOS file systems and Kindle Store content and, as of March 2018, the store had over six million e-books available in the United States. In 2004, Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos instructed the company's employees to build
2730-575: A separate Kindle application for Linux systems; the Cloud Reader can be used on supported browsers in Linux. On April 17, 2014, Samsung announced it would discontinue its own e-book store effective July 1, 2014 and it partnered with Amazon to create the Kindle for Samsung app optimized for display on Samsung Galaxy devices. The app uses Amazon's e-book store and it includes a monthly limited selection of free e-books. In June 2016, Amazon released
2835-440: A situation where, "web content (JavaScript, HTML, layout, etc) lives in a separate process from the application UI". This abstraction was intended to make reuse a more straightforward process for WebKit2 than for WebKit. WebKit2 had "an incompatible API change from the original WebKit", which motivated its name change. The WebKit2 targets were set to Linux, macOS, Windows, GTK , and MeeGo -Harmattan. Safari for macOS switched to
2940-554: A word in an e-book. The font type, size and margins can be customized. Kindles are charged by connecting to a computer's USB port or to an AC adapter. Users needing accessibility due to impaired vision can use an audio adapter to listen to any e-book read aloud on supported Kindles, or those with difficulty in reading text may use the Amazon Ember Bold font for darker text and other fonts may too have bold font versions. The Kindle also contains experimental features such as
3045-456: Is Amazon's successor to the AZW3 format. Kindles cannot natively display EPUB files. However, at least two methods allow viewing the content of EPUB formatted content on Kindles: In late April 2022, Amazon announced that Send to Kindle will support EPUB, beginning in late 2022. An e-book may be downloaded from Amazon to several devices at the same time, as long as the devices are registered to
3150-570: Is Lehigh Valley region's third-largest employer. In August 2019, Amazon applied to have a liquor store in San Francisco , as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city. In 2020, Amazon Fresh opened several physical stores in the U.S. and the United Kingdom . Amazon has a number of products and services available, including its digital assistant Alexa , Amazon Music , and Prime Video for music and videos respectively,
3255-580: Is a " social cataloging " website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler, a software engineer, and entrepreneur, and Elizabeth Khuri. The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads' extensive user-populated database of books, annotations, and reviews. Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists. They can also create their groups of book suggestions and discussions. In December 2007,
Amazon Kindle - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-590: Is a reference tool that is incorporated in Kindle Touch and later devices, the Fire tablets, the Kindle app for mobile platforms and Fire TV . X-Ray lets users explore in more depth the contents of a book, by accessing preloaded files with relevant information, such as the most common characters, locations, themes, or ideas. Users can bookmark, highlight, and search through content. Pages can be bookmarked for reference, and notes can be added to relevant content. While
3465-903: Is also used by the PlayStation consoles starting with the PS3, the Tizen mobile operating systems, the Amazon Kindle e-book reader, Nintendo consoles starting with the 3DS Internet Browser , and the discontinued BlackBerry Browser . WebKit started as a fork of the KHTML and KJS libraries from KDE , and has since been further developed by KDE contributors, Apple , Google , Nokia , Bitstream , BlackBerry , Sony , Igalia , and others. WebKit supports macOS , Windows , Linux , and various other Unix-like operating systems . On April 3, 2013, Google announced that it had forked WebCore,
3570-438: Is an American video e-commerce live-streaming service created by Amazon Inc. to compete with live-streaming services. The service allows users to stream live videos promoting or sponsoring products. Users (mainly celebrities or Internet influencers ) have the option to livestream on Amazon and add tags to additionally add context to the products they're selling or promoting. Other users can join in and type in messages to send to
3675-558: Is available under the BSD 2-Clause license. Beginning in early 2007, the development team began to implement Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) extensions, including animation , transitions and both 2D and 3D transforms; such extensions were released as working drafts to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 2009 for standardization. In November 2007, the project announced that it had added support for media features of
3780-492: Is frequently used by websites and non-profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission. Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) XML service. A new affiliate product, aStore, allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website, or linked to another website. In June 2010, Amazon Seller Product Suggestions
