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43-402: It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy ) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze ). Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń . The Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999, as a result of

86-582: A museum dedicated to the composer. Włocławek, Toruń and Bydgoszcz contain preserved Gothic cathedrals. Locations of historic monastaries include Chełmno , Grudziądz , Mogilno , Rywałd and Skępe . In Gąsawa , there is the 17th-century Saint Nicolas Church with a unique collection of multi-layered mural paintings, dating back several centuries. There are three spa towns : Ciechocinek , Inowrocław and Wieniec-Zdrój . Major museums and art galleries are located in Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Włocławek, including

129-591: A part of Pomeranian Voivodeship . In 1934 the Muzeum Nadgoplańskie in Kruszwica was built. It was opened in 1939, and it had valuable collection of ethnographical objects, inter alia: furniture and clothing. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II in September 1939, it was occupied by Nazi Germany . During the occupation , almost all of Kuyavia was annexed into

172-459: A private firm to which the provincial government subcontracted the provision of rail transport. The A1 and S5 highways pass through the province, with the S10 also under construction. All major towns of the province have municipal transportation companies operating buses, while Bydgoszcz , Toruń and Grudziądz also have extensive tram systems. The Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeship's government

215-543: Is Polish highway which, when completed, will serve as a direct route between Szczecin and Warsaw . It has been planned to run from the interchange with Motorway A6 on the eastern outskirts of Szczecin, through Bydgoszcz and Toruń , to the interchange with express road S50 near Płock , west of Warsaw. Its planned length is 460 km (290 mi). As of 2024, only short stretches of S10 serving as bypasses of Bydgoszcz, Toruń and several smaller towns have been built, totalling about 56 km (35 mi). According to

258-623: Is a historical region in north-central Poland , situated on the left bank of Vistula , as well as east from Noteć River and Lake Gopło . It is divided into three traditional parts: north-western (with the capital in Bydgoszcz , ethnographically regarded often as non-Kuyavian ), central (the capital in Inowrocław or Kruszwica ), and south-eastern (the capital in Włocławek or Brześć Kujawski ). The name Kuyavia first appeared in written sources in

301-503: Is divided into 23 counties ( powiats ): 4 city counties and 19 land counties. These are further divided into 144 gminas . The counties are listed in the following table (ordering within categories is by decreasing population). Protected areas in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship include the nine Landscape Parks listed below. There are eight Historic Monuments of Poland and one World Heritage Site in

344-571: Is headed by the province's voivode (governor) who is appointed by the Polish Prime Minister . The voivode is then assisted in performing his duties by the voivodeship's marshal, who is the appointed speaker for the voivodeship's executive and is elected by the sejmik (provincial assembly) . The current voivode of Kuyavia-Pomerania is Ewa Monika Mes , and the present marshal is Piotr Całbecki . The Sejmik of Kuyavia-Pomerania consists of 33 members. The Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

387-678: The Dagome iudex papal regesta. According to Andrzej Bańkowski, the Polans had moved into the region of Greater Poland after they had to leave together with the Morawianie, their former Pannonian territories, conquered by the Avars . According to some sources, during the war with the Goplans, the Polans were supported by a Great Moravian army. As a result of occupation of the Goplans' territory,

430-529: The Intelligenzaktion . Major sites of massacres of Poles in the region included Gniewkowo , Fordon , Otorowo , Buszkowo , Tryszczyn , Odolion and Borówno . The Germans also operated subcamps of the Potulice and Stutthof concentration camps in Bydgoszcz, and the large Stalag XX-A prisoner-of-war camp for Polish, British, French, Australian and Soviet POWs in southern Toruń . In 1945,

473-833: The Archdiocese of Gniezno . In the times of the Polish fragmentation upon the 1138 Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty , Kuyavia at first became part of the Duchy of Masovia under Bolesław IV the Curly and his son Leszek ; it was claimed by the Polish High Duke Casimir II the Just in 1186, contested by his elder brother Mieszko III the Old and his son Bolesław . Casimir's son Duke Konrad I of Masovia in 1233 created

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516-656: The Greater Poland uprising of 1848 and January Uprising of 1863–1864. That division outlasted the 1871 unification of Germany until the end of World War I . Following World War I , Poland regained independence and control of the region. Within the Second Polish Republic , from 1918, the western part of Kuyavia belonged to Poznań Voivodeship , and the eastern part belonged to the Warsaw Voivodeship . In 1938 almost all Kuyavia became

