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73-460: Inside the palace, Kim Il Sung's embalmed body lies inside a clear glass sarcophagus . His head rests on a traditional Korean buckwheat pillow and his body is covered by the flag of the Workers' Party of Korea . Kim Jong Il is on display in a room close to his father's remains and positioned in a very similar way. At 115,000 square feet (10,700 m), Kumsusan is the largest mausoleum dedicated to

146-495: A distance learning and diploma mills expert, has written that fake degrees are risky for buyers and consumers: In Australia , it is a criminal offence to call an institution a university, or issue university degrees, without authorisation through an act of federal or state parliaments. Under the Higher Education Support Act 2003 , corporations wishing to use the term "university" require approval from

219-433: A factory . More broadly, it describes any institution that offers qualifications which are not accredited nor based on proper academic assessment. While the terms "degree mill" and "diploma mill" are commonly used interchangeably, within the academic community a distinction is sometimes drawn. A "degree mill" issues diplomas from unaccredited institutions which may be legal in some states but are generally illegitimate, while

292-452: A master's degree ) without study. The term "diploma mill" may also be used pejoratively to describe a legitimate institution with low academic admission standards and a low job placement rate, such as for-profit schools . Diploma mills share a number of features that differentiate them from respected institutions, although some legitimate institutions may exhibit some of the same characteristics. The most notable feature of diploma mills

365-438: A "diploma mill" issues counterfeit diplomas bearing the names of real universities. Academic diplomas may be legitimately awarded without any study as a recognition of authority or experience. When given extraordinarily, such degrees are called honorary degrees or honoris causa degrees. Also, in some universities, holders of a lower degree (such as a bachelor's degree ) may be routinely awarded honorary higher degrees (such as

438-565: A Communist leader and the only one to house the remains of multiple people. Some halls inside the building are up to 1 kilometre (3,300 ft) long. It is fronted by a large square, approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) in length. It is bordered on its northern and eastern sides by a moat . Not far from the palace are the Kumsusan Guest Palace ( 39°03′40″N 125°48′06″E  /  39.06123742°N 125.801766607°E  / 39.06123742; 125.801766607 ) which

511-472: A Finnish degree or equivalent is not claimed. Also, English terms like "Bachelor" or "Doctor" are not protected. In Germany , it is a criminal offense to call an institution a Universität (university) or Fachhochschule , or to issue academic degrees, without authorization through an act of the respective state's Ministry of Education. It is also a misdemeanor to falsely claim a degree in Germany if it

584-484: A Provincial Act or a State Act or an institution deemed to be a University under section 3 or an institution specially empowered by an Act of Parliament to confer or grant degrees." UGC has published a warning dated July 2012 against Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM) about the unrecognized status of IIPM. Legitimate higher education qualifications in Ireland are placed on, or formally aligned, with

657-627: A diploma mill is often a postal box, mail forwarding service or suite number. There are legitimate distance learning institutions with limited facilities, however, but legitimate universities make their authority clear. For academics, publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals are important for establishing scientific credentials. However, in diploma mills, the research is either absent, fake or purely self-published without any external review. This may be hard to spot, since fake journals also exist. Faculty pages with bios and research may even be stolen from legitimate universities. Buyers often use

730-535: A diploma mill qualification is legal, passing it off as an accredited one for personal gain is a crime in many jurisdictions. In some cases the diploma mill may itself be guilty of an offense , if it knew or ought to have known that the qualifications it issues are used for fraudulent purposes. Diploma mills could also be guilty of fraud if they mislead customers into believing that the qualifications they issue are accredited or recognized, or make false claims that they will lead to career advancement, and accept money on

803-552: A few moments of contemplation, beckoned into another room. Here, they are given small speaker devices that play a narration of the Korean people's grief when Kim Il Sung died. The room features bronze-like busts of people grieving. Finally, visitors go in a lift to the top floor in the white and grey marble-walled building. They are filed through a dust blowing machine and enter the rooms with the preserved remains of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il lying in state . A red rope barrier runs around

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876-492: A government appointed notary ". In reality notarization only certifies that the document was signed by the person named. Diploma mills are frequently named to sound confusingly similar to those of prestigious accredited academic institutions. Despite the fact that trademark law is intended to prevent this situation, diploma mills continue to employ various methods to avoid legal recourse . Several diploma mills have adopted British-sounding names, similar but not identical to