3885-689: Is part of the KDE project) and the PCRE regular expression library. Since forking from KJS and PCRE, JavaScriptCore has been improved with many new features and greatly improved performance. On June 2, 2008, the WebKit project announced they rewrote JavaScriptCore as "SquirrelFish", a bytecode interpreter . The project evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme (abbreviated SFX, marketed as Nitro), announced on September 18, 2008 further speeding up JavaScript execution. An optimizing just-in-time (JIT) compiler named FTL
3990-583: Is reportedly discussing a second multi-billion dollar investment in AI startup Anthropic, following its initial $ 4 billion investment. Amazon sells many products under its own brand names , including phone chargers, batteries, and diaper wipes. The AmazonBasics brand was introduced in 2009, and now features hundreds of product lines, including smartphone cases, computer mice, batteries, dumbbells, and dog crates. Amazon owned 34 private-label brands as of 2019. These brands account for 0.15% of Amazon's global sales, whereas
4095-573: Is the second-largest private employer in the United States and the second-largest company in the World and in the U.S. by revenue as of 2024. As of October 2024, Amazon is the 12th-most visited website in the world and 84% of its traffic comes from the United States. Amazon is also the global leader in research and development spending, with R&D expenditure of US$ 73 billion in 2022. Amazon has been criticized on various grounds, including but not limited to customer data collection practices,
4200-447: Is the world's largest online retailer and marketplace , smart speaker provider, cloud computing service through AWS, live-streaming service through Twitch, and Internet company as measured by revenue and market share . In 2021, it surpassed Walmart as the world's largest retailer outside of China, driven in large part by its paid subscription plan, Amazon Prime , which has close to 200 million subscribers worldwide. It
4305-486: The Amazon Appstore for Android apps, the Kindle line of eink e-readers, Fire and Fire HD color LCD tablets. Audible provides audiobooks for purchase and listening. In September 2021, Amazon announced the launch of Astro , its first household robot, powered by its Alexa smart home technology. This can be remote-controlled when not at home, to check on pets, people, or home security. It will send owners
Amazon Kindle - Misplaced Pages Continue
4410-600: The Amazon Kindle for Android . Soon after the Android release, versions for the Apple iOS ( iPhone and iPad ) and BlackBerry OS phones were available. In January 2011, Amazon released Kindle for Windows Phone . In July 2011, Kindle for HP TouchPad (running webOS ) was released in the U.S. as a beta version. In August 2011, Amazon released an HTML5 -based webapp for supported web browsers called Kindle Cloud Reader . In 2013, Amazon has expressed no interest in releasing
4515-551: The Chromium codebase, it was confirmed that the Opera web browser would also switch to Blink. Following the announcement, WebKit developers began discussions on removing Chrome-specific code from the engine to streamline its codebase. WebKit no longer has any Chrome specific code (e.g., buildsystem, V8 JavaScript engine hooks, platform code, etc.). WebCore is a layout, rendering, and Document Object Model (DOM) library for HTML and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), developed by
4620-603: The GTK toolkit for Linux , under the name WebKitGTK which is used by Eolie, GNOME Web , Adobe Integrated Runtime , Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL), and the Clutter toolkit. Qt Software included a WebKit port in the Qt 4.4 release as a module called QtWebKit (since superseded by Qt WebEngine , which uses Blink instead). The Iris Browser on Qt also used WebKit. The Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL) port – EWebKit –
4725-456: The HTML5 draft specification, allowing embedded video to be natively rendered and script-controlled in WebKit. On June 2, 2008, the WebKit project announced they rewrote JavaScriptCore as "SquirrelFish", a bytecode interpreter . The project evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme (abbreviated SFX), announced on September 18, 2008, which compiles JavaScript into native machine code , eliminating
4830-495: The KDE HTML ( KHTML ) layout engine and KDE JavaScript ( KJS ) engine. The WebKit project was started within Apple by Lisa Melton on June 25, 2001, as a fork of KHTML and KJS . Melton explained in an e-mail to KDE developers that KHTML and KJS allowed easier development than other available technologies by virtue of being small (fewer than 140,000 lines of code ), cleanly designed and standards-compliant. KHTML and KJS
4935-668: The Kindle Fire tablet branding was changed to Amazon Fire in 2014; this name change reflected their wider capabilities as an Android-derived tablet. Other later developments include devices with larger eink displays such as the Kindle Oasis 2 (2017) at 7" and the Paperwhite 5 (2021) at 6.8", as well as a device with a 10.2" screen and Wacom stylus support called the Kindle Scribe (2022). In 2022 Amazon also introduced
