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89-506: Fandom Forward was founded in 2005 as The Harry Potter Alliance by comedian Andrew Slack and the wizard rock band Harry and the Potters , initially collecting donations for Amnesty International at their shows. In 2006, the organization partnered with Walmart Watch to create a series of YouTube videos about the "Dark Lord Waldemart" in order to educate fans about Walmart's labour practices. The three videos have been viewed nearly three and

178-591: A natural monopoly . The FCC controlled telephone rates and imposed other restrictions under Title II to limit the profits of AT&T and ensure nondiscriminatory pricing. In the 1960s, the FCC began allowing other long-distance companies, namely MCI, to offer specialized services. In the 1970s, the FCC allowed other companies to expand offerings to the public. A lawsuit in 1982 led by the Justice Department after AT&T underpriced other companies, resulted in

267-604: A "chief" that is appointed by the chair of the commission. Bureaus process applications for licenses and other filings, analyze complaints, conduct investigations, develop and implement regulations, and participate in hearings . The FCC has twelve staff offices. The FCC's offices provide support services to the bureaus. The FCC leases space in the Sentinel Square III building in northeast Washington, D.C. Prior to moving to its new headquarters in October 2020,

356-511: A campaign dedicated to making sure more girls have access to education and opportunities to change the world. Fandom Forward partnered with She's the First and kicked off the campaign with an unusual Hogwarts letter to prompt conversations about why making sure every girl can go to school and be a leader is important. During the campaign Fandom Forward fundraised for scholarships for STF scholars, and helped to raise $ 43,045, donating enough for She's

445-548: A half million times total. In 2007, Fandom Forward broadcast a special edition of PotterCast , a popular fandom podcast, called "Becoming Dumbledore's Army: Harry Potter Fans for Darfur," to educate fans about genocide in Darfur . They partnered with STAND, a student branch of the Genocide Intervention Network , and asked members to participate in the annual STANDFast project by giving up one luxury for

534-456: A local house party. In April 2005, Matt Maggiacomo invited Harry and the Potters to play at an all-Harry Potter show at his Rhode Island home. That night, Maggiacomo made his debut as The Whomping Willows , and his friends, Mehlenbacher and his brother, Brian Ross, played for the first time as Draco and the Malfoys . There were also festivals focused on the genre such as Wrockstock , which

623-432: A network could demand any time it wanted from a Network affiliate . The second concerned artist bureaus. The networks served as both agents and employers of artists, which was a conflict of interest the report rectified. In assigning television stations to various cities after World War II , the FCC found that it placed many stations too close to each other, resulting in interference. At the same time, it became clear that

712-705: A new Federal Communications Commission, including in it also the telecommunications jurisdiction previously handled by the Interstate Commerce Commission. Title II of the Communications Act focused on telecommunications using many concepts borrowed from railroad legislation and Title III contained provisions very similar to the Radio Act of 1927 . The initial organization of the FCC was effected July 17, 1934, in three divisions, Broadcasting, Telegraph, and Telephone. Each division

801-410: A situation he found "perplexing". These efforts later were documented in a 2015 Harvard Case Study. In 2017, Christine Calvosa replaced Bray as the acting CIO of FCC. On January 4, 2023, the FCC voted unanimously to create a newly formed Space Bureau and Office of International Affairs within the agency, replacing the existing International Bureau. FCC chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel explained that

890-414: A total of $ 94,803 from 2,289 donors across the globe for their equality-related initiatives. They nearly doubled their goal of $ 50,000. Donors gave money in exchange for exclusive perks from people such as John and Hank Green , Potter Puppet Pals , Evanna Lynch , LeakyCon , StarKid and more. They have repeated the fundraiser each fall since, raising over $ 180,000 in 2013 and over $ 150,000 in 2014. At

979-693: A total of 31,081 books to 71 literacy programs, including schools, community centers, libraries, and children's hospitals. Over the summer of 2020, Fandom Forward completed over 650 actions to reunite families and worked with Never Again Action to disrupt I.C.E. 's "Citizen's Academy" efforts in Chicago. When I.C.E. wanted to recruit regular people for a propaganda program to teach "awareness and appreciation" for ICE's deportation work, and train them on "firearms familiarization and targeted arrests," Fandom Forward responded by flooding them with fake applications. In

