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80-555: In terms of spelling the system is a middle ground between Kunrei-shiki and Hepburn romanisations, matching the former everywhere except for morae hu and tu , which are spelled as in Hepburn ( fu and tsu ), moras starting with z (which are spelled with dz, as in archaic Hepburn, but following the consistency of Kunrei-shiki with Jun being spelled as Dzyun) and syllabic n, which is changed to m before b, p and m as in traditional Hepburn. The following cyrillization system for Japanese

160-774: A Vienna press conference, where they satirised prejudice and stereotyping by wearing a bag over their entire bodies. Lennon detailed this period in the Beatles' song " The Ballad of John and Yoko ". During the Amsterdam Bed In press conference, Yoko also earned controversy in the Jewish community for saying during the press conference that, "If I was a Jewish girl in Hitler's day, I would approach him and become his girlfriend. After 10 days in bed, he would come to my way of thinking. This world needs communication. And making love

240-527: A stay-at-home dad to care for his infant son. Sean has followed in his parents' footsteps with a career in music; he performs solo work, works with Ono and formed a band, The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger . In early 1980, Lennon heard Lene Lovich and the B-52's ' " Rock Lobster " while on vacation in Bermuda. The latter reminded him of Ono's musical sound and he took this as an indication that she had reached

320-471: A transliteration , i.e., using a mapping scheme that simply maps each letter of the source alphabet to some letter of the destination alphabet, sometimes augmented by position-based rules. Among such schemes are several schemes universally accepted in Eastern Slavic languages : Similarly, simple schemes are widely used to render words from Latin-script languages into Cyrillic-script languages. When

400-579: A 1971 custody battle , Cox disappeared with their eight-year-old daughter. He won custody after successfully claiming that Ono was an unfit mother due to her drug use. Ono's ex-husband changed Kyoko's name to "Ruth Holman" and subsequently raised the girl in an organization known as the Church of the Living Word . Ono and Lennon searched for Kyoko for years, but to no avail. She would finally see Kyoko again in 1998. Ono's first contact with any member of

480-461: A 2018 issue of Portland Magazine , editor Colin W. Sargent writes of interviewing Yoko while she was visiting Portland, Maine, in 2005. She spoke of driving along the coast with Lennon and dreamed of buying a house in Maine. "We talked excitedly in the car. We were looking for a house on the water… We did examine the place! We kept driving north along the water until I don't really remember the name of

560-850: A Chance" (backed by Ono's "Remember Love") was the first release to be credited to the Plastic Ono Band. It was followed in October by " Cold Turkey " (backed by Ono's " Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for her Hand in the Snow) "). The singles were followed in December by the group's first album, Live Peace in Toronto 1969 , which had been recorded live at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival festival in September. This incarnation of

640-485: A companion piece to Lennon's John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band . The two albums also had companion covers: Ono's featured a photo of her leaning on Lennon, and Lennon's a photo of him leaning on Ono. Her album included raw, harsh vocals, which bore a similarity with sounds in nature (especially those made by animals) and free jazz techniques used by wind and brass players. Performers included Ornette Coleman , other renowned free jazz performers, and Ringo Starr . Some songs on

720-495: A few weeks after Lennon's divorce from Cynthia was granted. On December 12, 1968, Lennon and Ono participated in the BBC documentary about The Rolling Stones , The Rolling Stones Rock And Roll Circus , along with several other high-profile musicians. Lennon performed his Beatles composition " Yer Blues " towards the end, with an improvised vocal performance by Ono rounding out the set. The film would not be released until 1996, due to

800-647: A half-filled glass of water, with a window overlooking Central Park in the background. This photograph sold at an auction in London in April 2002 for about $ 13,000. In the liner notes to Season of Glass , Ono explained that the album was not dedicated to Lennon because "he would have been offended—he was one of us." The album received highly favorable reviews and reflected the public's mood after Lennon's assassination. In 1982, she released It's Alright . The cover featured Ono in her wrap-around sunglasses, looking towards