5040-583: The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio, which was acquired in March 2022, and owns Brilliance Audio and Audible, which produce and distribute audiobooks, respectively. Amazon also produces consumer electronics —most notably, Kindle e-readers , Echo devices, Fire tablets , and Fire TVs . Amazon has a reputation as a disruptor of industries through technological innovation and aggressive reinvestment of profits into capital expenditures. As of 2023 , it
5145-539: The Nielsen BookScan service to verified authors. While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers, manufacturers, and marketers, Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm. Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR, though Amazon states: Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be
5250-726: The S60 browser on Symbian mobile phones, BlackBerry Browser (ver 6.0+), Midori , Chrome browser, the Android Web browser before version 4.4 KitKat, and the browser used in PlayStation 3 system software from version 4.10. KDE's Rekonq web browser and Plasma Workspaces also use it as the native web rendering engine. WebKit has been adopted as the rendering engine in OmniWeb , iCab and Web (formerly named Epiphany) and Sleipnir , replacing their original rendering engines. GNOME's Web supported both Gecko and WebKit for some time, but
5355-525: The Whole Foods Market supermarket chain in 2017. It is the leading e-retailer in the United States with approximately US$ 178 billion net sales in 2017. It has over 300 million active customer accounts globally. Amazon saw large growth during the COVID-19 pandemic , hiring more than 100,000 staff in the United States and Canada. Some Amazon workers in the U.S., France, and Italy protested
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#17327755959115460-579: The iPhone , iPod Touch , and iPad , where it is used to render content in the device's web browser and e-mail software. The Android mobile phone platform used WebKit (and later versions its Blink fork ) as the basis of its web browser and the Palm Pre , announced January 2009, has an interface based on WebKit. The Amazon Kindle 3 includes an experimental WebKit based browser. In June 2007, Apple announced that WebKit had been ported to Microsoft Windows as part of Safari. Although Safari for Windows
5565-503: The 11th gen Kindle with a 300 PPI display, ending the use of the 6" 167 PPI display that had been on every basic Kindle since 2007. In 2024 Amazon introduced the first color E Ink Kindle, the Kindle Colorsoft Signature Edition. Amazon has also introduced Kindle apps for use on various devices and platforms, including Windows , macOS , Android , iOS , BlackBerry 10 and Windows Phone . Amazon also has
5670-420: The 3G network had that network turned off in December 2021 due to the carriers retiring 3G. For U.S. customers traveling abroad, Amazon originally charged a $ 1.99 fee to download e-books over 3G while overseas, but later removed the fee. Fees remain for wireless 3G delivery of periodical subscriptions and personal documents, while Wi-Fi delivery has no extra charge. In addition to the Kindle Store , content for
5775-447: The Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales. In particular, products that experience large jumps (up or down) in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon's lists of "movers and shakers"; such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales. For competitive reasons, Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public. However, Amazon has now begun to release point of sale data via
5880-485: The Internet. Audible sells digital audiobooks , radio and television programs, and audio versions of magazines and newspapers. Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks. On January 31, 2008, Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about $ 300 million. The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon. Goodreads
5985-495: The KDE project was able to incorporate some of these changes to improve KHTML's rendering speed and add features, including compliance with the Acid2 rendering test. Following the appearance of a story of the fork in the news, Apple released the source code of the WebKit fork in a public revision-control repository. The WebKit team had also reversed many Apple-specific changes in the original WebKit code base and implemented platform-specific abstraction layers to make committing
6090-489: The Kindle and Kindle reading apps in the US via Libby . Books can be checked out from the library's own site, which forwards to Amazon for the completion of the checkout process. The Libby app stores user account and library details during set up and can send content to the users Amazon account at the time of checkout. Amazon then delivers the title to the Kindle for the duration of the loan, though some titles may require transfer via
6195-400: The Kindle app ( Kindle Fire ), and low-priced devices with a touch-sensitive screen (Kindle 7). However, the Kindle e-reader has often been a narrow-purpose device for reading rather than being multipurpose hardware that might create distractions while reading. Active Content support was introduced in 2010 only to be dropped from new Kindle devices in late 2014. After the first three generations,
