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79-520: Agarici was born in Lausanne , Switzerland , in the family of Constantin and Valeria, née Russo ( Alecu Russo was a relative of hers). Valeria died in 1914, when Horia was 2 years old. The death of his mother and the remarriage of Constantin to Sofia Cerna, the daughter of a Bucharest lawyer, alienated Horia from his father. Agarici lived much of his youth in Iași , Brașov , and Bucharest , where he attended

158-444: A mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement). As of 2000 , there were 62,258 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household. There were 31,205 households that consist of only one person and 2,184 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 63,833 households that answered this question, 48.9% were households made up of just one person and there were 306 adults who lived with their parents. Of

237-635: A 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bombload to a range of 3,000 km (1,900 mi) at a maximum speed no less than 350 km/h (220 mph). He had redesigned the BB-2 to take advantage of the radial Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major 14Kdrs engine, for which the Soviets had purchased a license in 1934 as the M-85, and had begun construction of the prototype of the BB-2 2K-14 as the TsKB-26 that same year. The TsKB-26

316-433: A bit unkempt, he learned only what he considered interesting, and he openly voiced his disagreements with his superiors. Traian Stătescu, a colleague of his, described Agarici in his memoirs as "a well-mannered guy, whose upbringing could not be compared to any of ours, and for which he was laughed at; he had had a governess and spoke French perfectly. Horia Agarici minded his own business [..] and he didn't react to mockery and

395-533: A dramatic panorama over the lake and the Swiss and Savoyan Alps . In addition to its generally southward-sloping layout, the centre of the city is the site of an ancient river, the Flon , which has been covered since the 19th century. The former river forms a gorge running through the middle of the city south of the old city centre, generally following the course of the present Rue Centrale , with several bridges crossing

474-465: A number for the model in that sequence followed by the number of engines, and the engine used. So SB 2M-100A is decoded as twin-engined fast bomber, first in the series, equipped with M-100A engines. Shorter abbreviations were informally used, but the use of them is not consistent between sources. For example, the listing for the strength of the VVS on 1 June 1941 shows a mixture of DB-3A and DB-3 aircraft, with

553-622: A range of 1,660 km (1,030 mi) and 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) to a distance of 910 km (570 mi). This performance arguably made it the best twin-engined bomber in the world already or entering service in 1937. 45 DB-3s were built that year at Factory No. 39 in Moscow and No. 18 in Voronezh and the aircraft entered service with the VVS . During 1938 the improved M-86 engine, rated at 950 horsepower (710 kW) for takeoff, replaced

632-494: A residence permit of at least 10 years in Switzerland and 3 years in the canton of Vaud. The current mandate period is from 1 Jue 2021 to 30 May 2026. The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is later on elected as such by a public election as well by a system of Majorz, while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in

711-501: A speed of 390 km/h (240 mph) at an altitude of 5,000 m (16,000 ft). It could carry a bombload of 500 kg (1,100 lb) to a range of 4,000 km (2,500 mi) and a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bombload to a range of 3,100 km (1,900 mi). In comparison, the Heinkel He 111 B then in production was 10–20 km/h (6.2–12.4 mph) slower and could carry only 750 kg (1,650 lb) of bombs to

790-620: A street in Constanța was named after him (although incorrectly at first); a street in Năvodari also bears his name. Lausanne Lausanne ( / l oʊ ˈ z æ n / loh- ZAN , US also / l oʊ ˈ z ɑː n / loh- ZAHN ; French: [lɔzan] ; Arpitan : Losena [lɔˈzəna] ) is the capital and largest city of the Swiss French-speaking canton of Vaud . It

869-449: Is 11,041 people or 8.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 8,277 people or 6.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 5,896 people or 4.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 1,171 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older. As of 2000 , there were 58,100 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 48,990 married individuals, 7,797 widows or widowers and 10,027 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000