880-416: A house together, and he refused to accept Ono's phone calls. The next month, Lennon agreed to meet Ono, who claimed to have found a cure for smoking. After the meeting, Lennon failed to return home or call Pang. When she telephoned the next day, Ono told her Lennon was unavailable, because he was exhausted after a hypnotherapy session. Two days later, Lennon reappeared at a joint dental appointment with Pang; he

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960-524: A king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on the Beatles' last recorded album, Abbey Road . After "The Ballad of John and Yoko", Lennon and Ono decided it would be better to form their own band to release their newer, more personally representative art work, rather than release the sound material as the Beatles. To this end they formed the Plastic Ono Band , a name based on their 1968 Fluxus conceptual art project of

1040-596: A large number of goods to the countryside, where they were bartered for food. In one anecdote, her mother traded a German-made sewing machine for 60 kilograms (130 lb) of rice to feed the family. During this time, Ono's father, who had been in Hanoi, was believed to be in a prisoner of war camp in China. Ono told Amy Goodman of Democracy Now! on October 16, 2007, that "He was in French Indochina , which

1120-497: A millionaire! He might buy it." Ono feigned not knowing of the Beatles (even as she had gone to see Paul McCartney asking for a Beatle song score), but relented on the condition that Lennon pay her five shillings , to which Lennon replied, "I'll give you an imaginary five shillings and hammer an imaginary nail in." In a 2002 interview, Ono said, "I was very attracted to him. It was a really strange situation." Ono started writing to Lennon, sending him her conceptual artworks, and soon

1200-556: A musician. Ono began a career in popular music in 1969, forming the Plastic Ono Band with Lennon and producing a number of avant-garde music albums in the 1970s. She achieved commercial and critical success in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy , a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his murder, winning the Grammy Award for Album of the Year . To date, she has had twelve number one singles on

1280-515: A non- Latin script -using language are rendered in the Latin alphabet for use (e.g., in English , German , or Francophone literature .) Just as with various Romanization schemes, each Cyrillization system has its own set of rules, depending on: When the source language uses a fairly phonetic spelling system (e.g., Spanish, Turkish), a Cyrillization scheme may often be adopted that almost amounts to

1360-461: A number of Fluxus experiments. She also received minor airplay with the ballad " Mrs. Lennon ". The track "Don't Worry, Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)" was an ode to Ono's missing daughter, and featured Eric Clapton on guitar. In 1971, while studying with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in Majorca , Spain, Ono's ex-husband Anthony Cox accused Ono of abducting their daughter Kyoko from

1440-402: A painting on fire at one performance, Cage advised her to treat the paper with flame retardant . She is credited for the album cover art for the album Nirvana Symphony by Toshiro Mayuzumi , released by Time Records in 1962. After living apart for several years, Ono and Ichiyanagi filed for divorce in 1962. Ono returned home to live with her parents, and, suffering from clinical depression ,

1520-460: A reference to Ono: "Ocean child calls me", referring to the translation of Yoko's Japanese spelling. In May 1968, while his wife was on holiday in Greece, Lennon invited Ono to visit. They spent the night recording a selection of avant-garde tape loops, after which, he said, they "made love at dawn". The recordings made by the two during this session ultimately became their first collaborative album,

1600-418: A solo artist, peaking at No. 58 and gaining significant underground airplay. Double Fantasy received an instant critical reappraisal, eventually becoming a landmark album of the 1980s, and winning Ono the 1981 Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 24th Annual Grammy Awards . In 1981, she released the album Season of Glass , which featured the striking cover photo of Lennon's bloody spectacles next to

1680-553: A sound and light installation in the Apple press office that consisted of four perspex columns, each representing a member of the Beatles, with one holding a tape recorder and amplifier, the second a closed-circuit TV and camera, the third a record player and amplifier, and the fourth a miniature light show and loud speaker. Soon after The Plastic Ono Band name was used in recording and releasing somewhat more standard rock -based albums. In July 1969, Lennon's first solo single, "Give Peace