949-437: A per-degree basis rather than by term or by course. Diploma mills are often advertised using e-mail spam or other questionable methods. Legitimate institutions use traditional advertising and high school recruitment. Prospective students are encouraged to "enroll now" before tuition or fees are increased. They may be told that they qualify for a fellowship, scholarship or grant, or offered deals to sign up for multiple degrees at

1022-488: A profound impact on North Korea. Kim Il Sung was revered as the "Eternal President," and his leadership style and ideology shaped the nation's policies and identity. Kim Jong Il's leadership continued the legacy of his father, maintaining the same ideological and political framework, known as Juche, which emphasizes self-reliance and independence. Following the death of Kim Jong Il in December 2011, his body lay in state at

1095-688: A regional level, and there is no federal oversight. For example, in Ontario the Post-secondary Education Choice and Excellence Act, 2000 regulates degree-granting authority. Any institution that wishes to offer a degree or use the term "university" must be authorized to do so under an Act of the Legislature or by the Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities. A list of recognized Canadian higher education institutions

1168-414: A role in creating unrecognized accrediting bodies as well. These diploma and degree mills may further confuse matters by claiming to consider work history, professional education, and previous learning, and may even require the submission of a dissertation or thesis in order to give an added appearance of legitimacy. As diploma mills are typically licensed to do business , it is common practice within

1241-462: A series of long travelators (moving walkways). Until 2015, visitors had to emerge in a long hall with two white marble statues of the Kims bathed in soft red light. This was replaced by a 3D-styled portrait of the Kims with Mount Paektu in the background, with national and party flags flanking them. Marble arched columns line the hall. Visitors are told to stop at a yellow line on the floor and, after

1314-409: A thesis or dissertation for evaluation to give an appearance of authenticity. Diploma mills are frequently supported by accreditation mills set up for the purpose of providing an appearance of authenticity. Diploma mills are considered a global threat to academic integrity . The term "diploma mill" originally denotes an institution providing diplomas on an intensive and profit-making basis, like

1387-547: A traditional form of sarcophagus. Nearly 140 years after British archaeologist Alexander Rea unearthed a sarcophagus from the hillocks of Pallavaram in Tamil Nadu, an identical artifact dating back by more than 2,000 years has been discovered in the same locality. Phoenician and Paleochristian sarcophagi have been found in the Iberian Peninsula . Diploma mill A diploma mill or degree mill

1460-419: A yearly list of qualified higher-education institutions. Institutions not on the list cannot admit students or award degrees. Also, no institution may call itself a "university" or "college" without approval by a provincial-level education department. Any institution, public or private, which wishes to name itself after a geographic region larger than a province (e.g. "South China ... University") must go through

1533-566: Is a business that sells illegitimate diplomas or academic degrees , respectively. The term diploma mill is also used pejoratively to describe any educational institution with low standards for admission and graduation, low career placement rate, or low average starting salaries of its graduates. The degrees can be fabricated, falsified, or misrepresented. These businesses may claim to give credit for relevant life experience but without actual prior learning assessment programs. They may also claim to evaluate work history or require submission of

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1606-618: Is accredited by the Ministry of Education in Mozambique and the Southern African Development Community . All universities and colleges are public institutions; universities are public institutions or foundations, and vocational universities are municipal organs. There are no private higher educational institutions and no legal mechanism to found or accredit any. Universities are explicitly defined in

1679-893: Is available on the Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials website. The topic of diploma mills in Canada has been covered by the popular media since the 1970s, including in-depth investigations by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), news coverage by the Canadian Press and other mainstream media. Most, but not all, universities and colleges in the People's Republic of China are public institutions. The Ministry of Education, which has legal authority to regulate college enrollment and degree awarding, publishes

1752-545: Is independently assessed by the Agency for Development of Higher Education and Quality Assurance and formally conferred by the Ministry of Education and Science for each canton , entity or district . Only these institutions are allowed to award academic degrees and diplomas. Illegal use of academic titles or academic degrees and "non-accredited diplomas" may lead to prosecution, conviction, fines or even imprisonment. In Canada education, including higher education, falls under

1825-494: Is liable to 14 years' imprisonment. Section 76 assigns the same penalty for anyone who makes or possesses machines that create such false documents. The University Grants Commission (UGC) states, in section 22 of the University Grants Commission Act of 1956: "The right of conferring or granting degrees shall be exercised only by a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act,