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1068-491: A video to the organization's YouTube channel explaining that he was an undocumented immigrant. The organization partnered with Define American and later launched their "Superman Is an Immigrant" campaign, inviting members to tell their families' immigration stories and change the conversation about immigration reform. Later that year, Fandom Forward ran a fundraiser entitled Equality for the Win, or Equality FTW, on Indiegogo raising

1157-636: A viral video consisting of many well-known figures speaking out for the cause, several of the people who took part were John Green , Hank Green , Wil Wheaton , Maureen Johnson and Adam Savage . In this video they all urged the Federal Communications Commission to preserve net neutrality. In the months leading up to the final Harry Potter film release, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 , Fandom Forward launched their Deathly Hallows campaign. Each month,

1246-628: A week and donating the money they saved to STAND to benefit civilians in Darfur. The effort raised $ 15,000 for STAND. They also joined the 24 Hours for Darfur project, which sought to make a 24-hour video of individuals speaking out against the genocide in Darfur, by asking members to submit videos as fans. When CNN.com's asked for submissions of fans showing their love for Harry Potter to their iReporter site, Fandom Forward asked members to upload submissions showing their love for Harry Potter while holding signs that said, "Save Darfur." Then, in 2008, Fandom Forward asked members to withhold support for sponsors of

1335-655: A wider repertoire of music (notably Led Zeppelin to The Lord of the Rings ), wizard rock bands take their inspiration entirely from the Harry Potter universe. When performing live, wizard rock bands often cosplay , or dress as, characters from the novels. Some bands perform at fan conventions. The earliest Harry Potter-themed song is conventionally traced to 2000 when the Los Angeles-based pop-punk band Switchblade Kittens released an "Ode to Harry" from

1424-545: Is an independent agency of the United States government that regulates communications by radio , television , wire, satellite , and cable across the United States. The FCC maintains jurisdiction over the areas of broadband access , fair competition , radio frequency use, media responsibility, public safety, and homeland security . The FCC was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 to replace

1513-556: Is funded entirely by regulatory fees. It has an estimated fiscal-2022 budget of US $ 388 million. It has 1,482 federal employees as of July 2020. The FCC's mission, specified in Section One of the Communications Act of 1934 and amended by the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (amendment to 47 U.S.C. §151), is to "make available so far as possible, to all the people of the United States, without discrimination on

1602-527: The 2008 Summer Olympics who were "implicitly funding the genocide in Darfur through overseas investments." In conjunction with the release of the Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince film in 2009, the organization launched a "What Would Dumbledore Do" campaign, asking fans to tweet about the lessons they learned from Harry Potter's headmaster Albus Dumbledore using #dumbledore, attend

1691-711: The Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 sponsored by then-Senator Sam Brownback , a former broadcaster himself, and endorsed by Congressman Fred Upton of Michigan who authored a similar bill in the United States House of Representatives . The new law stiffens the penalties for each violation of the Act. The Federal Communications Commission will be able to impose fines in the amount of $ 325,000 for each violation by each station that violates decency standards. The legislation raised

1780-729: The LeakyCon held in London in 2013, Fandom Forward created the Apparating Library, a program where attendees donate one book to the library and receive a voucher to come back another day during the convention to redeem their voucher for a different book. The library has since been present at other large fan events, such as LeakyCon and VidCon . In 2014 as part of their annual Accio Books campaign, they created an Apparating Library in Detroit, Michigan, to distribute books donated through

1869-631: The Nerdfighter community. In June 2010, Fandom Forward competed against 10,000 other charitable organizations to win a grant from the Chase Community Giving Contest on Facebook. They received 38,689 votes to win the first place grant of $ 250,000. The money received from this grant went towards expanding their reach and improving their literacy and LGBT rights programs. In June 2010, Fandom Forward and Savetheinternet.com joined to campaign for net neutrality . They launched

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1958-504: The United States Senate for five-year terms, except when filling an unexpired term. The U.S. president designates one of the commissioners to serve as chairman. No more than three commissioners may be members of the same political party . None of them may have a financial interest in any FCC-related business. Commissioners may continue serving until the appointment of their replacements. However, they may not serve beyond