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948-724: Is 8b with an average minimum temperature of −7.0 C over the past 20 years (1997–2016). The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, chief argent . The city is divided into 18 quartiers , or districts, sometimes composed of several neighborhoods. They are: Centre (1), Maupas/Valency (2), Sébeillon/Malley (3), Montoie/Bourdonnette (4), Montriond/Cour (5), Sous-Gare/Ouchy (6), Montchoisi (7), Florimont/Chissiez (8), Mousquines/Bellevue (9), Vallon/Béthusy (10), Chailly/Rovéréaz (11), Sallaz/Vennes/Séchaud (12), Sauvabelin (13), Borde/Bellevaux (14), Vinet/Pontaise (15), Bossons/Blécherette (16), Beaulieu/Grey/Boisy (17), and Les Zones foraines (90). The municipality ( la Municipalité ) constitutes

1027-621: Is a hilly city situated on the shores of Lake Geneva , about halfway between the Jura Mountains and the Alps , and facing the French town of Évian-les-Bains across the lake. Lausanne is located 62 kilometres ( 38 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles) northeast of Geneva , the nearest major city. The municipality of Lausanne has a population of about 140,000, making it the fourth largest city in Switzerland after Basel , Geneva , and Zurich , with

1106-420: Is the smallest city in the world to have a rapid transit system. Lausanne hosted the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics . The Romans built a military camp, which they called Lousanna , at the site of a Celtic settlement, near the lake where Vidy and Ouchy are situated; on the hill above was a fort called Lausodunon or Lousodunon (The "-y" suffix is common to many place names of Roman origin in

1185-580: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.06 km (6.20 sq mi) or 38.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 19.00 km (7.34 sq mi) or 45.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.08 km (20 acres) or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km (2.5 acres) or 0.0% is unproductive land. Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 22.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 12.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of

1264-625: The Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman (CGN). Lausanne became the first city in Switzerland to have a rubber-tyred metro system, with the m2 Line which opened in October 2008. The rolling stock is a shorter version of the one used on Paris Métro Line 14 . Further expansion of the system is planned, as is the re-introduction of trams. Lausanne is connected to the A1 motorway on its west side (Geneva – Zurich axis) and to

1343-697: The 2015 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS which received 30.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the PLR (18.7%), the Green Party (15.9%), and the UDC (15.4%). In the federal election, a total of 26,116 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.0%. Lausanne has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 140,202. As of 2013 , 42% of

1422-463: The 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the Green Party which received 27.3% (+11.4) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the PS (26.7%, -4.2), PLR (15.1%, -3.6), the UDC (9.3%, -6), the POP / solidaritéS (9%, +1.9), the pvl (6.9%, +3.4). In the federal election a total of 26,070 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 39.7%. In

1501-582: The A9 on its north and east side (for transit with Italy and France); the interchange between these two motorways is on the north-west side of the city. Ilyushin DB-3 The Ilyushin DB-3 , where "DB" stands for Dalniy Bombardirovshchik ( Russian : Дальний бомбардировщик) meaning "long-range bomber", is a Soviet bomber aircraft of World War II . It was a twin-engined, low-wing monoplane that first flew in 1935. 1,528 were built. The DB-3

1580-824: The Baltic Fleet dropped the first Soviet bombs on Berlin . From August 11, DB-3Fs of the VVS resumed bombing. The only known surviving DB-3 is currently displayed at the Central Air Force Museum at Monino , near Moscow, Russia. The aircraft was found in taiga forests, 120 km from Komsomolsk-on-Amur . It was recovered in September 1988 and brought to the Irkutsk Aircraft Industrial Association (IAIA) factory on board an Ilyushin Il-76 transport. After over

1659-527: The Christian Catholic Church , and there were 4,437 individuals (3.55%) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 849 individuals (0.68%) who were Jewish, and 7,501 (6.00%) who were Muslim . There were 452 individuals who were Buddhist , 772 individuals who were Hindu and 343 individuals who belonged to another church. 21,080 (16.88%) belonged to no church, were agnostic or atheist , and 7,590 individuals (6.08%) did not answer

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1738-619: The Communist takeover , Agarici was dismissed from the Air Force. Between 1953 and 1955 he was deported to the village Neatârnarea in Tulcea County . In 1955 he was stripped of his rank, sentenced to 25 years hard labor , and imprisoned at the notorious Aiud Prison . In 1964 he was released and his rank of Captain was reinstated in 1965. He died in 1982 and was buried with military honors in Constanța's Central Cemetery. In 1994,