6300-534: The Kindle app. Until August 2022, in addition to the document types mentioned above, this service could be used to send unprotected and original version only .mobi/.azw files to a user's Kindle library. Sending the file is free if downloaded using Wi-Fi, but, prior to 2021, cost $ 0.15 per MB when using Kindle's former 3G service. The first Kindle could read unprotected Mobipocket files (MOBI, PRC), plain text files (TXT), Topaz format books (TPZ) and Amazon's AZW format. The Kindle 2 added native PDF capability with
6405-544: The Kindle can be purchased from various independent sources such as Fictionwise and Baen Ebooks . Public domain titles are also obtainable for the Kindle via content providers such as Project Gutenberg , The Internet Archive and the World Public Library. In 2011, the Kindle Store had more than twice as much paid content as its nearest competitor, Barnes & Noble . Public libraries that offer books via OverDrive, Inc. can also choose to lend titles for
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#17327755959116510-422: The Kindle via WhisperSync. Later expansions added cloud library features and content management. The modern service is called Send to Kindle and is available through various means such as email, website, app, or browser extension. It allows the user to send files such as EPUB , PDF , HTML pages, Microsoft Word documents, GIF , PNG , and BMP graphics directly to the user's Kindle library. When Amazon receives
6615-720: The Page Flip feature to its Kindle applications that debuted on its e-readers a few years previously. This feature allows the user to flip through nine thumbnails of page images at a time. Amazon (company) Amazon.com, Inc. , doing business as Amazon ( / ˈ æ m ə z ɒ n / , AM -ə-zon ; UK also / ˈ æ m ə z ə n / , AM -ə-zən ), is an American multinational technology company engaged in e-commerce , cloud computing , online advertising , digital streaming , and artificial intelligence . Founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos in Bellevue, Washington ,
6720-461: The U.S. and amazon.co.uk for UK) though some offer international shipping. Visits to amazon.com grew from 615 million annual visitors in 2008, to more than 2 billion per month in 2022. The e-commerce platform is the 12th most visited website in the world. In February, 2024, Amazon announced its first chatbot was first “Rufus” in the US and in July, it was widely available to all customers in
6825-565: The US. “Rufus” is now available in the US, India and the UK which helps the shoppers get product recommendations, get shopping list advice, compare products and see what other customers have responded to their specific questions. Results generated by Amazon's search engine are partly determined by promotional fees. The company's localized storefronts, which differ in selection and prices, are differentiated by top-level domain and country code : In 2000, US toy retailer Toys "R" Us entered into
6930-473: The United Kingdom and Germany. In the subsequent year, it initiated the sale of a diverse range of products, including music, video games, consumer electronics, home improvement items, software, games, and toys. In 2002, it launched Amazon Web Services (AWS), which initially focused on providing APIs for web developers to build web applications on top of Amazon's ecommerce platform. In 2004, AWS
7035-596: The WebKit project. Its full source code is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). The WebKit framework wraps WebCore and JavaScriptCore, providing an Objective-C application programming interface to the C++ -based WebCore rendering engine and JavaScriptCore script engine, allowing it to be easily referenced by applications based on the Cocoa API ; later versions also include
7140-426: The aim of making porting to embedded or lightweight systems quicker and easier. This port is used for embedded devices such as set-top boxes , PMP and it has been ported into AmigaOS , AROS and MorphOS . MorphOS version 1.7 is the first version of Origyn Web Browser (OWB) supporting HTML5 media tags. Web Platform for Embedded (WPE) is a WebKit port designed for embedded applications; it further improves
7245-418: The architecture by splitting the basic rendering functional blocks into a general-purpose routines library (libwpe), platform backends, and engine itself (called WPE WebKit). The GTK port, albeit self-contained, can be built to use these base libraries instead of its internal platform support implementation. The WPE port is currently maintained by Igalia. On April 3, 2013, Google announced that it would produce
7350-595: The average for other large retailers is 18%. Other Amazon retail brands include Presto!, Mama Bear, and Amazon Essentials. Amazon derives many of its sales (around 40% in 2008) from third-party sellers who sell products on Amazon. Some other large e-commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their websites. The sales are processed through Amazon.com and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers. Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at
7455-411: The clippings file, all formatting (such as bold, italics, bigger fonts for headlines, etc.) is stripped off the original text. On July 18, 2011, Amazon began a program that allows college students to rent Kindle textbooks from three different publishers for a fixed period of time. Kindle devices may report information about their users' reading data that includes the last page read, how long each e-book
