40-474: Pak Nai ( Chinese : 白泥 ) is a wetland area, partly mud-bank, surrounded by mountain ranges, in the Yuen Long District of Hong Kong facing Deep Bay (aka. Shenzhen Bay). Pak Nai makes up the coastline as Sheung Pak Nai ( 上白泥 ) and Ha Pak Nai ( 下白泥 ) geographically. Pak Nai is famous for its ecosystem which comes with rich biodiversity , with rare species found offshore. In recent years,
80-509: A certain extent in South Korea , remain virtually identical to traditional characters, with variations between the two forms largely stylistic. There has historically been a debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters . Because the simplifications are fairly systematic, it is possible to convert computer-encoded characters between the two sets, with the main issue being ambiguities in simplified representations resulting from
120-869: Is 産 (also the accepted form in Japan and Korea), while in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan the accepted form is 產 (also the accepted form in Vietnamese chữ Nôm ). The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the People's Daily are printed in traditional characters, and both People's Daily and Xinhua have traditional character versions of their website available, using Big5 encoding. Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers;
160-526: Is known as one of the best places for viewing sunset in Hong Kong , making it a beloved place of many photographers, tourists and dating couples. The best sunset-viewing spots are the shores along Ha Pak Nai and the junction of Deep Bay Road and Nim Wan Road. Nim Wan Road is a popular 5 km cycling route for locals. Former Heung Yee Kuk chairman Lau Wong-fat applied for the development of Ha Pak Nai in 2007, but vigorous opposition led to withdrawal of
200-599: Is where mangroves , wetlands and mud banks are found. The mangroves in Ha Pak Nai harbour various species and are highly conserved by environmentalists. The rich biodiversity of this area has prompted the government to designate it a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) . Ha Pak Nai used to be an oyster bed, thus, There are still remains of oyster shells all over the mudflat. Some species of crabs such as Perisesarma bidens , Ilyoplax tansuiensis , Uca arcuata and Sesarma sinensis are commonly found in
240-493: The Chinese Commercial News , World News , and United Daily News all use traditional characters, as do some Hong Kong–based magazines such as Yazhou Zhoukan . The Philippine Chinese Daily uses simplified characters. DVDs are usually subtitled using traditional characters, influenced by media from Taiwan as well as by the two countries sharing the same DVD region , 3. With most having immigrated to
280-628: The Kensiu language . Heung Yee Kuk The Heung Yee Kuk , officially the Heung Yee Kuk N.T. , is a statutory advisory body representing establishment interests in the New Territories , Hong Kong . The council is a powerful organisation comprising heads of rural committees which represent villages and market towns. From 1980 to 2015, it was chaired by Lau Wong-fat , a billionaire landowner and heavyweight political figure in
320-586: The Qing China began, the British colonial government of Hong Kong interceded in the land rights of indigenous male villagers by converting those rights to block crown leases (on which crown rent was payable) over village land, creating significant discontent among villagers. The growing antagonism between villagers and the administration was exacerbated when, in 1923, the government imposed restraints on building of village houses on land held by villagers under
360-640: The Shanghainese -language character U+20C8E 𠲎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20C8E —a composition of 伐 with the ⼝ 'MOUTH' radical—used instead of the Standard Chinese 嗎 ; 吗 . Typefaces often use the initialism TC to signify the use of traditional Chinese characters, as well as SC for simplified Chinese characters . In addition, the Noto, Italy family of typefaces, for example, also provides separate fonts for
400-565: The pro-Beijing camp , until he stepped down and was succeeded by his son Kenneth Lau . The organisation has its own functional constituency seat in the Hong Kong Legislative Council . Despite having less than 150 registered voters, it also controls 26 seats on the 1200-member committee which selects the chief executive of Hong Kong . In 1906, eight years after the lease of the New Territories from
440-697: The Kuk's earliest days. After becoming a statutory advisory body, the Kuk met regularly with the New Territories Administration to discuss local issues and influence government policies. Tension came to a head in 1971 when a gathering of a thousand villagers in protest at government Small House Policy was described by the New Territories Commissioner Denis Bray as a "village uprising". As part of administrative reforms proposed by McKinsey in 1974,