2047-494: The breakup of the Bell System from AT&T. Beginning in 1984, the FCC implemented a new goal that all long-distance companies had equal access to the local phone companies' customers. Effective January 1, 1984, the Bell System's many member-companies were variously merged into seven independent "Regional Holding Companies", also known as Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), or "Baby Bells". This divestiture reduced

2136-457: The 1960s All-Channel Receiver Act ), to make UHF viable against entrenched VHF stations. In markets where there were no VHF stations and UHF was the only TV service available, UHF survived. In other markets, which were too small to financially support a television station, too close to VHF outlets in nearby cities, or where UHF was forced to compete with more than one well-established VHF station, UHF had little chance for success. Denver had been

2225-762: The Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, and made substantial modifications to Title VI in the Cable Television and Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992. Further modifications to promote cross-modal competition (telephone, video, etc.) were made in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, leading to the current regulatory structure. Broadcast television and radio stations are subject to FCC regulations including restrictions against indecency or obscenity. The Supreme Court has repeatedly held, beginning soon after

2314-504: The Deathly Hallows campaign, Fandom Forward also partnered with ReachOut.com to fight the effects of depression and the "dementor horcrux," challenged harmful body image, incorporated an Accio Books! book drive, teamed up with Marriage Equality Rhode Island and the Gay-Straight Alliance on marriage equality and bullying, and worked with Splashlife to address climate crises. On July 31, 2012, staff member Julian Gomez posted

2403-522: The FCC a legal basis for imposing net neutrality rules (see below), after earlier attempts to impose such rules on an "information service" had been overturned in court. In 2005, the FCC formally established the following principles: To encourage broadband deployment and preserve and promote the open and interconnected nature of the public Internet, Consumers are entitled to access the lawful Internet content of their choice; Consumers are entitled to run applications and use services of their choice, subject to

2492-587: The FCC in the newly created post of associate general counsel/chief diversity officer. Numerous controversies have surrounded the city of license concept as the internet has made it possible to broadcast a single signal to every owned station in the nation at once, particularly when Clear Channel, now IHeartMedia , became the largest FM broadcasting corporation in the US after the Telecommunications Act of 1996 became law - owning over 1,200 stations at its peak. As part of its license to buy more radio stations, Clear Channel

2581-437: The FCC indicated that the public largely believed that the severe consolidation of media ownership had resulted in harm to diversity, localism, and competition in media, and was harmful to the public interest. David A. Bray joined the commission in 2013 as chief information officer and quickly announced goals of modernizing the FCC's legacy information technology (IT) systems, citing 200 different systems for only 1750 people

2670-563: The FCC leased space in the Portals building in southwest Washington, D.C. Construction of the Portals building was scheduled to begin on March 1, 1996. In January 1996, the General Services Administration signed a lease with the building's owners, agreeing to let the FCC lease 450,000 sq ft (42,000 m ) of space in Portals for 20 years, at a cost of $ 17.3 million per year in 1996 dollars. Prior to

2759-403: The FCC said that nearly 55 million Americans did not have access to broadband capable of delivering high-quality voice, data, graphics and video offerings. On February 26, 2015, the FCC reclassified broadband Internet access as a telecommunications service, thus subjecting it to Title II regulation, although several exemptions were also created. The reclassification was done in order to give

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2848-459: The FCC's re-allocation map of stations did not come until April 1952, with July 1, 1952, as the official beginning of licensing new stations. Other FCC actions hurt the fledgling DuMont and ABC networks. American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) forced television coaxial cable users to rent additional radio long lines , discriminating against DuMont, which had no radio network operation. DuMont and ABC protested AT&T's television policies to

2937-514: The FCC, which regulated AT&T's long-line charges, but the commission took no action. The result was that financially marginal DuMont was spending as much in long-line charge as CBS or NBC while using only about 10 to 15 percent of the time and mileage of either larger network. The FCC's "Sixth Report & Order" ended the Freeze. It took five years for the US to grow from 108 stations to more than 550. New stations came on line slowly, only five by