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1760-605: A star in Tokyo's experimental community, then studying at Juilliard. At Sarah Lawrence, Ono studied poetry with Alastair Reid , English literature with Kathryn Mansell, and music composition with the Viennese -trained André Singer. Ono has said that her heroes at this time were the twelve-tone composers Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg . She said, "I was just fascinated with what they could do. I wrote some twelve-tone songs, then my music went into [an] area that my teacher felt

1840-513: A vowel) are written using "Ё" (e.g. Йоко for Yoko Ono , but Ёко for Yoko Kanno and all other Yokos). Some proper names, for historical reasons, do not follow the above rules. For example, the geographical names of Japan in Russian are transmitted according to special instructions for the transfer of geographical names (other language names, for example from the Ainu language , do not fall under

1920-704: Is Vietnam actually.... in Saigon. He was in a concentration camp." After the war ended in 1945, Ono remained in Japan when her family moved to the United States and settled in Scarsdale, New York , an affluent town 25 miles (40 km) north of midtown Manhattan . By April 1946, Gakushūin was reopened and Ono re-enrolled. The school, located near the Tokyo Imperial Palace , had not been damaged by

2000-467: Is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist . Her work also encompasses performance art and filmmaking . Ono grew up in Tokyo and moved to New York City in 1952 to join her family. She became involved with New York City's downtown artists scene in the early 1960s, which included the Fluxus group, and became well known in 1969 when she married English musician John Lennon of

2080-414: Is a great way of communicating." Lennon changed his name by deed poll on April 22, 1969, switching out Winston for Ono as a middle name. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon after that, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon. The couple settled at Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill, Berkshire , in southeast England. When Ono was injured in a car crash, Lennon arranged for

2160-428: Is followed by a k- syllable, e.g. Akatsuki → Акацки , Daisuki → Дайски . However, this omission is considered non-standard. Another non-standard (if not controversial) practice is omitting the voiceless u at the end of words, mostly in desu → дэс and masu → мас . This spelling can be found in some learning materials, but most professional translators oppose it, because native speakers may pronounce su at

2240-469: Is inadvisable for use in Russian , because ши is actually pronounced like шы in Russian, and джи like джы, thus making the vowel ( /ɨ/ ) closer to Japanese /u/ than to Japanese /i/ . Whereas, щи would have a correct vowel sound, but be pronounced more like Japanese sshi . Equally often, people transcribe cha , chi , chu , cho as ча, чи, чу, чо. This is phonetically correct, but does not conform with

2320-605: Is known as the Yevgeny Polivanov system. Note that it has its own spelling conventions and does not necessarily constitute a direct phonetic transcription of the pronunciation into the standard Russian usage of the Cyrillic alphabet. Hiragana and Katakana to Polivanov cyrillization correspondence table, for single/modified kana. Syllabic n (ん/ン) is spelled м (m) before b, p, m, and spelled нъ before vowels. Grammar particles は and へ are written ва and э. Syllable を

2400-731: Is mostly accepted by a majority of Russian and Ukrainian authors and publishers, transcription variants are not uncommon. A transliteration system for the Bulgarian Cyrillization of English has been designed by the Bulgarian linguist Andrey Danchev . Similarly, phonetic schemes are widely adopted for Cyrillization of French, especially considering the fairly large number of French loanwords that have been borrowed into Russian. Yoko Ono Yoko Ono ( Japanese : 小野 洋子 , romanized :  Ono Yōko , usually spelled in katakana オノ・ヨーコ ; born February 18, 1933)

2480-529: Is permitted and much more common to mark long vowels by using a colon (e.g. сё:гун). The sequence ei may be written э:, эй or эи. In regular texts long vowels are usually unmarked. Normally, vowels in the Polivanov system are always spelled, even if they are not pronounced. However, the voiceless u in the name ending -suke may be omitted: Ryūno suke → Рюно скэ . Some translators tend to omit voiceless u in all cases when su (and, less often, tsu )

