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28-534: It is situated in Saxon Switzerland , 12 km east of Pirna , and 28 km southeast of Dresden (centre). It is dominated by its castle, standing on a sandstone rock. The municipal territory includes the villages ( Ortsteile ) of Cunnersdorf, Ehrenberg, Goßdorf, Lohsdorf, Rathewalde, Ulbersdorf and Waitzdorf. In 1900, the town had a population of 1,321. During the German invasion of Poland at

56-496: A difficult section by climbing on top of the shoulders of other climbers (sometimes several people on top of each other) with everybody involved only holding himself by holds the rock provides. Though this would normally be considered a form of aid climbing , it is here accepted as a form of free climbing . As the pinnacles are often very close to one other, jumping from one rock to another is also rather popular and this technique even has its own grades of difficulty . In addition to

84-405: A result of erosive destruction into long ridges ( Schrammsteine ) or even into individual rock pinnacles ( Torwächter ). Morphologically harder sections of strata, that resisted karstification longer and more successfully, generally form the uppermost layers. The collapse of rock structures is usually therefore a result of erosion from below or from the flanks. During the early Mediaeval period,

112-788: A rule, two types of hill may be distinguished. Numerous rock formations in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains , in both Saxon Switzerland and Bohemian Switzerland , are known locally in this region as Steine ("rocks"). Prominent examples are the Königstein , the Lilienstein , the Gohrisch and the Papststein. This description does not, however, include the dome-shaped Kuppen such as the Waitzdorfer Höhe or

140-694: A wide audience. In English the usual translation is "Saxon Switzerland". However other sources call it "Saxony Switzerland" or even "Swiss Saxony". Saxon Switzerland forms the northern part of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains range, located on the German-Czech border. To the east, it transitions into the Lusatian Highlands and, to the west, into the Ore Mountains . The Czech part of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains

168-480: Is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography , geology , and climate . From the ecological point of view, the naturally occurring flora and fauna of the region are likely to be influenced by its geographical and geological factors, such as soil and water availability , in a significant manner. Thus most natural regions are homogeneous ecosystems . Human impact can be an important factor in

196-770: Is local slang for sleeping out overnight in the open under a rock overhang and has a long tradition in Saxon Switzerland. Many young people travel to Saxon Switzerland at weekends in order to boofen . Today it is only permitted by the National Park Authority at designated sites. However the growing number of Boofers and the bad conduct of individuals (e.g. who light illegal campfires, tear up saplings or cause soil erosion) has led to repeated altercations. 50°56′N 14°12′E  /  50.933°N 14.200°E  / 50.933; 14.200 Natural region A natural region (landscape unit)

224-652: Is located around the Elbe valley south-east of Dresden in Saxony , Germany , adjoining Bohemian Switzerland in the Czech Republic . Together with the Czech part, the region is known as Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland. The administrative district for the area is Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge . The fortress of Königstein is a well-known landmark. The German name for Saxon Switzerland, Sächsische Schweiz , appeared in

252-734: Is partly formed by the Bohemian Switzerland national park. The highest elevation in Saxon Switzerland is the Großer Zschirnstein at 562 m above sea level . In the classification of natural regions by Emil Meynen, Saxon Switzerland was a major unit (430) within the Saxon-Bohemian Chalk Sandstone Region (main unit group 43), whose only other major unit on German soil was the Zittau Mountains . The boundary between

280-603: The Großer Winterberg , whose bedrock is made of volcanic basalt or granitic material. The Cretaceous sandstone formations soar above the so-called "levels" of their surrounding area, the former level of the River Elbe, and represent the remains of an old peneplain . In the course of the Late Tertiary , uplifting of the Ore Mountains and sideways pressure from the Lusatian Highlands shattered

308-463: The reunification of Germany , a national park was created in Saxon Switzerland in order to protect the unique natural character of the hill range. The 93 km area covers two physically separate regions: one near Rathen – the region of the Bastei , Polenz valley , Brand and Uttewalder Grund – and the other embracing the whole Saxon Switzerland Hinterland ( Hintere Sächsische Schweiz ) between

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336-540: The 15th century that the area now called Saxon Switzerland came under Saxon hegemony when it became part of the Margraviate of Meissen with boundaries roughly corresponding to those of today. The development of the area for tourism began in earnest in the 19th century. This was greatly helped by the building of one of the first trolleybus lines in the world: the Biela Valley Trolleybus , which

364-540: The 18th century. Two Swiss artists, Adrian Zingg and Anton Graff , were appointed in 1766 to the Dresden Academy of Art . From their new, adopted home they look eastwards and saw, about a day's walk away, a hill range. It had a strange, flattish profile, without any actual summits […] They felt the landscape was reminiscent of their homeland, the Swiss Jura , and reported in their exchange of letters on

392-614: The Elbe and the state border with the Czech Republic and including the Schrammsteinen , Großer Winterberg , Großer Zschand and Kirnitzsch valley. Saxon Switzerland is characterized by its sandstone rocks which draw many rock climbers. There are some 14,000 climbing routes on over 1,100 rock pinnacles. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Saxon Rules for rock climbing were established. They are considered to be one of