3026-573: The First to support eight girls in attending school, working with a mentor, and graduating. Fandom Forward also started Wizard Activist School, a free, at-your-own-pace, online school for new and experienced activists to hone their organizing skills. Through Wizard Activist School, Fandom Forward has trained over 700 new activists. In July 2019, I.C.E. announced major immigration raids in ten U.S. cities: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Houston, Denver, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Baltimore, Chicago and Atlanta. In response, Fandom Forward rolled out their Stop

3115-460: The Internet, cable services and wireless services has raised questions whether new legislative initiatives are needed as to competition in what has come to be called 'broadband' services. Congress has monitored developments but as of 2009 has not undertaken a major revision of applicable regulation. The Local Community Radio Act in the 111th Congress has gotten out of committee and will go before

3204-669: The Netherlands, and England. Started in 2014, the Granger Leadership Academy is a unique annual leadership conference for fan activists. Fans and progressive organizers come together for four days to engage in Fandom Forward's "Narrative Leadership Model," a model where attendees learn real world community organizing skills through a series of workshops and keynotes that follow the Hero's Journey . Time at

3293-722: The Neville Fights Back campaign, Fandom Forward encouraged people to fight back against hatred and stand up for immigrants with Dumbledore's Army Fights Back. In 2018, the Fandom Forward partnered with the ACLU , Define American, the Northwest Community Center in Dallas, and more to raise thousands of dollars for legal aid for immigrants. Fans publicly recognized native land, created plans to vote, wrote welcome letters to newly resettled refugees, made calls to

3382-567: The Portals, the FCC had space in six buildings at and around 19th Street NW and M Street NW. The FCC first solicited bids for a new headquarters complex in 1989. In 1991 the GSA selected the Portals site. The FCC had wanted to move into a more expensive area along Pennsylvania Avenue . In 1934, Congress passed the Communications Act , which abolished the Federal Radio Commission and transferred jurisdiction over radio licensing to

3471-422: The Potters and Draco and the Malfoys . Although most listeners of the genre are fans of Harry Potter , some bands have attracted listeners outside of the books' fanbase. Wizard rock songs are often written from the point of view of a particular character in the books, usually the character who features in the band's name. In contrast to mainstream bands that have some songs incorporating literary references among

3560-771: The Snatchers workshops for nearly 200 fans. At these hour-long workshops, Fandom Forward brought activists from RAICES , Never Again Action , and the Boston Immigration Justice Accompaniment Network to LeakyCon Dallas and LeakyCon Boston to teach these fans how to take action for immigrant rights. In 2019, Fandom Forward also developed four distinct actions aligned with the Hogwarts Houses so that everyone felt encouraged to get involved in immigrant justice. Gryffindors planned and attended protests and submitted letters to

3649-492: The United States accelerated an already ongoing shift in the FCC towards a decidedly more market-oriented stance. A number of regulations felt to be outdated were removed, most controversially the Fairness Doctrine in 1987. In terms of indecency fines, there was no action taken by the FCC on the case FCC v. Pacifica until 1987, about ten years after the landmark United States Supreme Court decision that defined

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3738-475: The annual Project for Awesome . Emerson Spartz , founder of MuggleNet , has embraced Fandom Forward. "As readers we get very emotional when werewolves and house elves are being discriminated against," he describes. Fandom Forward "shows how those feelings can relate to real problems that we can solve." Researcher Henry Jenkins said, "[Fandom Forward] has created a new form of civic engagement which allows participants to reconcile their activist identities with

3827-637: The annual Accio Books campaign, members have now donated over 400,000 books worldwide, with the most recent being Anne Beers Elementary School in Washington D.C. in 2020. On June 8, 2021, partly in response to Rowling's remarks critical of transgender people, the Harry Potter Alliance changed its name to Fandom Forward. The change also aimed to reflect its community better, because it also included fans of non- Harry Potter media. Fandom Forward has chapters in more than 30 countries around

3916-422: The basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, rapid, efficient, nationwide, and world-wide wire and radio communication services with adequate facilities at reasonable charges." The act furthermore provides that the FCC was created "for the purpose of the national defense" and "for the purpose of promoting safety of life and property through the use of wire and radio communications." Consistent with