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2560-413: Is to spell the diphthong ei as a long vowel э: , but this recommendation is almost never followed in practice. Instead, long vowel ē in the name ending -bē is often transliterated as -эй , e.g. Gonb ē → Гомб эй . Consonants are geminated exactly as they are in romaji : e.g. -kk- > -кк-. Long vowels may be marked by macron as in Hepburn, but since letter ё has a diacritical mark already it

2640-475: Is written either во or о depending on pronunciation (albeit о is more preferred). It is permitted to use й instead of и in diphthongs (e.g. shinjit ai → синдзит ай , s ei nen → с эй нэн ). However, и is always used on a morpheme clash: Kaw ai (kawa + i) → Кав аи . Yevgeny Polivanov recommended (but not prescribed as mandatory) to use й for Sino-Japanese ( on'yomi ) words, and и for native Japanese ( kun'yomi ) words. Another Polinanov's recommendation

2720-464: The Cyrillic alphabet . Although such a process has often been carried out in an ad hoc fashion, the term "cyrillization" usually refers to a consistent system applied, for example, to transcribe names of German, Chinese, or English people and places for use in Russian , Ukrainian , Serbian , Macedonian or Bulgarian newspapers and books. Cyrillization is analogous to romanization , when words from

2800-566: The Fluxus group, a loose association of Dada -inspired avant-garde artists which was founded in the early 1960s by Lithuanian-American artist George Maciunas . Maciunas promoted her work, giving Ono her first solo exhibition at his AG Gallery in New York in 1961. He formally invited Ono to join Fluxus, but she declined because she wanted to remain independent. However, she did collaborate with Maciunas, Charlotte Moorman , George Brecht , and

2880-855: The Strawberry Fields memorial in Manhattan 's Central Park , the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland, and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama , Japan (which closed in 2010). She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts, peace and disaster relief in Japan and the Philippines , and other such causes. In 2002, she inaugurated a biennial $ 50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace . In 2012, she received

2960-617: The "Main Hall"). This concert featured radical experimental music and performances. The Chambers Street series hosted some of Ono's earliest conceptual artwork, including Painting to Be Stepped On , a scrap of canvas on the floor that became a completed artwork as footprints were left on it. With that work, Ono suggested that a work of art no longer needed to be mounted on a wall and inaccessible. She showed this work and other instructional work again at Macunias's AG Gallery in July 1961. After Ono set

3040-498: The Beatles occurred when she visited Paul McCartney at his home in London to obtain a Lennon–McCartney song manuscript for a book John Cage was working on, Notations . McCartney declined to give her any of his manuscripts but suggested that Lennon might oblige. Lennon later gave Ono the original handwritten lyrics to " The Word ". Ono and Lennon first met on November 7, 1966, at the Indica Gallery in London, where she

3120-518: The Beatles , with whom she would subsequently record as a duo in the Plastic Ono Band . The couple used their honeymoon as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War with what they called a bed-in . She and Lennon remained married until he was murdered in front of the couple's apartment building, the Dakota , on December 8, 1980. Together they had one son, Sean , who later also became

3200-865: The Carnegie Recital Hall in 1965, in which she debuted Cut Piece . In September 1966, Ono visited London to meet artist and political activist Gustav Metzger 's Destruction in Art Symposium in September 1966. She was the only woman artist chosen to perform her own events and only one of two invited to speak. She premiered The Fog Machine during her Concert of Music for the Mind at the Bluecoat Society of Arts in Liverpool, England in 1967. Ono and Cox divorced on February 2, 1969, and she married John Lennon later that same year. During

3280-512: The Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award and co-founded the group Artists Against Fracking . Ono was born in Tokyo City on February 18, 1933, to mother Isoko Ono ( 小野 磯子 , Ono Isoko ) (1911–1999) and father Eisuke Ono ( 小野 英輔 , Ono Eisuke ) , a wealthy banker and former classical pianist . Isoko's adoptive maternal grandfather Zenjiro Yasuda ( 安田 善次郎 , Yasuda Zenjirō )