1898-468: Is not accredited, see de:Missbrauch von Titeln, Berufsbezeichnungen und Abzeichen . Some corporate training programs in Germany use the English term "corporate university". Such use of the term is tolerated since it is widely understood that such programs are not actual universities. Similarly, Fachhochschulen frequently use the English term "university of applied science". Neither are permitted to use

1971-446: Is offered, the professors may themselves hold advanced degrees from the diploma mill itself or from other unaccredited institutions. They may also sport legitimate qualifications that are unrelated to the subject they teach. Doctoral theses and dissertations from the institution will not be available from University Microfilms International , a national repository, or even the institution's own library, if it has one. The address given by

2044-441: Is that they lack accreditation by a nationally recognized accrediting agency. (Note, however, that not all unaccredited institutions of higher learning are diploma mills.) Diploma mills therefore employ various tactics in an attempt to appear more legitimate to potential students. Some diploma mills claim accreditation by an accreditation mill while referring to themselves as being "fully accredited". Accreditation mills based in

2117-596: Is typically restricted. However, enforcement has sometimes been less restrictive, and an .edu domain cannot be taken as verification of school quality or reputation. Some diploma mills use an .ac top-level domain name, which resembles genuine second-level academic domain names like ac.uk but is in fact the ccTLD for Ascension Island . To prevent misuse of their names in this way, some legitimate academic institutions have registered .ac domains. Compared to legitimate institutions, diploma mills tend to have drastically lowered academic requirements, if any at all. Depending on

2190-849: The High Middle Ages often had a recumbent tomb effigy lying on the lid. More plain sarcophagi were placed in crypts. The most famous examples include the Habsburg Imperial Crypt in Vienna , Austria. The term tends to be less often used to describe Medieval, Renaissance, and later examples. In the early modern period , lack of space tended to make sarcophagi impractical in churches, but chest tombs or false sarcophagi, empty and usually bottomless cases placed over an underground burial, became popular in outside locations such as cemeteries and churchyards, especially in Britain in

2263-719: The Supreme People's Assembly on its plenary session for the year formally made a full amendment to the North Korean Constitution on the status of the palace and passed the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun Organic Law and its corresponding SPA Ordinance formally declaring the palace as a national landmark, defining its status and its mission and vision, and prepared measures to maintain it for the benefit of Koreans and foreign tourists as well as

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2336-477: The 18th and 19th centuries, where memorials were mostly not highly decorated and the extra cost of a false sarcophagus over a headstone acted as an indication of social status. Sarcophagi, usually "false", made a return to the cemeteries of America during the last quarter of the 19th century, at which time, according to a New York company which built sarcophagi, "it was decidedly the most prevalent of all memorials in our cemeteries". They continued to be popular into

2409-588: The 1950s, at which time the popularity of flat memorials (making for easier grounds maintenance) made them obsolete. Nonetheless, a 1952 catalog from the memorial industry still included eight pages of them, broken down into Georgian and Classical detail, a Gothic and Renaissance adaptation, and a Modern variant. The image shows sarcophagi from the late 19th century located in Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The one in

2482-476: The 39 academic organisations permitted to use the title "university". The use of higher education terms (such as "degree") is protected in state legislation, e.g. Higher Education (Qld) Act 2003. According to the laws on higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina the terms "university", "faculty", "academy" and "university of applied sciences" can be used only by accredited educational institutions. Accreditation

2555-563: The 3rd dynasty, which reigned from about 2686 to 2613 BC. The Hagia Triada sarcophagus is a stone sarcophagus elaborately painted in fresco ; one style of later Ancient Greek sarcophagus in painted pottery is seen in Klazomenian sarcophagi , produced around the Ionian Greek city of Klazomenai , where most examples were found, between 550 BC (Late Archaic) and 470 BC. They are made of coarse clay in shades of brown to pink. Added to

2628-588: The German word Universität . Institutions of higher Tertiary education Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα (ΑΕΙ) (universities and technical universities) and Ανώτατα Τεχνολογικά Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα (ΑΤΕΙ) (technological educational institutes / universities of applied sciences) in Greece are fully self-managed public entities and are the only institutions that can issue university diplomas. Diplomas issued by foreign educational institutions are validated and assessed by

2701-662: The Hellenic National Academic Recognition and Information Center (Hellenic NARIC). It is illegal under Hong Kong laws chapter 320 Post Secondary Colleges Ordinance section 8 to call an organisation a "university" without approval from the Chief Executive in Council. Under Hong Kong laws chapter 200 Crimes Ordinance section 73, anyone who knowingly uses false documents with the intention of inducing somebody to accept them as genuine