1817-637: The Lausanne Cathedral was consecrated in the presence of Pope Gregory X and King Rudolf I of Germany . It was invaded by forces from the canton of Bern and remained under their domination from 1536 to 1798. The iconoclastic Bernese stripped the Lausanne cathedral of its Roman Catholic trappings, and a number of its cultural treasures, including the hanging tapestries in the cathedral, were permanently removed. Lausanne has made repeated requests to recover them, but they never were returned. After

1896-658: The Swiss Federal Railways depart from Lausanne railway station , which is also the hub of the RER Vaud commuter rail system, and a stop on the city's metro . The metro and local buses are operated by Transports publics de la région lausannoise (TL), with many routes run using trolleybuses . Additional commuter trains are run by the Lausanne–Echallens–Bercher railway (LEB) from Lausanne-Flon station . Ships across Lake Geneva are provided by

1975-580: The Tumansky M-88 that produced 1,100 horsepower (820 kW) for takeoff. These increased the maximum speed to 429 km/h (267 mph) at 6,800 metres (22,300 ft). Great confusion exists in the sources, including original Soviet documents, about the names commonly used for the DB-3. Formally the Soviet designation system used a two-letter abbreviation to designate the role of the aircraft, then

2054-521: The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Lausanne became (along with Geneva) a place of refuge for French Huguenots . In 1729, a seminary was opened by Antoine Court and Benjamin Duplan . By 1750, 90 pastors had been sent back to France to work clandestinely; this number would rise to 400. Official persecution ended in 1787; a faculty of Protestant theology was established at Montauban in 1808, and

2133-486: The 1920s, to holiday. In fact, many creative people – such as historian Edward Gibbon and Romantic era poets Shelley and Byron – have sojourned, lived, and worked in Lausanne or nearby. The city has been traditionally quiet, but in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a series of demonstrations took place that exposed tensions between young people and the police. In the early 1980s, the Lôzane Bouge protests demanded

2212-439: The 1950s to 1970s, a large number of Italians, Spaniards and Portuguese immigrated to Lausanne, settling mostly in the industrial suburb of Renens . The city has served as a refuge for European artists. While under the care of a psychiatrist at Lausanne, T. S. Eliot composed most of his 1922 poem The Waste Land ("by the waters of Leman I sat down and wept"). Ernest Hemingway also visited from Paris with his wife during

2291-519: The 8th Group), before being replaced by B-24 Liberators in 1943. Two DB-3s were responsible for shooting down the neutral Finnish civilian Junkers Ju 52 passenger and transport plane Kaleva on June 14, 1940. The Finns captured five force-landed DB-3Ms during the Winter War and during 1941 they purchased a further six DB-3Ms and four DB-3F/Il-4s from German surplus stocks. On the night of August 7–8, 1941, fifteen DB-3T torpedo bombers of

2370-760: The Balloon Squadron in a world of mine, isolated from the military, reading and leading a young man's life in Bucharest. At the airbase we performed some studies for adapting the autogyro and the helicopter to the balloons". In the autumn of 1934 he received the pilot license at the Flying School in Tecuci , and he was subsequently assigned to the Combat Group (a common fighter and bomber unit) based at Pipera Airport , near Bucharest. On 1 April 1937

2449-514: The Combat Group was split into the 1st Fighter Group (based at Pipera ) and the 1st Bomber Group (which was relocated to Brașov ). Originally assigned to the Bomber Group, Second Lieutenant Agarici transferred to the 1st Fighter Group, where he finalized his specialty training on 6 June 1937 and was promoted to lieutenant. The 1st Fighter Group was initially equipped with older Polish airplanes, PZL P.11 and PZL P.24 . However, in early 1940

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2528-550: The Communal Council are carried by the Municipality. The regular election of the Municipality by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every five years. Any resident of Lausanne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipality. Since 14 April 2003, due to the constitution by canton of Vaud not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with