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3360-510: The New School in the summer of 1960, Ono was determined to rent a place to present her works along with the work of other avant-garde artists in the city. She eventually found an inexpensive loft in downtown Manhattan at 112 Chambers Street and used the apartment as a studio and living space, also allowing composer La Monte Young to organize concerts in the loft. They both held a series of events there from December 1960 through June 1961;

3440-487: The Polivanov scheme (тя, ти, тю, тё), which more closely resembles the Kunrei-shiki romanisations ( tya , ti , tyu , tyo ) for these particular characters. Sometimes е, rather than э, is used for e , despite е being pronounced ye in Russian (though not in other languages). This is typically not done in the initial position, despite older romanisations such as "Yedo" doing so. In any case, it does not conform with

3520-524: The Polivanov scheme, although it is seen as more acceptable for words that are in general use (e.g. kamikaze > камикадзе instead of камикадзэ). Replacing ё ( yo ) with е ( ye ) is incorrect, however, as it will change the Japanese word too much. The sound yo (Polivanov: ё), when in the initial position or after a vowel, is often written as йо (yo), which has the same pronunciation: Ёкосука -> Йокосука (Yokosuka), Тоёта -> Тойота (Toyota). Although,

3600-415: The Polivanov system). Other Japanese names and concepts were adapted into Russian from other languages (for example, under the influence of Hepburn or other transliteration systems). Those include but are not limited to: Cyrillization Cyrillization or Cyrillisation is the process of rendering words of a language that normally uses a writing system other than Cyrillic script into (a version of)

3680-629: The UK, where its release was delayed until 1972, and has periodically reemerged on the UK Singles Chart. Originally a protest song about the Vietnam War , "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" has since become a Christmas standard. That August the couple appeared together at a benefit in Madison Square Garden with Roberta Flack , Stevie Wonder , and Sha Na Na for mentally disabled children organized by WABC-TV 's Geraldo Rivera . In

3760-670: The US Dance charts, and in 2016 was named the 11th most successful dance club artist of all time by Billboard magazine. Many musicians have paid tribute to Ono as an artist in her own right and as a muse and icon , including Elvis Costello who recorded his version of " Walking on Thin Ice " with The Attractions for the Every Man Has a Woman tribute album to Yoko Ono, the B-52's , Sonic Youth and Meredith Monk . As Lennon's widow, Ono works to preserve his legacy. She funded

3840-713: The album consisted of wordless vocalizations, in a style that would influence Meredith Monk and other musical artists who have used screams and vocal noise instead of words. The album reached No. 182 on the US charts. When Lennon was invited to play with Frank Zappa at the Fillmore (then the Filmore West) on June 5, 1971, Ono joined them. Later that year, she released Fly , a double album. In it, she explored slightly more conventional psychedelic rock with tracks including "Midsummer New York" and "Mind Train", in addition to

3920-401: The couple continued working together for the sake of their joint careers. They performed at Tokyo's Sogetsu Hall, with Ono lying atop a piano played by John Cage. Soon, the couple returned to New York with Kyoko. In the early years of the marriage, Ono left most of Kyoko's parenting to Cox while she pursued her art full-time, with Cox also managing her publicity. Ono had a second engagement at

4000-413: The death of The Rolling Stones' founding member Brian Jones a few months after it was shot. During the final two years of the Beatles, Lennon and Ono created and attended public protests against the Vietnam War . They collaborated on a series of avant-garde recordings, beginning in 1968 with Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins , which notoriously featured an unretouched image of the two artists nude on

4080-464: The end of the word with a distinctive u sound (especially in "feminine" speech). In English texts, Japanese names are written with the Hepburn system. Attempts may be made to transcribe these as if they were English, rather than following a dedicated Japanese Cyrillization scheme. A common example of this is attempting to transcribe shi (Polivanov: си) as ши and ji (Polivanov: дзи) as джи. This