7560-481: The comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used ." The remaining review response options are to indicate whether the reader finds the review helpful or to report that it violates Amazon policies (abuse). If a review is given enough "helpful" hits, it appears on the front page of the product. In 2010, Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews. When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews, he defended
7665-518: The company originally started as an online marketplace for books but gradually expanded its offerings to include a wide range of product categories, referred to as "The Everything Store". Today, Amazon is considered one of the Big Five American technology companies, the other four being Alphabet , Apple , Meta , and Microsoft . The company has multiple subsidiaries , including Amazon Web Services , providing cloud computing; Zoox ,
7770-653: The company's decision to "run normal shifts" due to COVID-19's ease of spread in warehouses. In Spain, the company faced legal complaints over its policies, while a group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos expressing concerns about workplace safety. On February 2, 2021, Bezos announced that he would step down as CEO to become executive chair of Amazon's board. The transition officially took place on July 5, 2021, with former CEO of AWS Andy Jassy replacing him as CEO. In January 2023, Amazon cut over 18,000 jobs, primarily in consumer retail and its human resources division in an attempt to cut costs. On November 8, 2023,
7875-492: The core rendering code to other platforms significantly easier. In July 2007, Ars Technica reported that the KDE team would move from KHTML to WebKit. Instead, after several years of integration, KDE Development Platform version 4.5.0 was released in August 2010 with support for both WebKit and KHTML, and development of KHTML continued until 2016 before it was officially discontinued in 2023. On June 7, 2005, Safari developer Dave Hyatt announced on his weblog that Apple
7980-566: The cumulative number of mobile handsets shipped with a WebKit-based browser at 350 million. By mid-April 2015, WebKit browser market share was 50.3%. The week after Hyatt announced WebKit's open-sourcing, Nokia announced that it had ported WebKit to the Symbian operating system and was developing a browser based on WebKit for mobile phones running S60. Named Web Browser for S60 , it was used on Nokia, Samsung, LG, and other Symbian S60 mobile phones. Apple has also ported WebKit to iOS to run on
8085-486: The file, it converts the file to Kindle File Format and stores it in the user's online library (called "Your Content" by Amazon). Content added via Send to Kindle is added to the user library as Personal Documents by default, but some Send to Kindle interfaces allow users to send a document to a specific device and skip adding it to the library. The Send to Kindle service's personal documents can be accessed by all Kindle hardware devices as well as iOS and Android devices using
8190-425: The home screen and whether to organize by author, title, or download date. Kindle software version 2.5 allowed for the organization of books into "Collections" which behave like non-structured tags/labels: a collection cannot include other collections, and one book may be added to multiple collections. These collections are normally set and organized on the Kindle itself, one book at a time. The set of all collections of
8295-484: The need for a bytecode interpreter and thus speeding up JavaScript execution. Initially, the only supported processor architecture for SFX was the x86 , but at the end of January 2009, SFX was enabled for macOS on x86-64 as it passes all tests on that platform. On April 8, 2010, a project named WebKit2 was announced to redesign WebKit. Its goal was to abstract the components that provide web rendering cleanly from their surrounding interface or application shell, creating
8400-562: The new API with version 5.1. Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8. The original WebKit API has been renamed WebKitLegacy API. WebKit2 API has been renamed just plain WebKit API. WebKit is used as the rendering engine within Safari and was formerly used by Google 's Chrome web browser on Windows, macOS, and Android (before version 4.4 KitKat). Chrome used only WebCore, and included its own JavaScript engine named V8 and
8505-519: The original Kindle introduced in 2007 and the Kindle DX (with its larger 9.7" screen) introduced in 2009. The DX remained the only non-6" eink Kindle device until the 2017 introduction of the Oasis 2. The range included early generation devices with a keyboard (Kindle Keyboard), devices with touch-sensitive, lighted, high-resolution screens (Kindle Paperwhite), early generations of a tablet computer with
8610-540: The partnership in November 2019. Companies including IKEA and Birkenstock also stopped selling through Amazon around the same time, citing similar frustrations over business practices and counterfeit goods. In September 2017, Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US$ 104.44 million ( ₹ 759 crore ) in financial year 2017–2018. As of October 11, 2017 , AmazonFresh sold