4005-572: The book value of AT&T by approximately 70%. The FCC initially exempted "information services" such as broadband Internet access from regulation under Title II. The FCC held that information services were distinct from telecommunications services that are subject to common carrier regulation. However, Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 required the FCC to help accelerate deployment of "advanced telecommunications capability" which included high-quality voice, data, graphics, and video, and to regularly assess its availability. In August 2015,

4094-745: The books to communities in need across the Mississippi Delta , the Imagine Better library at Bedford-Stuvyesant New Beginnings Charter School, Read Indeed, Books For Kids , and other local organizations. Since 2013, they have partnered with the International Quidditch Association and NaNoWriMo for the campaign. After the 2010 earthquake in Haiti , Fandom Forward partnered with Partners In Health and other fan communities to create Helping Heal Haiti. With

4183-444: The campaign. With the release of The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013), The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 (2014), and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 2 (2015) Fandom Forward launched their on-going Odds In Our Favor campaign, focused on economic justice. The campaign encouraged fans to hijack Lionsgate's social media marketing with three-finger salutes and discussion of real-world economic inequality. Wired described

4272-444: The commission in 1934 comprised the following seven members: The complete list of commissioners is available on the FCC website. Frieda B. Hennock (D-NY) was the first female commissioner of the FCC in 1948. The FCC regulates broadcast stations, repeater stations as well as commercial broadcasting operators who operate and repair certain radiotelephone , radio and television stations. Broadcast licenses are to be renewed if

4361-620: The conference always concludes with attendees partnering with local and national organizations for a series of actions to create real change. Past GLA action partners have included Sunrise, the American Library Association , Borderlinks, Raise the Age Missouri, and more. The GLA has been hosted in Auburn, AL (2014), Warwick, RI (2016), St. Louis, MO (2017), Tucson, AZ (2018), and Philadelphia, PA (2019). In 2020, GLA

4450-414: The conversion, Congress established a federally sponsored DTV Converter Box Coupon Program for two free converters per household. The FCC regulates telecommunications services under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934. Title II imposes common carrier regulation under which carriers offering their services to the general public must provide services to all customers and may not discriminate based on

4539-427: The designated VHF channels, 2 through 13, were inadequate for nationwide television service. As a result, the FCC stopped giving out construction permits for new licenses in October 1948, under the direction of Chairman Rosel H. Hyde . Most expected this "Freeze" to last six months, but as the allocation of channels to the emerging UHF technology and the eagerly awaited possibilities of color television were debated,

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4628-613: The editor. Ravenclaws researched to help create a database, DA Fights Back Near You . Hufflepuffs then used that database to find and support immigrant-led and immigrant-serving organizations near them. The same year, Fandom Forward partnered with Reading is Fundamental to send books to three partner sites: San Ardo Union Elementary School in San Ardo, CA, Bernie's Book in Chicago, and The Book Fairies in New York City. Fandom Forward sent nearly 8,000 books to our partner sites, and

4717-421: The end of November 1952. The Sixth Report and Order required some existing television stations to change channels, but only a few existing VHF stations were required to move to UHF, and a handful of VHF channels were deleted altogether in smaller media markets like Peoria , Fresno , Bakersfield and Fort Wayne, Indiana to create markets which were UHF "islands." The report also set aside a number of channels for

4806-413: The end of the next session of Congress following term expiration. In practice, this means that commissioners may serve up to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 years beyond the official term expiration listed above if no replacement is appointed. This would end on the date that Congress adjourns its annual session, generally no later than noon on January 3. The FCC is organized into seven bureaus, each headed by

4895-489: The end of the digital television transition. After delaying the original deadlines of 2006, 2008, and eventually February 17, 2009, on concerns about elderly and rural folk, on June 12, 2009, all full-power analog terrestrial TV licenses in the U.S. were terminated as part of the DTV transition , leaving terrestrial television available only from digital channels and a few low-power LPTV stations. To help U.S. consumers through

4984-516: The ethical sourcing of Potter chocolate, but he was met with the comment that they are satisfied with the practices of the company they are using to source the chocolate. On January 13, 2015, the Washington Post reported that Warner Bros. had committed to ensuring by the end of 2015 that "'all Harry Potter chocolate products sold at Warner Bros. outlets and through our licensed partners will be 100-percent UTZ or Fair Trade certified.'" During