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4160-415: The events were attended by people such as Marcel Duchamp and Peggy Guggenheim . Ono and Young both claimed to have been the primary curator of these events, with Ono claiming to have been eventually pushed into a subsidiary role by Young. Ono presented work only once during the series. In 1961, Ono had her first major public performance in a concert at the 258-seat Carnegie Recital Hall (smaller than

4240-550: The examples are the Practical transcription of English into Russian ( Russian : Правила англо-русской практической транскрипции ), which aims to render English words into Russian based on their sounds, and Transliteration of foreign words by a Cyrillic alphabet ( uk:Транслітерація іншомовних слів кирилицею ) and Cyrillization of the English language ( uk:Кирилізація англійської мови ) in the case of Ukrainian. While this scheme

4320-421: The front cover. The same year, the couple contributed an experimental sound collage to The Beatles' self-titled " White Album " called " Revolution 9 ", with Ono contributing additional vocals to " Birthday ", and one lead vocal line on " The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill ", marking the only occasion in a Beatles recording in which a woman sings lead vocals. On March 20, 1969, Lennon and Ono were married at

4400-487: The group also consisted of guitarist Eric Clapton , bass player Klaus Voormann , and drummer Alan White . The first half of their performance consisted of rock standards. During the second half, Ono took to the microphone and performed two original feedback-driven compositions, "Don't Worry Kyoko" and "John John (Let's Hope For Peace)", constituting the entirety of the second half of the live album. Ono released her first solo album, Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band in 1970, as

4480-547: The heavy bombing. Ono later went to the Karuizawa mountain resort with members of her family. Starvation was rampant in the destruction that followed the Tokyo bombings; the Ono family was forced to beg for food while pulling their belongings in a wheelbarrow. Ono said it was during this period in her life that she developed her "aggressive" attitude and understanding of "outsider" status. Other stories tell of her mother bringing

4560-524: The kindergarten. They reached an out of court agreement and the charges were dismissed. Cox eventually moved away with Kyoko. Ono would not see her daughter until 1998. During this time, she wrote "Don't Worry Kyoko", which also appears on Lennon and Ono's album Live Peace in Toronto 1969 , in addition to Fly . Kyoko is also referenced in the first line of " Happy Xmas (War Is Over) " when Yoko whispers "Happy Christmas, Kyoko", followed by Lennon whispering, "Happy Christmas, Julian ." The song reached No. 4 in

4640-446: The mainstream (the band had in fact been influenced by Ono). Ono and Lennon began trading songs over the phone with each other, quickly accumulating enough material to record. The emerging album was structured as a dialogue, and was to be credited to John Lennon and Yoko Ono as a duo. It would also mark the return of Lennon to the public eye after a five-year absence, as well as a public reconciliation of Ono and Lennon. Double Fantasy

4720-405: The musique concrete work Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins . When Lennon's wife returned home, she found Ono wearing her bathrobe and drinking tea with Lennon, who simply said, "Oh, hi." On September 24 and 25, 1968, Lennon wrote and recorded " Happiness Is a Warm Gun ", which contains sexual references to Ono. Ono became pregnant, but had a miscarriage of a male child on November 21, 1968,

4800-546: The poet Jackson Mac Low , among others associated with the group. Ono first met John Cage through his student Ichiyanagi Toshi, in Cage's experimental composition class at the New School for Social Research . She was introduced to more of Cage's unconventional neo-Dadaism first hand, and via his New York City protégés Allan Kaprow , Brecht, Mac Low, Al Hansen and the poet Dick Higgins . After Cage finished teaching at

4880-859: The registry office in Gibraltar and spent their honeymoon in Amsterdam , campaigning with a week-long bed-in for peace. They planned another bed-in in the US, but were denied entry to the country. They held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded " Give Peace a Chance ". Lennon later stated his regrets about feeling "guilty enough to give McCartney credit as co-writer on my first independent single instead of giving it to Yoko, who had actually written it with me." The couple often combined advocacy with performance art, such as in " bagism ", first introduced during