2774-572: The Institutes of Technologies Acts (1992–2006) to use the term "institute of technology" or "regional technology college" without permission. All public and private universities and higher education institutions must be established, or specifically recognized, by decree of the Italian Minister of Education, University and Research ; any other institution or organization is therefore not recognized and unaccredited. Under Article 135 of

2847-554: The Kumsusan Assembly Hall ( 금수산의사당 ) and served as Kim Il Sung's official residence . Following the elder Kim's death in 1994, Kim Jong Il had the building renovated and transformed into his father's mausoleum. It is believed that the conversion cost at least $ 100 million. Some sources put the figure as high as $ 900 million. Foreign visitors can access the palace only on an official government tour. Photography, videotaping, and smoking are not permitted anywhere inside

2920-459: The Ministry of Education. A new regulation forbids any new university or college from being named "national", "of China" or similar names. As of May 2015 , China has 210 diploma mills. Most universities and colleges are public institutions; universities are self-governing, but financed by the state. However, some schools, like Det Nodvendige Seminarium in Tvind provide a degree program that

2993-709: The National Framework of Qualifications. This framework was established by the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland in accordance with the Qualifications (Education and Training) Act (1999). It is illegal under the Universities Act (1997) for any body offering higher education services to use the term "university" without the permission of the Minister for Education and Science. It is likewise illegal under

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3066-697: The School Education Act, all universities and post-secondary education institutes in Japan require a government-issued licence from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Operating such an institute without a licence from MEXT can result in a fine of ¥100,000 for each offence committed. In addition, the National Institution for Academic Degrees and Quality Enhancement of Higher Education (NIAD-QE) has

3139-628: The Sun by a combined act of the North Korean cabinet and parliament, and the Workers' Party of Korea leadership, which was read aloud. A military parade by the Korean People's Army held that day in the palace grounds formally celebrated the occasion of its formal relaunch, preceded by a fireworks display. After months of renovations, on December 17, 2012, Kim Jong Il's first death anniversary,

3212-613: The United States may model their websites after real accrediting agencies overseen by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). Another typical ploy is for mills to claim to be internationally recognized by organizations such as UNESCO . UNESCO has no authority to recognize or accredit higher education institutions or agencies, and has published warnings against education organizations that claim UNESCO recognition or affiliation. Some diploma and degree mills have played

3285-458: The Universities Act. Other than universities proper, technical universities (known in Finland as AMK, ammattikorkeakoulu ), officially called "Universities of Applied Sciences" in English, can be established with permission from the cabinet . The degrees are protected by law. The list of AMKs can be viewed from the Ministry of Education website. For purposes of professional qualification,

3358-502: The age of 82. His death was officially announced to the North Korean public and the world two days later, on July 10, 1994. Kim Il Sung's death led to a significant period of mourning in North Korea. The transition of power to his son, Kim Jong Il, had been carefully planned for many years. Kim Jong Il had already been involved in key government and military roles, preparing him to take over the leadership. The death of Kim Il Sung had

3431-529: The back, the Warner Monument created by Alexander Milne Calder (1879), features the spirit or soul of the deceased being released. In the Mekong Delta in southwestern Vietnam, it is common for families to inter their members in sarcophagi near their homes, thus allowing ready access for visits as a part of the indigenous tradition of ancestor worship . In Sulawesi , Indonesia, waruga are

3504-520: The basin-like main sarcophagus is a broad, rectangular frame, often covered with a white slip and then painted. The huge Lycian Tomb of Payava , now in the British Museum , is a royal tomb monument of about 360 BC designed for an open-air placing, a grand example of a common Lycian style. Ancient Roman sarcophagi —sometimes metal or plaster as well as limestone —were popular from about the reign of Trajan , and often elaborately carved, until

3577-458: The basis of these claims. Similar to tax havens , diploma mills frequently employ jurisdiction shopping , operating in another country or legal jurisdiction where running diploma mills is legal, standards are lax or prosecution is unlikely. Splitting the business across jurisdictions can be a way to avoid authorities. A school might operate in one jurisdiction but use a mailing address in a different jurisdiction, for example. Author John Bear ,

3650-413: The degree which is awarded. In other cases professors may serve only to write compliments to the student that can be given as references. Since diploma mills provide little in the way of teaching, there is usually no need for teaching facilities. The school tends to have no library, personnel, publications or research. In short, very little that is tangible can be found about the institution. If teaching

