The Hauge Synod (formally Hauge's Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Synod in America ) was the name of a Norwegian Lutheran church body in the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
20-478: The Hauge Synod (Norwegian: Hauges norsk lutherske Synode i Amerika ) was named after Norwegian revivalist lay preacher Hans Nielsen Hauge . The synod was low church , de-emphasizing formal worship and stressing personal faith in the Haugean tradition ( haugianere ). The Hauge Synod was formed in 1876 following a split with The Evangelical Lutheran Church of North America (Eielsen Synod) . The Eielsen Synod
40-549: A capitalist, and he gave away all he had founded and inspired to others – brethren and friends. During a period of extreme economic crisis, when almost all the prosperous timber barons and iron works owners went bankrupt because of the Napoleonic wars , he showed a way to prosperity for anyone with initiative, and this led to the new rise in Norwegian economics some years after national independence in 1814. In this matter Hauge
60-514: A farmer and industrialist at Bakkehaugen near Christiania (now Oslo). In 1815, he married Andrea Andersdatter, who later died in childbirth that same year. In 1817, he married Ingeborg Marie Olsdatter (1791–1872) and bought the Bredtvet farm (now the site of Bredtvet Church in Oslo), where he died. Three of his four children died in infancy. His surviving son, Andreas Hauge , became a priest in
80-428: A mystical experience that he believed called him to share the assurance of salvation with others. At the time, itinerant preaching and religious gatherings held without the supervision of a pastor were illegal, and Hauge was arrested several times. Hauge faced great personal suffering and state persecution. He was imprisoned no less than 14 times between 1794 and 1811, accused of witchcraft and adultery, and of violating
100-445: A noted Pietism revival known as the Haugean movement . Hauge is also considered to have been influential in the early industrialization of Norway. Bible Translators Theologians Hans Nielsen Hauge was born the fifth of ten children in his ancestral farm of Hauge at Rolvsøy ( Hauge på Rolvsøy ) in the county of Østfold . His father was Niels Mikkelsen Evenrød (1732–1813) and mother Maria Olsdatter Hauge (1735–1811). He had
120-419: A poor and otherwise ordinary youth until 5 April 1796, when he received his "spiritual baptism" in a field near his farm. Within two months, he had founded a revival movement in his own community, written a book, and decided to take his mission on the road. He wrote a series of books in his lifetime. In a total of 18 years, he published 33 books. Estimates are that 100,000 Norwegians read one or more of them, at
140-562: A result, he and his followers were persecuted in various ways. Hauge was imprisoned on several occasions, spending a total of nine years in prison. Over time the Haugean movement increased its influence throughout the country. Some figures might illustrate that fact. In the late eighteenth century a normal service at a church in Christiania would be attended by fewer than 20 people – of a population of nearly 10,000. Christianity in Norway
160-649: A time when the population was 900,000 more-or-less literate individuals. In the next several years, Hauge traveled – mostly by foot – throughout much of Norway. He held countless revival meetings, often after church services. In addition to his religious work, he offered practical advice, encouraging such things as settlements in Northern Norway . He and his followers were persecuted, though their teachings were in keeping with Lutheran doctrine. He began preaching about "the living faith" in Norway and Denmark after
180-566: Is located on a ridge between the neighborhoods of Veitvet to the west and Kalbakken to the east. Its origin was as a farm of the same name. It is not mentioned in writings from the Middle Ages, but was at one time Crown land . Its first private owner is registered in 1662, and from 1817 to 1824 it was owned by Hans Nielsen Hauge . Bredtvet is also a parish in the Church of Norway , created in 1966 although Bredtvet church ( Bredtvet kirke )
200-494: The Conventicle Act of 1741 ( Konventikkelplakaten ) at a time in which Norwegians did not have the right of religious assembly without a Church of Norway minister present. The law "was not created to be used against Hauge, but it is almost only against Hauge that it was attempted to be used." His time in prison broke his health and led to his premature death. Upon his release from prison in 1811, he took up work as
220-826: The Norwegian Lutheran Church of America . That group was later renamed the Evangelical Lutheran Church and then merged into the American Lutheran Church (ALC) in 1960. The ALC later merged into the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America . Hans Nielsen Hauge Hans Nielsen Hauge (3 April 1771 – 29 March 1824) was a 19th-century Norwegian Lutheran lay minister, spiritual leader, business entrepreneur, social reformer and author. He led
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#1732776047205240-467: The constitutional assembly in Eidsvoll belonged to his movement. Because Hauge's preaching coincided with the years during which many Norwegians were migrating to America, the Haugean influence on Lutheranism in America has been considerable. The Lutheran Church in America had a Hauge Synod , Eielsen Synod and Lutheran Free Church all indicative of that influence. Hauge is remembered on
260-593: The Church of Norway and Member of the Norwegian Parliament . It is generally agreed that Hauge had a profound influence on both secular and religious history in Norway. Hauge's message emphasized the type of spirituality he felt originated with Martin Luther . He led charismatic meetings, and his organization became an informal network that in many ways challenged the establishment of the state church. As
280-728: The Hauge Institute focuses on the ethical dimension in three main areas: leadership, entrepreneurship, and trade and the environment. The Hauge Institute has several professional partners. Two of the most important are St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota , and the Norwegian School of Economics in Bergen, Norway . Bredtvet Bredtvet is a neighborhood in the borough of Bjerke in Oslo , Norway . The area
300-470: The liturgical calendar of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on March 29 as one of the Renewers of the Church . The Hauge Institute ( Haugeinstituttet ) was founded in 2005. The institute seeks to raise awareness about Hauge, his ethical thinking and topicality and to impart inspiration to the business and educational community as well as society in general. Based on his thinking and practice,
320-487: The number of factories and mills that Hauge founded around the country were numerous. All but one disappeared during the industrial revolution, which in Norway took place in the mid-19th century. In 1809, the government temporarily released Hauge from prison so that he could construct salt factories to help alleviate the salt shortage caused by the British Blockade . Even so, his modesty prevented him from becoming
340-462: Was but one of several contributors, but he was one of the most influential – especially so in the way he combined economics and Christian morals: modesty, honesty and hard work among them. Many Haugeans launched industrial action, such as mills, shipyards, paper mills, textile industry and printing. They had often worked their way up to prosperity in a short time, a result of Haugean focus on diligence, economic enterprise and frugality. Three members of
360-654: Was founded in 1846 by Rev. Elling Eielsen in Jefferson Prairie Settlement , Wisconsin . Eielsen was a lay preacher and evangelist from Norway who is considered the chief transplanter of the Haugean movement from Norway to America. Red Wing Seminary was the Hauge Synod educational center located in Red Wing, Minnesota . The Hauge Synod opened the seminary in 1879, and it continued in operation until 1917. The Hauge Synod merged in 1917 into
380-482: Was nearly becoming a framework for traditions, and ethics (from a Christian perspective) and spiritual life were nearly non-existent. It is not an exaggeration to state that he revived the faith in most of Norway. Both men and women played a central role in this revival. The first female preacher of the Haugean movement was Sara Oust , who was active from the year 1799. Turning to his achievements as an industrialist,
400-413: Was not erected until 1977. An obelisk with commemorative plaque honoring Hauge was raised in the church garden. Bredtvet is also known as the site of Bredtveit prison . An upper secondary school named Bredtvet was established in 1972, but closed down in 2008. 59°56′53″N 10°51′35″E / 59.94806°N 10.85972°E / 59.94806; 10.85972 This Oslo location article
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