5073-459: The film release wearing a nametag with one thing Dumbledore taught them, and apply those lessons in their lives. Fandom Forward also began its now-annual Accio Books! campaign in 2009, collecting over 13,000 books for their partner Agohozo Shalom Youth Village in Rwanda . Since then, the annual drive has collected over 86,000 books, benefiting The Delta Center for Culture and Learning who distributed

5162-423: The fine ten times over the previous maximum of $ 32,500 per violation. The FCC has established rules limiting the national share of media ownership of broadcast radio or television stations. It has also established cross-ownership rules limiting ownership of a newspaper and broadcast station in the same market, in order to ensure a diversity of viewpoints in each market and serve the needs of each local market. In

5251-598: The first post-Freeze construction permits. KFEL (now KWGN-TV )'s first regular telecast was on July 21, 1952. In 1996, Congress enacted the Telecommunications Act of 1996 , in the wake of the breakup of AT&T resulting from the U.S. Department of Justice's antitrust suit against AT&T. The legislation attempted to create more competition in local telephone service by requiring Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers to provide access to their facilities for Competitive Local Exchange Carriers . This policy has thus far had limited success and much criticism. The development of

5340-614: The fundraiser each fall since. Fandom Forward is also a frequent grant winner from the Project4Awesome . The Granger Leadership Academy has been sponsored by ActBlue , Mischief Management , the Ford Foundation, the American Library Association , and more. Fandom Forward has received significant support from the Vlogbrothers , John Green and Hank Green . Fandom Forward is a frequent favorite for donations from

5429-489: The government to protect immigrants, and held a Wizard Rock show to #ReuniteEveryChild. In 2019 Fandom Forward partnered with RAICES to host a series of actions to defend and support immigrants, including hosting and attending multiple protests to #CloseTheCamps, a letter to the editor campaign, and creating an open source database for wizard activists to find immigrant-serving organizations to volunteer with locally. In Fall 2017, Fandom Forward began "A World Without Hermione",

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5518-705: The help of partners, the Wizard Rock community, Maureen Johnson , John and Hank Green , Fandom Forward auctioned over 100 items including the Harry Potter books. In two weeks, Fandom Forward raised over $ 123,000 for Partners in Health In Haiti. The money raised helped Partners in Health charter five planes to Haiti full of medical supplies. The planes were named after characters in the Harry Potter series and DFTBA ("Don't Forget To Be Awesome") in honor of

5607-435: The house floor with bi-partisan support, and unanimous support of the FCC. By passing the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Congress also eliminated the cap on the number of radio stations any one entity could own nationwide and also substantially loosened local radio station ownership restrictions. Substantial radio consolidation followed. Restrictions on ownership of television stations were also loosened. Public comments to

5696-446: The identity of the customer or the content of the communication. This is similar to and adapted from the regulation of transportation providers (railroad, airline, shipping, etc.) and some public utilities. Wireless carriers providing telecommunications services are also generally subject to Title II regulation except as exempted by the FCC. The FCC regulates interstate telephone services under Title II. The Telecommunications Act of 1996

5785-527: The largest U.S. city without a TV station by 1952. Senator Edwin Johnson (D-Colorado), chair of the Senate's Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee , had made it his personal mission to make Denver the first post-Freeze station. The senator had pressured the FCC, and proved ultimately successful as the first new station (a VHF station) came on-line a remarkable ten days after the commission formally announced

5874-492: The move was done to improve the FCC's "coordination across the federal government" and to "support the 21st-century satellite industry." The decision to establish the Space Bureau was reportedly done to improve the agency's capacity to regulate Satellite Internet access . The new bureau officially launched on April 11, 2023. The commissioners of the FCC are: The initial group of FCC commissioners after establishment of

5963-674: The movies' soundtracks. As of 2021, there remains a small but active wizard rock scene. Notable events include the Wrock from Home and O.W.L. Fest online music festivals; the annual Wizard Rock Sampler compilation series; and websites such as Wizrocklopedia and the Facebook group "Wizard Rock Revival" see much activity, with dozens of active musical acts and thousands of fans. Bandcamp currently features many wizard rock releases from past and current bands. Federal Communications Commission The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC )

6052-503: The negative effects of media concentration and consolidation on racial-ethnic diversity in staffing and programming. At these Latino town hall meetings, the issue of the FCC's lax monitoring of obscene and pornographic material in Spanish-language radio and the lack of racial and national-origin diversity among Latino staff in Spanish-language television were other major themes. President Barack Obama appointed Mark Lloyd to

6141-482: The newly emerging field of educational television , which hindered struggling ABC and DuMont 's quest for affiliates in the more desirable markets where VHF channels were reserved for non-commercial use. The Sixth Report and Order also provided for the "intermixture" of VHF and UHF channels in most markets; UHF transmitters in the 1950s were not yet powerful enough, nor receivers sensitive enough (if they included UHF tuners at all - they were not formally required until

6230-473: The objectives of the act as well as the 1999 Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), the FCC has identified four goals in its 2018–22 Strategic Plan. They are: Closing the Digital Divide, Promoting Innovation, Protecting Consumers & Public Safety, and Reforming the FCC's Processes. The FCC is directed by five commissioners appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by

6319-806: The organization highlighted a different "horcrux," or injustice, for members to work to end. The first horcrux, "Starvation Wages," focused on inhumane working conditions in the chocolate industry and asked that the Harry Potter themed chocolate frogs made by Warner Brothers be fair-trade certified. This later developed into Fandom Forward's currently on-going "Not in Harry's Name" campaign. According to their website, an independent report gave Harry Potter chocolate an "F" in human rights. Executive director Andrew Slack personally reached out to Warner Bros. CEO Barry M. Meyer about Fandom Forward's concerns, and Meyer responded with comments about their commitment to ethical sourcing. Slack reached out again to discuss ways to ensure

6408-584: The passage of the Communications Act of 1934, that the inherent scarcity of radio spectrum allows the government to impose some types of content restrictions on broadcast license holders notwithstanding the First Amendment. Cable and satellite providers are also subject to some content regulations under Title VI of the Communications Act such as the prohibition on obscenity, although the limitations are not as restrictive compared to broadcast stations. The 1981 inauguration of Ronald Reagan as President of

6497-473: The perspective of Ginny Weasley . Harry and the Potters originated the Harry Potter-themed band, which became the genesis of a fandom -centered genre of music called wizard rock. As Harry and the Potters increased in popularity, other wizard rock bands emerged. Brian Ross and Bradley Mehlenbacher originally conceived Draco and the Malfoys as a parody of Harry and the Potters performing at

6586-550: The pleasurable fantasies that brought the fan community together in the first place." Wizard rock Wizard rock (or Wrock ) is an evolving type of novelty rock music and filk music themed around the Harry Potter franchise. The music was largely prevalent in the United States in the early 2000s. Wizard rock initially started in Massachusetts with Harry and the Potters , though it has grown internationally. Leading bands in this genre include Harry and

6675-441: The political process without being able to vote. In December 2016, Fandom Forward launched Neville Fights Back, a movement dedicated to resisting bigotry and hate in communities. The campaign encouraged individuals to stand up and defend what they believed in from education, to immigration, to healthcare, to saving library funding, while also encouraging people to stay informed about what was going on in their communities. Following

6764-473: The power of the FCC over indecent material as applied to broadcasting. After the 1990s had passed, the FCC began to increase its censorship and enforcement of indecency regulations in the early 2000s to include a response to the Janet Jackson " wardrobe malfunction " that occurred during the halftime show of Super Bowl XXXVIII . Then on June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush signed into law

6853-654: The radio regulation functions of the previous Federal Radio Commission . The FCC took over wire communication regulation from the Interstate Commerce Commission . The FCC's mandated jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia , and the territories of the United States . The FCC also provides varied degrees of cooperation, oversight, and leadership for similar communications bodies in other countries in North America. The FCC

6942-650: The report was the breakup of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), which ultimately led to the creation of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), but there were two other important points. One was network option time, the culprit here being the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS). The report limited the amount of time during the day and at what times the networks may broadcast. Previously