2607-563: The Communal Council consist of 29 (-4) members of the Social Democratic Party (PS) , 24 (+7) Green Party (PES) , 21 (0) Les Libéraux-Radicaux (PLR) , 13 (+2) Ensemble à Gauche (an alliance of the left parties POP ( Parti Suisse du Travail – Parti Ouvrier et Populaire ) and solidaritéS and indépendant.e.s ), 7 (-5) Swiss People's Party (UDC), and 6 (0) members of the Green Liberal Party (pvl) ). In

2686-739: The Fighter Group received 12 Hawker Hurricane fighter aircraft from the United Kingdom , to the delight of Lieutenant Agarici, who immediately proceeded to study the technical manuals and later joined their assembly operations. In January 1941, before Romania's entry in World War II on the side of Nazi Germany , Agarici was reassigned to the 53rd Fighter Squadron based at the Mamaia airfield in Northern Dobruja , which

2765-776: The Lausanne seminary was finally closed on 18 April 1812. During the Napoleonic Wars , the city's status changed. In 1803, it became the capital of a newly formed Swiss canton of Vaud under which it joined the Swiss Federation . In 1923, the city was the venue for the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, which established the modern Turkish Republic. In 1964, the city played host to the Swiss National Exhibition, displaying its newly found confidence to play host to major international events. From

2844-592: The M-85 on the production line. Aircraft with this engine are properly referred to as DB-3 2M-86, but are sometimes referred to as the DB-3A, after the three-step upgrade program planned for the aircraft. Other minor changes were introduced over the course of the year. Factory No. 126 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur also began producing DB-3s in 1938. During 1938–39 the Tumansky M-87 A engine was introduced on

2923-427: The Municipality and the administration. The sessions of the Communal Council are public. Unlike members of the Municipality, members of the Communal Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Lausanne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Communal Council. Since 14 April 2003, due to the constitution by canton of Vaud not only Swiss citizen have

3002-582: The Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts (MUDAC). The most important geographical feature of the area surrounding Lausanne is Lake Geneva ( Le Léman in French). Lausanne is built on the southern slope of the Swiss plateau , with a difference in elevation of about 500 metres (1,640 ft) between the lakeshore at Ouchy and its northern edge bordering Le Mont-sur-Lausanne and Épalinges . Lausanne boasts

3081-612: The Soviet Union. It went on to set six world records in its class, generally in payloads to height and speed over a 5,000 km (3,100 mi) closed circuit. The real prototype of the DB-3 was called the TsKB-30 and it was completed in March 1936. It had a number of improvements over the TsKB-26, notably an all-metal structure, an extended nose, an aft-sliding canopy with a fixed windscreen and improved engine cowlings. It passed

3160-715: The State acceptance trials and was ordered into production in August 1936 as the DB-3, although some sources refer to this initial series as the DB-3S for seriynyy (series-built). The DB-3 was not a simple or easy aircraft to manufacture as Ilyushin had pushed the limits of the available construction technology to make it as light as possible. For example, the spar in each wing panel had four parts which had to be riveted together and there were numerous welds that each had to be inspected by an X-ray machine , with many failures. In addition

3239-558: The Town Hall ( L'Hôtel de Ville ), in the old city on Place de la Palud . As of 2021 , Lausanne's Municipality is made up of three representatives of the PS ( Social Democratic Party , of whom one is also the mayor), and two members of PES ( Green Party ), and one each of le Parti Ouvrier et Populaire Vaudois (POP) , and PLR ( Les Libéraux-Radicaux (PLR) ), giving the left parties a very strong six out of seven seats. The last regular election

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3318-406: The area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 9.4% is used for growing crops and 4.9% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes and streams. The municipality was part of the old Lausanne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and it became

3397-429: The average number of residents per living room was 0.64 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.61 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 6.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have

3476-545: The camp was ruled by the Counts of Savoy and the Bishop of Lausanne . From 888 to 1032, the initially relatively small town belonged to the kingdom of Upper Burgundy . During the 11th century, Lausanne developed into a political, economic and religious center. The city became the center of the secular rule of the bishops. In the period that followed, especially in the 12th and 13th centuries, Lausanne flourished. Finally, in 1275,

3555-526: The capital of the new district of Lausanne. Lausanne has an average of 119.7 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1,153 mm (45.4 in) of precipitation . The wettest month is May during which time Lausanne receives an average of 117 mm (4.6 in) of rain. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.1 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 67 mm (2.6 in) of precipitation over 8.8 days. The USDA Hardiness Zone for Lausanne-Pully