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#1732771746331480-551: The Kuk. In October 2023, local news reported that the Kuk did not support building public housing on parts of the Hong Kong Golf Club . The Kuk advocates for the Small House Policy , a male-only policy which discriminates against female villagers. According to Apple Daily , males are entitled to build a house, worth approximately US$ 2,600,000 at around a cost of about US$ 700,000. Some villagers own
520-594: The Pak Nai area, which are the sand dunes of the Chen's homeland, Wu's homeland and a fortified structure. The Antiquities and Monuments Office found the Chen's relic in May, 1997, featuring a one-meter-high (3.3 ft) sand dune containing two culture levels. The excavation team found 4 postholes , 9 stone stoves, 3 kilns and 1 grave which it was the first time for Hong Kong excavating sun and moon utensils. The Wu's relic
560-555: The People's Republic of China, traditional Chinese characters are standardised according to the Table of Comparison between Standard, Traditional and Variant Chinese Characters . Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts. There are differences between the accepted traditional forms in mainland China and elsewhere, for example the accepted traditional form of 产 in mainland China
600-472: The Rural Committees, generally appointed by village consensus but sometimes by election, had to be male heads of households. After just one such election was found to have been rigged in 1957, the government withdrew recognition of the Kuk entirely. The committees were, in any event, only representative of indigenous villagers, excluding large swathes of the New Territories population right from
640-587: The United States during the second half of the 19th century, Chinese Americans have long used traditional characters. When not providing both, US public notices and signs in Chinese are generally written in traditional characters, more often than in simplified characters. In the past, traditional Chinese was most often encoded on computers using the Big5 standard, which favored traditional characters. However,
680-523: The application. In 2010, Lau hope to pass the assessment of the Town Planning Board by sharply reducing the scale of development and gave up building a golf course, as well as adding in more conservation features, in which the butterfly -protection area was on the government's land instead of his, showing little commitment to conservation. The Ha Pak Nai village representative complained that poor transportation arrangements ought to be fatal to
720-632: The colonial government established the position of Secretary for the New Territories to communicate with the Kuk and prepare for development of the area. Over the years the organisation has dabbled in charity work. For example, in 1966 it donated HK$ 660,000 to found the Heung Yee Kuk Yuen Long District Secondary School , in Yuen Long . The Kuk is almost exclusively operated by men. In 1994, legislator Christine Loh attempted to allow female villagers
760-477: The government to promote the welfare of the people of the New Territories". It was given formal status by the Heung Yee Kuk Ordinance (Chapter 1097) , first enacted 11 December 1959 (originally as no. 45 of 1959) amid the construction of the first New Towns in the New Territories. The Kuk then consisted of 27 Rural Committees representing, in turn, 651 villages. All village representatives on
800-493: The inverse is equally true as well. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional Chinese characters. In Hong Kong and Macau , traditional characters were retained during the colonial period, while the mainland adopted simplified characters. Simplified characters are contemporaneously used to accommodate immigrants and tourists, often from
840-550: The land for five years, and then illegally sell it to developers in a process called "flipping." In April 2019, the High Court ruled that two out of three methods for obtaining a small house grant (private treaty grants and exchanges) would become banned. The Kuk threatened to ask Beijing for help if an appeal to the April 2019 ruling was not granted, in addition to spending HKD $ 30M on the first round of judicial review. Despite
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#1732771746331880-663: The leases, including imposing a tax (known as a premium) on permission to build if granted. Tensions, whipped up by the newly formed Chinese Communist Party , boiled over in 1925 and the major upheavals of the Canton–Hong Kong strike crippled Hong Kong. It was in these circumstances that the Heung Yee Kuk was formed the next year from the New Territories Association of Agricultural, Industrial and Commercial Research, to "work and negotiate with
920-725: The mainland. The increasing use of simplified characters has led to concern among residents regarding protecting what they see as their local heritage. Taiwan has never adopted simplified characters. The use of simplified characters in government documents and educational settings is discouraged by the government of Taiwan. Nevertheless, with sufficient context simplified characters are likely to be successfully read by those used to traditional characters, especially given some previous exposure. Many simplified characters were previously variants that had long been in some use, with systematic stroke simplifications used in folk handwriting since antiquity. Traditional characters were recognized as