559-694: The Leon Wyczółkowski Regional Museum in Bydgoszcz, District Museum in Toruń and Museum of Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land in Włocławek. The more unique museums include: There are numerous World War II memorials in the province, including a memorial at the site of the former Potulice concentration camp , memorials at the sites of Nazi massacres of Poles, including the largest massacres at Mniszek , Gniewkowo , Klamry , Łopatki and Fordon , and memorials to Allied prisoners of war held by Nazi Germany in

602-514: The Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It consisted of territory from the former Bydgoszcz , Toruń and Włocławek Voivodeships. The area now known as Kuyavia-Pomerania was previously divided between the region of Kuyavia , Dobrzyń Land , Pomerania (including Chełmno Land and Kociewie ), and Greater Poland (including Pałuki and Krajna ). Of the two principal cities of today's Kuyavian–Pomeranian voivodeship, one ( Bydgoszcz )

645-670: The Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War was fought in the region on 10 October 1410, and ended in a Polish victory. As a result of the First Partition of Poland in 1772 the Kingdom of Prussia took a considerable part of Inowrocław Voivodeship and the western part of Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship, and included it within its newly formed Netze District . After the Second Partition of 1793 the whole of Kuyavia

688-567: The "Diocese of Cuiavia-Kalisz" from 1818 to 1925. The capital of this Duchy, and - from the late 14th century - the residences of the Voivode governors were Inowrocław , Brześć Kujawski , and Radziejów as the seat of the shared regional Sejmik council of the two voivodeships . Today, the biggest center of Kuyavia is Bydgoszcz . Also the southern part of Toruń (Podgórz) lies in the historical region. Some ethnographers and historians, for example Oskar Kolberg and Zygmunt Gloger , count

731-412: The 1136 Bull of Gniezno ( Polish : Bulla Gnieźnieńska , Latin: Ex commisso nobis ) issued by Pope Innocent II , and was then mentioned in many documents from medieval times. It is also mentioned in the chronicles of Wincenty Kadłubek . In the north, Kuyavia borders with the historic regions of Gdańsk Pomerania ( Pomerelia ) and Chełmno Land , in the west with proper (exact) Greater Poland , in

774-639: The Duchy of Kuyavia for his second son Casimir I . When Casimir's elder brother Duke Bolesław I of Masovia died in 1248, he took the occasion and took Dobrzyń Land east of the Vistula River from the heritage of his younger brother Siemowit I . Upon Casimir's death 1267, the Duchy of Kuyavia was divided by his sons Leszek II the Black (d. 1288), Ziemomysł (d. 1287) and Władysław I the Elbow-high into

817-535: The German occupation ended and the region was restored to Poland. In the years 1945-1975 Kuyavia was in the borders of Bydgoszcz Voivodeship . The Włocławek Voivodeship was created in 1975, and the western part of Kuyavia remained in the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship. In 1999 almost the whole of Kuyavia was joined to the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Furthermore, small parts of the region were included in

860-771: The Kingdom of Prussia. While the Brześć Kujawski province (counties: Aleksandrów, Radziejów and Włocławek) remained with the Masovia Governorate of Congress Poland in Russian Empire, Inowrocław ( Hohensalza ) and Bydgoszcz ( Bromberg ) was incorporated into the Prussian Grand Duchy of Posen . The Polish population resisted anti-Polish policies, which included forced Germanisation and Russification , and took part in several uprisings incl.

903-620: The Kuyavians, had created a country with the main centers in Kruszwica on the northern shore of Lake Gopło . During the 10th century, their territory was conquered by another West Slavic tribe, the Polans settling in the adjacent Greater Polish land around Poznań and Gniezno and upon the death of Duke Mieszko I of Poland in 992, the Kuyavia lands were part of the early Duchy of Poland , mentioned as Civitas Schinesghe as circumscribed in

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946-654: The South and East pass through Bydgoszcz to connect to the major ports on the Baltic Sea . In addition to this, Bydgoszcz is home to the rolling stock manufacturer PESA SA , Poland's largest and most modern producer of railway and tram products. The province's sole international airport, Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport , is located in Bydgoszcz and has connections to a number of European destinations as well as Warsaw , which are all operated by either Irish carrier Ryanair or LOT Polish Airlines . The main railway stations of