3634-480: The city "open an autonomous centre, lower cinema ticket prices, liberalise cannabis and end the process of keeping records on homosexuals, all accompanied by leaflets, chants, and songs in the street". Protests occurred in 2003, against the G8 meetings. In June 2022, Lausanne launched Plateforme 10, an art district comprising three museums. The trio of museums included Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts (MCBA), Photo Elysée, and

3713-417: The construction rate of new housing units was 2.1 new units per 1000 residents. As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in Lausanne was 1064.08 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$ 850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 597.46 CHF (US$ 480, £270, €380), a two-room apartment was about 792.33 CHF (US$ 630, £360, €510), a three-room apartment

3792-485: The day Operation Barbarossa  was launched, the 53rd Fighter Squadron flew on a bomber escort mission to Buzău . Agarici had to stay behind at the Mamaia base because his airplane was under repair. At the base there was only another available Hawker Hurricane, also grounded and under repair due to engine overheating. Agarici became famous a day later, on 23 June 1941, after a first wave of Soviet bombers had attacked

3871-416: The depression to connect the adjacent neighbourhoods. Due to the considerable differences in elevation, tourists should make a note as to which plane of elevation they are on and where they want to go, otherwise they will find themselves tens of metres below or above the street in which they are trying to go. The name Flon is also used for the metro station located in the gorge. The municipality includes

3950-594: The engine of the Hawker Hurricane started to overheat, causing Agarici to break off his attack and land at the base. Agarici thus became the first Romanian aviator who managed to shoot down three enemy aircraft in a single battle. His feat was used for propaganda purposes by the Ion Antonescu regime and became soon the theme of a popular song, composed by Gherase Dendrino  [ ro ] , whose lyrics, written by Păstorel Teodoreanu , started with

4029-399: The entire agglomeration area having about 420,000 inhabitants (as of January 2019). The metropolitan area of Lausanne-Geneva (including Vevey - Montreux , Yverdon-les-Bains , Valais and foreign parts), commonly designated as Arc lémanique was over 1.3 million inhabitants in 2017 and is the fastest growing in Switzerland. Initially a Celtic and Roman settlement on the shores of

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4108-499: The executive government of the City of Lausanne and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of seven councilors (French: conseiller municipal/conseillère municipale ), each presiding over a directorate. One of the members act as mayor ( syndic ). In the mandate period 2021–2026 ( la législature ) the Municipality is presided by le Syndic Grégoire Junod. Directoral tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by

4187-556: The following two lines: "He went out hunting, Agarici,/ He went out hunting Bolsheviks". By mid-1941, he claimed two more kills, and won ace status. In 1942, Agarici was assigned the command of the 52nd Flying Squadron in Mamaia, which was meant to defend Axis supply routes in the Black Sea. The next year, he was commander of the 7th Fighter Group on the Eastern Front , and chief of the operations' bureau. For his actions, he

4266-748: The former predominating. But this does not match the account in Gordon where the DB-3A designation is used for one of the oldest versions of the DB-3. And where are the DB-3Bs? In 1939, 30 DB-3s were supplied to the Republic of China Air Force during the Second Sino-Japanese War and they saw heavy action against Japanese targets in the Wuhan region from their bases in Sichuan (mostly used by

4345-433: The internal riveting of small-diameter tubing was also a difficult and time-consuming process. The bomb bay was designed to carry ten 100 kg (220 lb) FAB-100 bombs, but heavier bombs could be accommodated on external bomb racks up to a total of 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) on short-range missions. The defensive armament for the three crewmen consisted of three 7.62 mm (0.3 in) ShKAS machine guns . One in

4424-454: The lake, Lausanne became a town at the foot of Notre Dame , a cathedral built in the 12th century. In the 20th century, Lausanne became a focus of international sport, hosting the International Olympic Committee (which has recognized the city as the "Olympic Capital" since 1994), the Court of Arbitration for Sport and some 55 international sport associations. It lies in a noted wine-growing region. With its 28-station metro system , Lausanne

