The Hor States ( Tibetan : ཧོར་དཔོན་ཁག་ལྔ། , Wylie : hor dpon khag lnga ; Chinese : 五霍爾 ; lit. 'Five Hors'), also known as the Horpa States ( Chinese : 霍爾巴小邦 ), were a group of five principalities located in the Tibetan region of Kham that existed from the 14th century to the mid-1900s.
8-571: Today, the historical territory of the Hor States comprises Garzê County , Luhuo County , and part of Dawu County . The name "Hor" is usually considered to be Turkic; because the Hor states were Tibetic in culture, their population is thought to be Turks that were influenced by Tibetic culture. The Hor States were located in the region of Trehor (named after one of the states) or Horkhok ( Tibetan : ཧོར་ཁོག , Wylie : hor khog ) in northern Kham on
16-582: A prominent local temple. The Hor states next appear in the historical record in the 1600s; when the Gelugpa sect built monasteries (thirteen in local accounts) across the Hor states; this move connected them to the Ganden Podrang elite and amplified the region's prosperity. The Qing Dynasty bestowed ranks on the rulers of the Hor states. The Hor States, unlike many of Tibet's traditional states were not brought to an end by increasing centralisation from
24-547: Is 5.93 °C (42.7 °F). Over two-thirds of the annual precipitation of 646 mm (25.4 in) occurs from June thru September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 74% in November and December, the county seat receives abundant, outside of summer, sunshine, totalling 2,620 hours annually. The diurnal temperature variation is large, averaging 14.5 °C (26.1 °F) annually. Garzê County
32-613: Is one of the 18 subdivisions of the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture , in northwestern Sichuan province, China. The Yalong River passes just south of the town Garzê, also known as Ganzi, the capital town of the county, which has some 16,920 inhabitants (2010), many of them ethnic Tibetans, and is famous for its Tibetan lamasery. Historically, it is part of the Tibetan cultural region of Kham and now defunct province of Xikang (or Sikang). It lies on
40-490: The Chinese government; but instead survived the end of Qing rule and became governed from Lhasa. However, a rebellion in the early 1930s made the Hor States practically independent; this continued until Communist rule. Garz%C3%AA County Garzê County or Kardze County ( Tibetan : དཀར་མཛེས་རྫོང་། , Wylie : dkar mdzes rdzong ), called Ganzi County in Chinese ( Chinese : 甘孜县 ; pinyin : Gānzī xiàn ),
48-534: The northern section of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway. Due to its elevation, Garzê County has a monsoon -influenced humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwb ) and subarctic climate , with cold but very dry winters, and warm summers with frequent rain. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.9 °C (25.0 °F) in January to 14.2 °C (57.6 °F) in July, while the annual mean
56-404: The offspring's status depended on its gender; if it turned out to be male, then his son should be made ruler, if it turned out to be female, then no special accommodations should be made; the child turned out to be male; the ruling dynasties of the principalities claimed him as their ancestor. The prince's companion, lama Ga Anyen Dampa ( Wylie : sga a gnyan dam pa ), stayed a while longer, founding
64-560: The upper portion of the Yalong River . The traditional five states were: Each state governed families rather than distinct territory; as a result, there were no clear borders and some land was owned by multiple principalities. The Hor States originated when a prince of the Yuan Dynasty entered the region and had a relationship with a daughter of a chieftain; however, when it resulted in a child, he had departed. He decreed that
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