8715-423: The popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale. It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly. Effectively, it is a "best sellers list" for the millions of products stocked by Amazon. While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product, it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists. Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on
8820-432: The practice by claiming that Amazon.com was "taking a different approach ... we want to make every book available—the good, the bad and the ugly ... to let truth loose". There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by public relations companies on behalf of their clients and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals' works. The Amazon sales rank (ASR) indicates
8925-731: The proximity to a major book distribution warehouse in Roseburg, Oregon . Bezos also considered several other options, including Portland, Oregon , and Boulder, Colorado . The company, originally named Cadabra, was founded in the converted garage of Bezos's house for symbolic reasons and was renamed to Amazon in November 1994. The Amazon website launched for public sales on July 16, 1995, and initially sourced its books directly from wholesalers and publishers. Amazon went public in May 1997. It began selling music and videos in 1998, and began international operations by acquiring online sellers of books in
9030-448: The publicized "divorce" period, KDE developer Kurt Pfeifle ( pipitas ) posted an article claiming KHTML developers had managed to backport many (but not all) Safari improvements from WebCore to KHTML, and they always appreciated the improvements coming from Apple and still do so. The article also noted Apple had begun to contact KHTML developers about discussing how to improve the mutual relationship and ways of future cooperation. In fact,
9135-411: The real name of the reviewer (based on confirmation of a credit card account) or which indicates that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity. As of December 16, 2020, Amazon removed the ability of sellers and customers to comment on product reviews and purged their websites of all posted product review comments. In an email to sellers Amazon gave its rationale for removing this feature: "...
9240-468: The same Amazon account. A sharing limit typically ranges from one to six devices, depending on an undisclosed number of licenses set by the publisher. When a limit is reached, the user must remove the e-book from some device or unregister a device containing the e-book in order to add the e-book to another device. The original Kindle and Kindle 2 did not allow the user to organize books into folders. The user could only select what type of content to display on
9345-405: The service in categories that Toys "R" Us had been granted exclusivity. In 2006, a court ruled in favor of Toys "R" Us, giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its independent e-commerce website. The company was later awarded $ 51 million in damages. In 2001, Amazon entered into a similar agreement with Borders Group , under which Amazon would comanage Borders.com as
9450-568: The site had over 650,000 members, and over a million books had been added. Amazon bought the company in March 2013. Ring is a home automation company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013. It is primarily known for its WiFi powered smart doorbells , but manufactures other devices such as security cameras. Amazon bought Ring for US$ 1 billion in 2018. WebKit WebKit is a browser engine primarily used in Apple's Safari web browser, as well as all web browsers on iOS and iPadOS . WebKit
9555-470: The subset of Qt required to make KHTML work on macOS written in Objective C++, and macOS calls. The exchange of code between WebCore and KHTML became increasingly difficult as the code base diverged because both projects had different approaches in coding and code sharing. At one point KHTML developers said they were unlikely to accept Apple's changes and claimed the relationship between the two groups
9660-513: The team decided that Gecko's release cycle and future development plans would make it too cumbersome to continue supporting it. webOS uses WebKit as the basis of its application runtime. WebKit is used to render HTML and run JavaScript in the Adobe Integrated Runtime application platform. In Adobe Creative Suite CS5, WebKit is used to render some parts of the user interface. As of the first half of 2010, an analyst estimated
9765-554: The time suggested that Amazon planned to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country. All of its locations were closed in 2022 along with other retail locations under the "Amazon 4-Star" brand. In July 2016, the company announced that it was opening a 1,100,000 ft (335,280.0 m) square foot facility in Palmer Township in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania . As of 2024, Amazon
9870-500: The user may have highlighted. Content from Amazon's Kindle Store is encoded in Amazon's proprietary Kindle formats ( .azw , .kf8 and .kfx ). In addition to published content, Kindle users can also access the Internet using the experimental web browser, which uses NetFront . Users can use the Kindle Store to access reading material using the Kindle itself or through a web browser to access content. The store features Kindle Unlimited for unlimited access to over one million e-books for