4503-517: The late 20th century, when it received substantial immigration, particularly from largely Catholic countries. Catholics now form a plurality of the city's population. The Jewish community gathers at the Synagogue of Lausanne . From the 2000 census , 47,225 people (37.8% of the population) were Roman Catholic , while 33,993 (27.2%) belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 2,698 members of an Orthodox church (2.16%), there were 65 individuals (0.05%) who belonged to

4582-543: The next most (906) were built between 1919 and 1945. There were 180 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000. In 2000 there were 69,383 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 22,408. There were 9,579 single room apartments and 7,388 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 61,056 apartments (88.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 6,840 apartments (9.9%) were seasonally occupied and 1,487 apartments (2.1%) were empty. As of 2009 ,

4661-546: The non-Swiss population increased by 2221 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.6%. The age distribution, as of 2009 , in Lausanne is; 11,818 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 12,128 or 9.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 21,101 people or 16.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 22,158 people or 17.6% are between 30 and 39, 18,016 people or 14.4% are between 40 and 49, and 13,940 people or 11.1% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution

4740-424: The population of Swiss citizens decreased by 22 while the foreign population increased by 496. There were 9 Swiss men and 57 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2230 non-Swiss men and 1802 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 883 and

4819-545: The population were resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 9.9%. It has changed at a rate of 8.3% due to migration and at a rate of 2.6% due to births and deaths. The population of the greater Lausanne area ( grand Lausanne ) is 402,900 (as of December 2014). Of the population in the municipality, 58% or 80,828 have a Swiss citizenship, while 16,908 or 12.1% are from Lausanne and still lived there in December 2013. There were 27,653 or 19.8% who are from somewhere else in

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4898-431: The port of Constanța . When the second wave of Ilyushin DB-3 's approached, he was allowed to fly the second Hawker Hurricane (the one having engine overheating problems) into action against the Soviet bombers. Within a minute he gunned down three enemy aircraft, out of which two could safely land (and have their crews taken prisoner) and the third crashed into the Black Sea , 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) off Mamaia. Afterwards

4977-413: The pranks performed by his colleagues. He was covered in all kinds of insults, one worse than the other. He was impassive. He didn't react and that annoyed the troublemakers terribly". Agarici graduated from the flying school on 8 June 1933, with the rank of second lieutenant, and was assigned to the Balloon Squadron in Pantelimon, Bucharest . He later reminisced that "I lived that one-year tour of duty at

5056-434: The primary and the secondary schools. In 1929 he enrolled at the Polytechnical School in Timișoara ; however, he dropped out for financial reasons (which also plunged him into depression), and in 1930 he enrolled instead at the Military Flying School in Bucharest. For health reasons, he wasn't able to start his military training until 1931. Agarici didn't adapt easily to the military lifestyle: his military appearance looked

5135-406: The production line in a gradual transition as were VISh-3 variable-pitch propellers . The M-87 had the same horsepower rating at takeoff as the M-86, but produced more power at higher altitudes. The M-87B further increased power at altitude and was introduced in 1939–40. These aircraft were known as the DB-3B as part of the second stage of the upgrade program. The last production batches in 1940 had

5214-462: The question. In 2014 the crime rate, of crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code , in Lausanne was 167.3 per thousand residents. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 49.5 per thousand residents, and the rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 21 per thousand residents. Lausanne is served by an extensive network of local, national and international public transport. National and international passenger trains of

5293-432: The region (e.g.) Prilly , Pully , Lutry , etc.). By the 2nd century AD, it was known as vikanor[um] Lousonnensium and in 280 as lacu Lausonio . By 400, it was civitas Lausanna , and in 990 it was mentioned as Losanna . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire , insecurity forced the residents of Lausanne to move to its current centre, a hilly site that was easier to defend. The city which emerged from

5372-404: The rest of the households, there are 13,131 married couples without children and 11,603 married couples with children. There were 3,883 single parents with a child or children. There were 2,130 households that were made up of unrelated people, and 1,575 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 1,833 single family homes (or 23.1% of