989-642: The borders of the Masovian Voivodeship (regions between the border of the province and Skrwa Lewa River) and Greater Poland Voivodeship ( Przedecz , Wierzbinek ). The most successful and popular sports clubs in the region include motorcycle speedway team Polonia Bydgoszcz , basketball teams Anwil Włocławek , Astoria Bydgoszcz (men) and Basket 25 Bydgoszcz (women) and volleyball teams Chemik Bydgoszcz (men) and Pałac Bydgoszcz (women). Expressway S10 (Poland) Expressway S10 or express road S10 (in Polish droga ekspresowa S10 )

1032-740: The death of Casimir's son Władysław the White in 1388, the Kuyavian line of the Piast dynasty became extinct. After the reunification of Polish lands in the 14th century, the division into provinces and counties was introduced. That division finalized in the 15th century, existed until the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. Kuyavia was divided into the two administrative divisions of Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship and Inowrocław Voivodeship . The Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship

1075-674: The establishment of the province, several major international sports competitions were co-hosted by the province, including the EuroBasket 2009 , 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship , 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships , EuroBasket Women 2011 , 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships , 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship , and 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup . 53°04′42″N 18°29′37″E  /  53.07833°N 18.49361°E  / 53.07833; 18.49361 Kuyavia Kuyavia ( Polish : Kujawy ; Latin : Cuiavia ), also referred to as Cuyavia ,

1118-533: The first surgeon in the world to carry out a peptic ulcer resection (former clinic and monument in Chełmno). Motorcycle speedway , basketball and volleyball enjoy the largest following in the province. The KS Toruń and Polonia Bydgoszcz clubs are among the most accomplished speedway clubs in the country and contest the Pomeranian-Kuyavian Derby , one of the fiercest speedway rivalries. Since

1161-464: The glacial formations there are layers of rock-salt and potassium, and under Tertiary Period sediments there is lignite and ceramic clay. In Kuyavia there are black fertile soils, thanks to which Kuyavia is called "the granary of Poland". The episcopal see of Kuyavia was probably Kruszwica , and later Włocławek (after the episcopal see in the early 12th century): the Diocese of Włocławek became

1204-629: The lands of Dobrzyń and Chełmno north-east of the Vistula as parts of the Kuyavia region. The Linear Pottery culture existed in the area. The earliest solid evidence of cheese -making, dating to 5,500 BC , was found in Kuyavia. The beginnings of the state in Kuyavia are connected with the tribal state of the West Slavic Goplans . The Goplans, which some researchers identify with the Mazowszanie-Kłobianie or simply with

1247-532: The lands of Kuyavia were under the strong influence of the Pannonian culture and they lost their primary Masovian spirit. When the name Cuiavia arose for the first time in the 1136 Bull of Gniezno, it referred to the lands east of Greater Poland around Kruszwica and Włocławek, bordering with the Vistula river. The bull confirmed the position of the Bishopric of Kuyavia at Włocławek as a suffragan diocese of

1290-409: The newly formed province of Reichsgau Wartheland , except the northwestern part with the city of Bydgoszcz that was annexed to the newly formed province of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . The Polish population was subjected to various crimes , such as mass arrests, imprisonment, slave labor , expulsions , kidnapping of children , deportations to Nazi concentration camps and extermination, incl.

1333-641: The plans, the road from Bydgoszcz to Toruń will be constructed by 2026, from Szczecin to Bydgoszcz – by 2030, and from Toruń to Warsaw – by 2032. Kilometrage starting point cloverleaf interchange section planned as part of Expressway S11 Western End of concurrency with national road 25 modified cloverleaf interchange cloverleaf interchange trumpet interchange Eastern terminus of toll section interchange equipped with toll station 52°58′22″N 18°42′01″E  /  52.972786°N 18.700254°E  / 52.972786; 18.700254 This Polish road or road transport-related article

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1376-403: The province are Bydgoszcz main station and Toruń main station; both stations are served by fast PKP Intercity trains which connect them with the capital Warsaw , as well as other major Polish cities. In addition to these fast express services, inter-regional trains are operated by the firm Przewozy Regionalne , while domestic rail transportation within the voivodeship is provided by Arriva RP ,

1419-528: The province was 21.8 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 4.4% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 17,300 euros or 57% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 64% of the EU average. Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from