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4960-701: The same name. that emerged from Ono's Fluxus concept of an open-ended plastic band. Plastic Ono Band was first conceived of by Ono in 1967 as an idea for an art exhibition in Berlin but The Plastic Ono Band was first physically realized in 1968 as a multi-media machine maquette by John Lennon, also called The Plastic Ono Band . In 1968, Lennon and Ono began a personal and artistic relationship in which they decided to credit their future endeavours as work of The Plastic Ono Band. Under that name Ono and Lennon collaborated on several art exhibitions, concerts, happenings and experimental noise music recording projects, including

5040-440: The source language does not use a particularly phonetic writing system—most notably English and French—its words are typically rendered in Russian, Ukrainian, or other Cyrillic-based languages using an approximate phonetic transcription system, which aims to allow the Cyrillic readers to approximate the sound of the source language as much as it is possible within the constraints of the destination language and its orthography. Among

5120-515: The spelling "йо" is not common in Russian words, these are more generally accepted for Japanese names than the transliterations using "ё". "Ё" is not often used in Japanese Cyrillization due to its facultative use in the Russian language (and possible substitution with the letter "Е" which would affect the pronunciation), but for professional translators, the use of ё is mandatory. Some personal names beginning with "Yo" (or used after

5200-467: The sun, while on the back the ghost of Lennon looks over her and their son. The album scored minor chart success and airplay with the single " Never Say Goodbye ". In 1984, a tribute album titled Every Man Has a Woman was released, featuring a selection of songs written by Ono performed by artists such as Elvis Costello, Roberta Flack, Eddie Money , Rosanne Cash , and Harry Nilsson . Later that year, Ono and Lennon's final album, Milk and Honey ,

5280-567: The town. We went quite a ways up, actually, because it was so beautiful." In 1973, Ono recorded a single, "Joseijoi Banzai, Parts 1 and 2" with musicians billed as the Plastic Ono Band and Elephants Memory and released it only in Japan. She cheered feminism by combining lyrics inspired by Japanese war songs with Pop rhythms, signalling a new direction. After the Beatles disbanded in 1970, Ono and Lennon lived together in London and then moved permanently to Manhattan to escape tabloid racism towards Ono. Their relationship became strained because Lennon

5360-422: The two began corresponding. In September 1967, Lennon sponsored Ono's solo Half-A-Wind Show , at Lisson Gallery in London. When Lennon's wife Cynthia asked for an explanation of why Ono was telephoning them at home, he told her that Ono was only trying to obtain money for her "avant-garde bullshit". In early 1968, while the Beatles were making their visit to India, Lennon wrote the song " Julia " and included

5440-757: The war, and Ono found herself a classmate of Prince Akihito , the future emperor of Japan . At 14 years old, she took up vocal training in lieder -singing. Ono graduated from Gakushūin in 1951, and was accepted into the philosophy program of Gakushuin University as the first woman to enter the department. However, she left the school after two semesters. Ono joined her family in New York in September 1952, enrolling at nearby Sarah Lawrence College . Ono's parents approved of her college choice, but disapproved of her lifestyle and chastised her for befriending people they felt were beneath her. In 1956, Ono left college to elope with Japanese composer Toshi Ichiyanagi ,

5520-431: Was shot dead by Mark David Chapman , who had been stalking Lennon for two months. Yoko cradled the dying Lennon in her arms, and for a time afterward, lived in constant fear of her own and her son Sean's assassination. After John's death, the interior decorator Sam Havadtoy moved in to support her. "Walking on Thin Ice (For John)" was released as a single less than a month later, and became Ono's first chart success as

5600-399: Was a positive message, whereas most concept art he encountered at the time was anti-everything. Lennon was also intrigued by Ono's Hammer a Nail where viewers were invited to hammer a nail into a wooden board painted white. Although the exhibition had not yet opened, Lennon wanted to hammer a nail into the clean board, but Ono stopped him. Dunbar asked her, "Don't you know who this is? He's