3723-411: The diplomas to claim academic credentials for use in securing employment. For example, a schoolteacher might buy a degree from a diploma mill in order to advance to superintendent . Degrees from a diploma mill can be obtained within a few days, weeks or months from the time of enrollment, and back-dating is possible. Academic credit may be offered for "life experience," a point often featured heavily in

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3796-493: The duties of the citizens of North Korea towards this memorial edifice. Sarcophagus A sarcophagus ( pl. : sarcophagi or sarcophaguses ) is a coffin , most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word sarcophagus comes from the Greek σάρξ sarx meaning "flesh", and φαγεῖν phagein meaning "to eat"; hence sarcophagus means "flesh-eating", from

3869-526: The early Christian burial preference for interment underground, often in a limestone sepulchre , led to their falling out of favor. However, there are many important Early Christian sarcophagi from the 3rd to 4th centuries. Most Roman examples were designed to be placed against a wall and are decorated on three sides only. Sarcophagi continued to be used in Christian Europe for important figures, especially rulers and leading church figures, and by

3942-526: The early morning of 8 July 1994, Kim Il Sung collapsed in Hyangsan from a sudden heart attack. After the heart attack, his son Kim Jong Il ordered the team of doctors who were constantly at his father's side to leave, and arranged for the country's best doctors to be flown in from Pyongyang. This move was likely an attempt to secure the highest level of medical care in an effort to save Kim Il Sung. Despite these efforts, Kim Il Sung passed away on July 8, 1994, at

4015-660: The former East Germany , Gustáv Husák of the former Czechoslovakia , Wojciech Jaruzelski of Poland , Todor Zhivkov of Bulgaria , János Kádár of Hungary , Fidel Castro of Cuba , Josip Broz Tito of former Yugoslavia , Houari Boumediene of Algeria , Moktar Ould Daddah of Mauritania and Yasser Arafat of Palestine , as well as several former Soviet leaders , including Joseph Stalin , Nikita Khrushchev , Leonid Brezhnev , Konstantin Chernenko , Mikhail Gorbachev and many other well-known people including Che Guevara and former U.S. president Jimmy Carter . On

4088-550: The industry to misrepresent their business license as indicating government approval of the institution. Promotional materials may use words denoting a legal status such as "licensed", "state authorized", or "state-approved" to suggest an equivalence to accreditation. Some advertise other indicators of authenticity that are not relevant to academic credentials. For example, the University of Northern Washington advertises that its degrees are "attested and sealed for authenticity by

4161-625: The institution, students may be required to purchase textbooks, take tests, and submit homework, but degrees are commonly conferred after little or no study. Instead of " hard sciences ", where competence is easier to verify, the subjects offered by a diploma mill are often esoteric and may be based on a pseudoscience like astrology or naturopathy . Such subjects are only vaguely defined, making external verification of educational standards difficult. Degree mills typically offer little or no interaction with professors. Even if comments and corrections to coursework are given, they may have no bearing on

4234-412: The jurisdiction of provincial and territorial governments. Many of the public universities are established by provincial legislation which also confers degree granting authority upon the institution. However, private postsecondary institutions are also required to comply with applicable legislation in order to confer degrees and diplomas. Provincial or regional quality assurance bodies oversee education at

4307-516: The names of legitimate universities, apparently to take advantage of the United Kingdom's reputation for educational quality in other parts of the world. Some examples of British-sounding names used by diploma mills are "Shaftesbury University", "University of Dunham", "Redding University", and "Suffield University". The school's website may well not have an .edu domain, or other country-specific equivalent, since registration of such names

4380-525: The palace for 10 days. Following this period, on 28 December 2011, the palace served as the start and end point for a 40-kilometre (25 mi) funeral procession lasting three hours. The procession marked the first day of a two-day funeral ceremony. Reportedly, Russian experts were brought to the mausoleum to embalm Kim Jong Il's body for permanent display in the same manner of his father and other former Communist leaders such as Vladimir Lenin , Mao Zedong , Ho Chi Minh , and Joseph Stalin (until 1961 when he

4453-457: The palace was officially reopened to the public in a ceremony. The preserved remains of Kim Jong Il are now shown to the public in a separate room, as well as several items related to him and documents made by him personally. The palace contains exhibits of his personal vehicles, outfits, and medals and decorations, which have now been added to the expanded collection as part of a reorganization. The wide empty foyer, formerly used in state ceremonies,