9975-563: The user, managing a back-forward list, and managing a history of pages recently visited. WebKit is open source and available under the BSD 2-Clause license with the exception of the WebCore and JavaScriptCore components, which are available under the GNU Lesser General Public License . As of March 7, 2013, WebKit is a trademark of Apple, registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The code that would become WebKit began in 1998 as
10080-910: The version 2.3 firmware upgrade. The Kindle 1 could not read PDF files, but Amazon provides experimental conversion to the native AZW format, with the caveat that not all PDFs may format correctly. The Kindle 2 added the ability to play the Audible Enhanced (AAX) format. The Kindle 2 can also display HTML files. The fourth and later generation Kindles, Touch, Paperwhite (all generations), Voyage and Oasis (all generations) can display AZW, AZW3, TXT, PDF, unprotected MOBI, and PRC files natively. HTML, DOC, DOCX, JPEG, GIF, PNG, and BMP are usable through Amazon's conversion service. The Keyboard, Touch, Oasis 2 & 3, Kindle 8 & 9, and Paperwhite 4 can also play Audible Enhanced (AA, AAX). The Kindle (7, 8 & 9), Kindle Paperwhite (2, 3, 4 & 5), Voyage and Oasis (1, 2 & 3) can display KFX files natively. KFX
10185-462: The world's best electronic reader before Amazon's competitors could. Amazon originally used the codename Fiona for the device. Branding consultants Michael Cronan and Karin Hibma devised the Kindle name. Lab126 asked them to name the product, and they suggested "kindle", meaning to light a fire. They felt this was an apt metaphor for reading and intellectual excitement. Kindle hardware evolved from
10290-520: Was a "bitter failure". They claimed Apple submitted their changes in large patches containing multiple changes with inadequate documentation, often in relation to future additions to the codebase. Thus, these patches were difficult for the KDE developers to integrate back into KHTML. Also, Apple had demanded that developers sign non-disclosure agreements before looking at Apple's source code and even then they were unable to access Apple's bug database. During
10395-410: Was developed (by Samsung and ProFusion ) focusing the embedded and mobile systems, for use as stand alone browser, widgets-gadgets, rich text viewer and composer. The Clutter port is developed by Collabora and sponsored by Robert Bosch GmbH . There was also a project synchronized with WebKit (sponsored by Pleyo) called Origyn Web Browser , which provided a meta-port to an abstract platform with
10500-716: Was expanded to provide website popularity statistics and web crawler data from the Alexa Web Information Service. AWS later shifted toward providing enterprise services with Simple Storage Service (S3) in 2006, and Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) in 2008, allowing companies to rent data storage and computing power from Amazon. In 2006, Amazon also launched the Fulfillment by Amazon program, which allowed individuals and small companies (called "third-party sellers") to sell products through Amazon's warehouses and fulfillment infrastructure. Amazon purchased
10605-402: Was launched to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third-party sellers to sell on Amazon. Products suggested are based on customers' browsing history. Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicates
10710-495: Was open-sourcing WebKit (formerly, only WebCore and JavaScriptCore were open source) and opening up access to WebKit's revision control tree and the issue tracker. In mid-December 2005, support for Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) was merged into the standard build. WebKit's JavaScriptCore and WebCore components are available under the GNU Lesser General Public License, while the rest of WebKit
10815-437: Was opened, annotations, bookmarks, notes, highlights, or similar markings to Amazon. The Kindle stores this information on all Amazon e-books but it is unclear if this data is stored for non-Amazon e-books. There is a lack of e-reader data privacy — Amazon knows the user's identity, what the user is reading, whether the user has finished the book, what page the user is on, how long the user has spent on each page, and which passages
10920-496: Was ported to macOS with the help of an adapter library and renamed WebCore and JavaScriptCore. JavaScriptCore was announced in an e-mail to a KDE mailing list in June 2002, alongside the first release of Apple's changes. According to Apple, some changes which called for different development tactics involved macOS-specific features that are absent in KDE's KHTML, such as Objective-C , KWQ (pronounced "quack") an implementation of
11025-405: Was silently discontinued by the company, WebKit's ports to Microsoft's operating system are still actively maintained. The Windows port uses Apple's proprietary libraries to function and is used for iCloud and iTunes for Windows, whereas the "WinCairo" port is a fully open-source and redistributable port. WebKit has also been ported to several toolkits that support multiple platforms, such as
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