5451-456: The right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of at least 10 years in Switzerland and 3 years in the canton of Vaud. The Parliament holds its meetings in the Town Hall ( Hôtel de Ville ), in the old city on Place de la Palud . The last election of the Communal Council was held on 7 March 2021 for the mandate period ( la législature ) from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2026. As of this election

5530-558: The same canton, while 36,276 or 26.0% have a Swiss citizenship in another canton. 58,9562 or 42.0% have a foreign citizenship. In 2000, most of the population spoke French (98,424 or 78.8%), with German being second most common (5,365 or 4.3%) and Italian being third (4,976 or 4.0%). There were 62 people who speak Romansh . In 2008 there were 840 live births to Swiss citizens and 623 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 862 deaths of Swiss citizens and 127 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration,

5609-425: The tip of the nose manned by the bombardier-navigator and the two others protecting the rear. The rear gunner manned both the gun in the SU dorsal turret and the gun in an LU ventral hatch. Flight tests of the second example pre-production aircraft, conducted May–October 1937, revealed that it was slightly inferior to the TsKB-30 in performance, but still exceeded its requirements by a considerable margin. It attained

5688-520: The total) out of a total of 7,925 inhabited buildings. There were 3,634 multi-family buildings (45.9%), along with 1,955 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (24.7%) and 503 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.3%). Of the single family homes 324 were built before 1919, while 153 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (498) were built between 1919 and 1945. The most multi-family homes (933) were built before 1919 and

5767-536: The villages of Vidy , Cour, Ouchy , Mornex, Chailly, La Sallaz, Vennes, Montblesson, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Montheron and Chalet-à-Gobet (871 m (2,858 ft)) as well as the exclave of Vernand. Lausanne is located at the limit between the extensive wine-growing regions of Lavaux (to the east) and la Côte (to the west). Lausanne has an area, as of 2012-2014 , of 41.38–41.37 square kilometers (15.98–15.97 sq mi) (depending on calculation method). Of this area, 6.22 km (2.40 sq mi) or 15.0%

5846-485: Was about 1044.64 CHF (US$ 840, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2024.55 CHF (US$ 1620, £910, €1300). The average apartment price in Lausanne was 95.3% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010 , was 0.17%. The historical population is given in the following chart: From the Reformation in the 16th century, the city was mostly Protestant until

5925-856: Was awarded the Aeronautical Virtue Medal , 3rd class, the Order of the Crown , Knight rank, and the German Iron Cross , and was promoted to captain. During the United States Army Air Forces raid on Bucharest in early 1944, he was in command of the 58th Fighter Squadron, which engaged the Fifteenth Air Force . During the confrontation, Agarici's plane was hit, and he had to make a forced landing , immediately after his last kill. After

6004-470: Was held on 7 and 28 March 2021. Simon Affolter is Town Chancellor (chancelier municipal) since and Patrizia Marzullo Darbellay is Deputy Town Chancellor since for the Municipality. Le Conseil communal of Lausanne for the mandate period of 2021–2026 The Communal Council ( Conseil communal ) holds legislative power . It is made up of 100 members, with elections held every five years. The Communal Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by

6083-414: Was more of a proof-of-concept vehicle to validate Ilyushin's ideas on how to obtain long range than an actual bomber prototype. To speed the construction process, it had a wooden fuselage and fin with metal wings and tail surfaces. It made its first flight in the summer of 1935 and proved to be stable, easily controllable and highly maneuverable; it performed the first loop made by a twin-engined aircraft in

6162-583: Was tasked with defending the coastline, the port and city of Constanța , and the railroad to Bucharest . The squadron was equipped with the Hawker Hurricanes delivered the year before, because their engines were deemed more reliable than those of the German Heinkel He 112 and Messerschmitt Bf 109 (which were issued to other fighter squadrons, based inland), and therefore considered more suitable for air combat at sea. On 22 June 1941,

6241-590: Was the precursor of the Ilyushin Il-4 (originally designated DB-3F ). The genesis of the DB-3 lay in the BB-2, Sergey Ilyushin 's failed competitor to the Tupolev SB . Ilyushin was able to salvage the work and time invested in the BB-2's design by recasting it as a long-range bomber, again competing against a Tupolev design, the DB-2 , to meet the stringent requirements of an aircraft capable of delivering

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