5680-522: Was an affiliate of the Yasuda clan and zaibatsu . Eisuke came from a long line of samurai warrior-scholars. The kanji translation of Yōko ( 洋子 ) means "ocean child". Two weeks before Ono's birth, Eisuke was transferred to San Francisco, California , by his employer, the Yokohama Specie Bank . The rest of the family followed soon after, with Ono first meeting her father when she

5760-553: Was briefly placed into a Japanese mental institution . On November 28, 1962, Ono married Anthony Cox , an American film producer and art promoter who had been instrumental in securing her release from the mental institution. Ono's second marriage was annulled on March 1, 1963, because she had neglected to finalize her divorce from Ichiyanagi. After finalizing that divorce, Cox and Ono married again on June 6, 1963. She gave birth to their daughter Kyoko Chan Cox two months later, on August 8, 1963. The marriage quickly fell apart, but

5840-461: Was facing deportation due to drug charges that had been filed against him in England, and because of Ono's separation from her daughter. The couple separated in July 1973, with Ono pursuing her career and Lennon living between Los Angeles and New York with personal assistant May Pang ; Ono had given her blessing to Lennon and Pang's relationship. By December 1974, Lennon and Pang considered buying

5920-453: Was preparing Unfinished Paintings , her conceptual art exhibit about interactive painting and sculpture. They were introduced by gallery owner John Dunbar . One piece, Ceiling Painting/Yes Painting , had a ladder painted white with a magnifying glass at the top. When Lennon climbed the ladder, he looked through the magnifying glass and was able to read the word YES which was written in miniature. He greatly enjoyed this experience as it

6000-495: Was really a bit off track, and... he said, 'Well, look, there are people who are doing things like what you do, and they're called avant-garde. ' " Singer introduced her to the work of Edgar Varèse , John Cage , and Henry Cowell . Ono left college and moved to New York in 1957, supporting herself through secretarial work and lessons in the traditional Japanese arts at the Japan Society . Ono has often been associated with

6080-583: Was released as a mixture of unfinished Lennon recordings from the Double Fantasy sessions, and new Ono recordings. It peaked at No. 3 in the UK and No. 11 in the U.S., going gold in both countries as well as in Canada. Ono funded the construction and maintenance of the Strawberry Fields memorial in Manhattan's Central Park , directly across from the Dakota, which was the scene of the murder. It

6160-643: Was released on November 17, 1980, and received tepid initial reviews, with much of the criticism centering on the idealization of Lennon and Ono's marriage and supposed domestic bliss. However, the reception and the legacy of the album would be forever linked with what happened just weeks after its release. On the evening of December 8, 1980, Lennon and Ono were at the Record Plant Studio and working on Ono's song " Walking on Thin Ice ". When they returned to The Dakota (their home in Manhattan), Lennon

6240-422: Was stupefied and confused to such an extent that Pang believed he had been brainwashed. He told her his separation from Ono was now over, though Ono would allow him to continue seeing her as his mistress, which did not happen. Ono and Lennon's son, Sean , was born on October 9, 1975, Lennon's 35th birthday. Following the birth of Sean, both Lennon and Ono took a hiatus from the music industry, with Lennon becoming

6320-525: Was transferred from New York City to Hanoi in French Indochina , and the family returned to Japan. Ono was enrolled in Keimei Gakuen, an exclusive Christian primary school run by the Mitsui family. She remained in Tokyo throughout World War II and the fire-bombing of March 9, 1945 , during which she was sheltered with other family members in a special bunker in Tokyo's Azabu district, away from

6400-634: Was two years old. Her younger brother Keisuke was born in December 1936. In 1937, the family was transferred back to Japan, and Ono enrolled at Tokyo's elite Gakushūin (also known as the Peers School), one of the most exclusive schools in Japan. Ono was enrolled in piano lessons from the age of 4, until the age of 12 or 13. She attended kabuki performances with her mother, who was trained in shamisen , koto , otsuzumi , kotsuzumi , nagauta , and could read Japanese musical scores. The family moved to New York City in 1940. The next year, Eisuke

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