7031-960: The second half of 2006, groups such as the National Hispanic Media Coalition, the National Latino Media Council, the National Association of Hispanic Journalists, the National Institute for Latino Policy , the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) and others held town hall meetings in California, New York and Texas on media diversity as its effects Latinos and minority communities. They documented widespread and deeply felt community concerns about

7120-435: The station meets the "public interest, convenience, or necessity". The FCC's enforcement powers include fines and broadcast license revocation (see FCC MB Docket 04-232). Burden of proof would be on the complainant in a petition to deny. The FCC first promulgated rules for cable television in 1965, with cable and satellite television now regulated by the FCC under Title VI of the Communications Act. Congress added Title VI in

7209-474: The tactics as " culture jamming ". During the campaign they partnered with groups such as AFL-CIO, Oxfam, Fight for $ 15, Project UROK, Campaign for Youth Justice, and many more. In 2016, Fandom Forward launched "Protego", using the powerful shield spell as the name of a campaign dedicated to helping transgender people become empowered and providing resources for everyone to create safe spaces for transgender people. Wizard activists completed 1,225 actions to support

7298-764: The trans community and Fandom Forward partnered with the National Center for Transgender Equality to support legislative advocacy campaigns in six U.S. states and Canada. Wizard activists spoke up to get gender neutral bathrooms and language established in their favorite public spaces. The 2016 election was a very charged one, and through the Wizard Rock the Vote 2016 campaign the Fandom Forward assisted in registering hundreds of new voters. Chapters of Fandom Forward banded together to do everything from holding mock votes at schools to raise voter awareness to starting an education campaign to show young people how they can influence

7387-467: The wake of COVID-19 , Hermione Granger 's fake presidential campaign created real world change by providing fans with ways to take action and find joy and community from home. By the end of March 2020, Fandom Forward raised over $ 20,000 for Team Granger. This fundraiser allowed Fandom Forward to mobilize thousands of fans, such as through their Small Things Con, a free, digital conference filled with weeks of livestreams, actions, and community care. Through

7476-472: The world on six different continents. Chapters are autonomous and use the resources of Fandom Forward to work on the projects they feel are most needed by their communities. Fandom Forward also has individual members who are not associated with a chapter on six different continents. Through the Accio Books campaign, Fandom Forward has helped to build or stock libraries in the United States, Rwanda, Uganda,

7565-500: Was first held in 2007 in the United States and ended in 2013 after six editions. In 2015, Mexican band Velvet Darkness released the song "Death Eaters" as part of their debut EP Delusion . It was later re-recorded in 2018 as a bonus track for their debut LP Nothing but Glory , and a music video for the song was released in 2019 with a live recording of it. "Death Eaters" has led the band to play at several Harry Potter -themed events, playing both their songs and heavy metal covers of

7654-441: Was forced to divest all TV stations. To facilitate the adoption of digital television, the FCC issued a second digital TV (DTV) channel to each holder of an analog TV station license. All stations were required to buy and install all new equipment ( transmitters , TV antennas, and even entirely new broadcast towers ), and operate for years on both channels. Each licensee was required to return one of their two channels following

7743-593: Was hosted virtually for the first time and trained 340 wizard activists. Fandom Forward is funded primarily by private donations from members around the world. In 2012, Fandom Forward ran a fundraiser entitled Equality for the Win, or Equality FTW, on Indiegogo raising a total of $ 94,803 from 2,289 donors across the globe for their equality-related initiatives. They nearly doubled their goal of $ 50,000. Donors gave money in exchange for exclusive perks from people such as John and Hank Green , Potter Puppet Pals , Evanna Lynch , LeakyCon , StarKid and more. They have repeated

7832-560: Was led by two of the seven commissioners, with the FCC chairman being a member of each division. The organizing meeting directed the divisions to meet on July 18, July 19, and July 20, respectively. In 1940, the Federal Communications Commission issued the "Report on Chain Broadcasting " which was led by new FCC chairman James Lawrence Fly (and Telford Taylor as general counsel). The major point in

7921-471: Was the first major legislative reform since the 1934 act and took several steps to de-regulate the telephone market and promote competition in both the local and long-distance marketplace. The important relationship of the FCC and the American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) Company evolved over the decades. For many years, the FCC and state officials agreed to regulate the telephone system as

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