1462-722: The region at the sites of the former Stalag XX-A , Oflag XXI-B and Oflag 64 POW camps in Toruń and Szubin . Other notable sights include the Bydgoszcz Canal , connecting Bydgoszcz and Nakło nad Notecią , the Battle of Koronowo (1410) Monument, and monuments do distinguished people from the region, including cryptologist Marian Rejewski (birthplace and monument in Bydgoszcz), writer Jan Kasprowicz (childhood home and monument in Inowrocław), and surgeon Ludwik Rydygier ,

1505-561: The south with Łęczyca Land and in the east with Masovia and Dobrzyń Land . The borders of Kuyavia stretch out on the left bank of Vistula River: from the mouth of Skrwa Lewa in the south-east, almost to the mouth of the Wda River to the north. The borders of Kuyavia spread out to the west from Koronowo and Nakło to the Noteć River where they turn south-west, cross Trląg Lake , and on to Strzelneński Forest, reaching Skulski Lake and

1548-663: The two separate duchies of Inowrocław and Brześć Kujawski. In 1306 Ziemomysł's son Casimir II swore allegiance to his uncle Władysław I, who began to re-unite the Lands of the Polish Crown under his rule. The duchy was devastated during the Polish–Teutonic War of 1326–32, culminating in the 1331 Battle of Płowce , but was finally restored to Poland by the Teutonic Knights in the 1343 Treaty of Kalisz . With

1591-573: The upper Noteć River. The borders also enclose Brdowski Lake , Przedecz and Lubień Kujawski through the Skrwa Lewa, ending at the Vistula River . The Kuyavian lowlands have an average elevation of 100–130 meters above sea level. It is post-glacial landscape, slightly undulating, in some places there are moraine hills and sandy gravel embankments. In deep dykes and depressions there are approximately 600 lakes larger than 1 km . Under

1634-574: The voivodeship marshal ( marszałek województwa ). The Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship is bordered by five other voivodeships. These are Pomeranian Voivodeship to the north, Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship to the north-east, Masovian Voivodeship to the east, Łódź Voivodeship across a short boundary to the south, and Greater Poland Voivodeship to the south and west. The voivodeship contains 5 cities and 47 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019): Towns: The Gross domestic product (GDP) of

1677-524: The voivodeship: The region is rich in historic architecture ranging from Romanesque and Gothic architecture to Renaissance , Baroque and Art Nouveau . Other preserved historic old towns include Bydgoszcz , Grudziądz and Brodnica . There are also numerous castles, including Dybów , Golub , Radzyń Chełmiński , Świecie , Zamek Bierzgłowski , preserved castle towers, including Brodnica and Kruszwica , and palaces, including Jabłonowo Pomorskie , Ostromecko , Wąpielsk , Żołędowo . The Dybów Castle

1720-465: Was further divided into five powiats (counties): Brześć, Kowal , Kruszwica , Przedecz and Radziejów , while the Inowrocław Voivodeship was divided into the Bydgoszcz and Inowrocław powiats and Dobrzyń Land east of the Vistula. Both voivodeships formed part of the larger Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . The Battle of Koronowo of

1763-412: Was historically located in Kuyavia, while the other ( Toruń ) was an important town of Chełmno Land. The functions of regional capital are split between Bydgoszcz and Toruń . Bydgoszcz serves as the seat of the centrally appointed governor or voivode ( Polish : wojewoda ), while Toruń is the seat of the elected Regional Assembly ( sejmik ), and of the executive elected by that assembly, headed by

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1806-713: Was taken by Prussia and incorporated into the newly formed province of South Prussia . Upon the 1807 Treaties of Tilsit , it was part of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and administered within the Bydgoszcz Department . In 1815 under the provisions of the Congress of Vienna , Kuyavia was divided between the Kingdom of Poland (Congress Poland remaining in a personal union with the Russian Empire , from 1831 direct part of Russian Empire) and

1849-523: Was the place where in 1454 King Casimir IV Jagiellon issued the famous Statutes of Nieszawa , covering a set of privileges for the Polish nobility ; an event that is regarded as the birth of the noble democracy in Poland, which lasted until the late-18th-century Partitions of Poland . The manor in Szafarnia was a place of stay for Fryderyk Chopin during his 1824 and 1825 summer vacations, and contains

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