420-785: The climbing summits there are also various steep paths, on which hikers with sure-footedness and a head for heights can climb, in places, great heights with the aid of steps, ladders, metal rungs and railings at various points. Amongst the most popular of these climbing paths are the Häntzschelstiege in the Affensteinen , as well as the Heilige Stiege , the Rübezahlstiege and the Rotkehlchenstiege north of Schmilka . A Boofe (plural: Boofen )

448-522: The difference between their homeland and "Saxon Switzerland". Previously, the Saxon part of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains had merely been referred to as the Meißner Hochland , Meißen Oberland or Heide über Schandau . The description became popular through the publication of the name by Wilhelm Lebrecht Götzinger. In his books he described the area as Saxon Switzerland and made the term known to

476-446: The origins of free climbing . Ropes and bolts may only be used for safety but never as a means of climbing. The use of chalk and common means of protection such as nuts and friends is also not permitted; instead knotted nylon slings are used. With a few exceptions, climbing is only practised and permitted at freestanding rock towers. A Saxon oddity is the concept of a Baustelle (literally "building site") where climbers scale

504-587: The region and many castles degenerated into bases for robber barons . Not until the middle of the 16th century, when the Wettins captured many of the castles did the situation stabilise. Today, these castles and ruins, some of which are well preserved, are popular with tourists, who make their way to these sites up steep climbing paths. These castles include: Hohnstein , Hockstein , Neurathen , Altrathen , Königstein , Lilienstein , Falkenstein , Frienstein , and Rauschenstein . In September 1990, even before

532-632: The region was settled by Slavs and was part of the Kingdom of Bohemia during the Middle Ages . About 1000 years ago Bohemian -Saxon Switzerland was the borderland of three Slavic tribes. The Nisane tribe (east of the Elbe from Dresden to Pirna), the Milzane tribe (from today's Upper Lusatia) and in the south the Dacine tribe shaped the political and economic landscape at that time. It was not until

560-471: The sandstone plate along lines that intersected like a grid and this, combined with the simultaneously increasing stream velocity of the Elbe and regressive erosion in its side valleys, offered new lines of attack and new routes for the destructive power of water. Initially the larger table hills ( Lilienstein ), or those already deeply fissured like Zirkelstein , Kaiserkrone or already forested ( Kohlbornstein ), remained, but these too broke up later as

588-405: The shaping and destiny of a particular natural region. The concept "natural region" is a large basic geographical unit, like the vast boreal forest region. The term may also be used generically, like in alpine tundra , or specifically to refer to a particular place. The term is particularly useful where there is no corresponding or coterminous official region. The Fens of eastern England ,

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616-696: The start of World War II , in September 1939, the Oflag IV-A prisoner-of-war camp for Polish officers was established at the local castle , and from 1940 it also held French and Belgian officers and orderlies. In 1941, the Oflag IV-A was dissolved, and the Stalag IV-A POW camp was relocated to Hohnstein from Elsterhorst. It held Polish, French, British, Belgian, Serbian, Dutch, Soviet, Italian , American, Slovak, Czech and Bulgarian POWs, and

644-552: The super unit Saxon Highlands and Uplands ( Sächsisches Bergland und Mittelgebirge ). The Lusatian Mountains between Saxon Switzerland and the Zittau Mountains also belong to it, whereas Meynen had grouped it with the loess hill country to the north and east into the major unit of Upper Lusatia ( Oberlausitz ); to the west the new super unit is continued by the main unit groups of the Ore Mountains and Vogtland . See Elbe Sandstone Mountains (Geology section) As

672-652: The two mountain ranges, the Elbe Sandstone Mountains and the Lusatian Mountains , is located on Czech territory, which is why these natural regions are geographically separated from one another. The Ecosystem and Regional Character working group of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig has now, at the beginning of the 21st century, grouped all ranges in the Saxon-Bohemian border region into

700-417: Was a systematic banishment of Bohemian influence and numerous local military conflicts erupted around strategically important fortifications. These fortifications primarily serve to protect the border and trading routes. Due to a lack of central power this protective function was left to local knights. The progressive division of the area due to the hereditary distribution of estates upset the economic balance of

728-470: Was in operation from 1901 to 1904 and was operated from Königstein. Romantic artists were inspired by the beauty of wilderness, like the painter Ludwig Richter or the composer Carl Maria von Weber , who set his famous opera Der Freischütz with its Wolfsschlucht ("Wolf's Gorge") scene set near the town of Rathen . In the Nazi era the description of German territories as Schweiz ("Switzerland")

756-512: Was liberated by the Soviets in April 1945. [REDACTED] Media related to Hohnstein at Wikimedia Commons This Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Saxon Switzerland Saxon Switzerland ( German : Sächsische Schweiz ) is a hilly climbing area and national park in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains . It

784-413: Was officially banned. For that reason, with effect from 19 October 1938, the official term "Sächsische Schweiz" was replaced by "Amtshauptmannschaft Pirna" and from January 1939 by "Kreis Pirna" in the names of the local places of Königstein , Obervogelgesang , Ottendorf , Porschdorf , Rathen , Rathewalde , Rathmannsdorf and Reinhardtsdorf . When Germans began to settle in the 13th century, there

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