A commendation ceremony ( commendatio ) is a formal ceremony that evolved during the Early Medieval period to create a bond between a lord and his fighting man, called his vassal . The first recorded ceremony of commendatio was in 7th century France, but the relationship of vassalage was older, and predated even the medieval formulations of a noble class. The lord's "man", might be born unfree, but the commendatio freed him.
14-526: [REDACTED] Look up homage , Hommage , or hommage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Homage (Old English) or Hommage (French) may refer to: History [ edit ] Homage (feudal) , the medieval oath of allegiance Commendation ceremony , medieval homage ceremony Arts [ edit ] Homage (arts) , an allusion or imitation by one artist to another Homage Comics ,
28-592: A 1995 American film Hommage (film) , a 2022 South Korean film See also [ edit ] Homage to Catalonia , a 1938 book by George Orwell Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Homage . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homage&oldid=1237859823 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
42-592: A 1995 American film Hommage (film) , a 2022 South Korean film See also [ edit ] Homage to Catalonia , a 1938 book by George Orwell Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Homage . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homage&oldid=1237859823 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
56-400: A Bible, or a saint's relic, and swear he would never injure the lord in any way and to remain faithful. An example of an oath of fealty (German Lehneid , Dutch leenpligt ): "I promise on my faith that I will in the future be faithful to the lord, never cause him harm and will observe my homage to him completely against all persons in good faith and without deceit." Once the vassal had sworn
70-517: A comics imprint Homage (sculpture) , by Haydn Davies, created 1975 and destroyed in 2005 Music [ edit ] Homage (Jimmy Somerville album) , a Jimmy Somerville album Homage , a 1992 album by the Blues Band Hommage (album) , a 1975 album by American jazz pianist Andrew Hill Hommage , an album by Yannick Noah Hommages , 1997 album by Nana Mouskouri Film [ edit ] Homage (film) ,
84-448: A comics imprint Homage (sculpture) , by Haydn Davies, created 1975 and destroyed in 2005 Music [ edit ] Homage (Jimmy Somerville album) , a Jimmy Somerville album Homage , a 1992 album by the Blues Band Hommage (album) , a 1975 album by American jazz pianist Andrew Hill Hommage , an album by Yannick Noah Hommages , 1997 album by Nana Mouskouri Film [ edit ] Homage (film) ,
98-480: A gesture still used today in many Christian rituals. The gesture of homage (though without any feudal significance) survives in the ceremony for conferring degrees at the University of Cambridge . Eginhard records the solemn commendation ceremony made to Pippin by Tassilo, duke of Bavaria in 757, ("commending himself in vassalage between the hands" ( in vasatico se commendans per manus ), he swore—and
112-538: A sign of his submission to the will of the lord and knelt before him. The vassal would clasp his hands before him in the ultimate sign of submission, the typical Christian prayer pose, and would stretch his clasped hands outward to his lord. The lord in turn grasped the vassal's hands between his own, showing he was the superior in the relationship, a symbolic act known variously as the immixtio manuum (Latin), Handgang (German), or håndgang (Norwegian). The vassal would announce he wished to become "the man", and
126-584: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages homage [REDACTED] Look up homage , Hommage , or hommage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Homage (Old English) or Hommage (French) may refer to: History [ edit ] Homage (feudal) , the medieval oath of allegiance Commendation ceremony , medieval homage ceremony Arts [ edit ] Homage (arts) , an allusion or imitation by one artist to another Homage Comics ,
140-442: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Commendation ceremony When two men entered into a feudal relationship, they underwent the ceremony. The purpose of the commendation was to make a chosen person a vassal of a lord. The commendation ceremony is composed of two elements, one to perform the act of homage and the other an oath of fealty . In some countries, such as
154-808: The Kingdom of Sicily , the commendation ceremony came to be referred to as investiture . The word vassal ultimately comes from the PIE root *upo "under". Becoming in the Proto-Celtic language *wasso- "young man, squire," literally "one who stands under," thence into: Welsh gwas "youth, servant," Breton goaz "servant, vassal, man," and Irish foss "servant". The Celtic word was taken into medieval Latin vassallus "man-servant, domestic, retainer." In Old French it became vassal "subject, subordinate, servant" (12c.), and thus into English with this sense. The would-be vassal appeared bareheaded and weaponless as
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#1732765336733168-403: The lord would announce his acceptance. The act of homage was complete. The vassus thus entered into a new realm of protection and mutual services. Through the touching of hands the warrior chief caused to pass from this own body into the body of the vassal something like a sacred fluid, the hail . Made taboo , as it were, the vassal thereupon fell under the charismatic power, pagan in origin, of
182-486: The lord: his mundeburdium , or mainbour , true power, at once possessive and protective. The physical position for Western Christian prayer that is thought of as typical today—kneeling, with hands clasped—may originate from the commendation ceremony. Before this time, European Christians prayed in the orans , which is the Latin, or "praying" position that people had used in antiquity: standing, with hands outstretched,
196-504: The word used is " sacramenta "—, placing his hands on the relics of the saints, which had apparently been assembled at Compiègne for the solemn occasion, and promised fidelity to the king and to his sons: the relics touched were those of Saint Denis, Saint Rusticus and Saint Éleuthère, Saint Martin and Saint Germain, a daunting array of witnesses. And the men of high birth who accompanied him swore likewise "...and numerous others", Eginhard adds. The vassal would then place his hands on
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