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4526-478: The palace. The palace plaza, though, is open all week, and is a venue for national rallies. The building is accessed via an underpass adjacent to a tram stop across the road. Upon entering the building, visitors (both foreigners and North Korean tourists) have to walk over a shoe cleaning device, are asked to check all personal belongings except their wallets in a cloak room, and are given a numbered ticket to claim their belongings when leaving. Visitors proceed along

4599-431: The phrase lithos sarkophagos ( λίθος σαρκοφάγος ), "flesh-eating stone". The word also came to refer to a particular kind of limestone that was thought to rapidly facilitate the decomposition of the flesh of corpses contained within it due to the chemical properties of the limestone itself. Sarcophagi were most often designed to remain above ground. The earliest stone sarcophagi were used by Egyptian pharaohs of

4672-477: The relevant government minister, the Minister for Education (as of May 2010 ). The corporate regulator Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) places strict controls on corporations wishing to use the term "university" and if the applicant does not intend to provide education services the name must not imply a connection with an existing university. The Corporations Regulations 2001 lists

4745-459: The same time. Promotional literature might contain grammatical and spelling errors, words in Latin, extravagant or pretentious language, and sample diplomas. Some schools' websites may look amateurish or unprofessional, although other diploma mills use appealing websites. Degrees and diplomas issued by diploma mills have been used to obtain employment, raises, or clients. Even if issuing or receiving

4818-467: The sarcophagus of Kim Jong Il, and rooms wherein similar memorabilia of him can be seen. Adjoining rooms are filled with some of Kim Il Sung's possessions, as well as gifts and awards he received from around the world . There are no signs or information in Korean here. Awards include degree certificates, only one of which is from a Western university: Kensington University in California. (Kensington

4891-405: The selling points of the institution. This should not be confused with legitimate programs offering recognition of prior learning , which allow students to gain academic credit based on past training, experience or independent study. This will usually require a test that the student can fail; in most cases, a diploma mill will grant the degree regardless of results. Tuition and fees are charged on

4964-408: The transparent crystal sarcophagus. Visitors are sent in groups of four and are told to bow at Kim Il Sung's feet, to his left, and then right side. Visitors then file into a museum room containing awards and honours given to Kim in his lifetime by foreign countries, universities, friendship associations, etc. This sequence is then repeated on the lower level where a nearly identical set of rooms contain

5037-403: The use of foreign degree qualifications is regulated: if the name of a degree can be confused with a Finnish degree that requires more academic credit, the confusion must be eliminated. Several diploma mills have operated in Finland, and countermeasures in university admissions have become necessary. There are no laws against conferring unaccredited degrees or degrees accredited abroad, as long as

5110-898: Was an unaccredited university , typically considered to be a diploma mill , which, following two years of attempts to close it, was ordered to close by a California regulator in 1996, reopened the same year in Hawaii, and dissolved by a Hawaiian court in 2003.) A peace medal from Japan lies next to his Medal "For the Victory over Japan" awarded to him by the Soviet Union . The room has large paintings and photographs of Kim Il Sung meeting world leaders during their visits to North Korea and during Kim's trips abroad, such as Hosni Mubarak of Egypt , Colonel Muammar Gaddafi of Libya , CCP Chairman Mao Zedong of China , Nicolae Ceaușescu of Romania , General Secretary and Chairman Erich Honecker of

5183-403: Was built in 2019 and used by Chinese leader Xi Jinping and the older, Paekhwawon Guesthouse ( 39°02′48″N 125°48′38″E  /  39.046631806°N 125.81060982°E  / 39.046631806; 125.81060982 ), which was used by South Korean president Moon Jae-in , U.S. secretary of state Mike Pompeo and Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov . The palace was built in 1976 as

5256-487: Was buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis ). On 12 January 2012, the North Korean government confirmed that Kim Jong Il's preserved remains would be put on permanent display in the palace and announced plans to erect a new Kim Jong Il statue and construct "towers to his immortality". On 16 February 2012, the 70th anniversary of Kim Jong Il's birth, the building was formally renamed the Kumsusan Palace of

5329-421: Was turned into a park with fountains and walkways for the enjoyment of visitors. A plaza is now at its center. In addition to internal improvements, the palace grounds were renovated and turned into an expansive park and flower garden for the benefit of visitors. The construction and design of the park was reportedly directed by Kim Jong Un. The park grounds are open to locals and visitors alike. On 2 April 2013,

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