960-682: The majority of Chinese text in mainland China are simplified characters , there is no legislation prohibiting the use of traditional Chinese characters, and often traditional Chinese characters remain in use for stylistic and commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertising. Traditional Chinese characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promulgation of the current simplification scheme, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional Chinese characters continue to be used for ceremonial, cultural, scholarly/academic research, and artistic/decorative purposes. In
1000-983: The merging of previously distinct character forms. Many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between these character sets. Traditional characters are known by different names throughout the Chinese-speaking world. The government of Taiwan officially refers to traditional Chinese characters as 正體字 ; 正体字 ; zhèngtǐzì ; 'orthodox characters'. This term is also used outside Taiwan to distinguish standard characters, including both simplified, and traditional, from other variants and idiomatic characters . Users of traditional characters elsewhere, as well as those using simplified characters, call traditional characters 繁體字 ; 繁体字 ; fántǐzì ; 'complex characters', 老字 ; lǎozì ; 'old characters', or 全體字 ; 全体字 ; quántǐzì ; 'full characters' to distinguish them from simplified characters. Some argue that since traditional characters are often
1040-677: The official script in Singapore until 1969, when the government officially adopted Simplified characters. Traditional characters still are widely used in contexts such as in baby and corporation names, advertisements, decorations, official documents and in newspapers. The Chinese Filipino community continues to be one of the most conservative in Southeast Asia regarding simplification. Although major public universities teach in simplified characters, many well-established Chinese schools still use traditional characters. Publications such as
1080-449: The offshore mud flat . Among all the crabs found in the Ha Pak Nai area, the horseshoe crab is one of the most highly conserved species. Horseshoe crabs originate from 450 million years ago and are called " living fossils ". Because of the copper in their blood , which can be extracted to be applied in detecting bacteria , horseshoe crabs are highly valued in medicine. There are two major relics and one historical site found around
1120-700: The original standard forms, they should not be called 'complex'. Conversely, there is a common objection to the description of traditional characters as 'standard', due to them not being used by a large population of Chinese speakers. Additionally, as the process of Chinese character creation often made many characters more elaborate over time, there is sometimes a hesitation to characterize them as 'traditional'. Some people refer to traditional characters as 'proper characters' ( 正字 ; zhèngzì or 正寫 ; zhèngxiě ) and to simplified characters as 簡筆字 ; 简笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'simplified-stroke characters' or 減筆字 ; 减笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'reduced-stroke characters', as
1160-714: The plan. The government has already built facilities to introduce the fortified structure's information. In 2009 a Shenzhen official noted that the construction of the Western Express Line, a proposed railway linking the Hong Kong and Shenzhen airports, might stop in Sheung Pak Nai. However, the proposal has been shelved as a consultant hired by the Transport and Housing Bureau found that the line would cost "well in excess" of HK$ 110 billion and had poor financial viability and poor market demand. Located in
1200-833: The predominant forms. Simplified characters as codified by the People's Republic of China are predominantly used in mainland China , Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such is a retronym applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters. Traditional characters are commonly used in Taiwan , Hong Kong , and Macau , as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia. As for non-Chinese languages written using Chinese characters, Japanese kanji include many simplified characters known as shinjitai standardized after World War II, sometimes distinct from their simplified Chinese counterparts . Korean hanja , still used to
1240-470: The public has paid concern to a controversial development proposal, which eventually was dropped under objections. Besides its rich ecosystem, Pak Nai is known for its sunset views and historically-significant sites dating back to a couple thousand years ago. For electoral purposes, Ha Pak Nai and Sheung Pak Nai are part of the Ha Tsuen constituency. Ha Pak Nai's 6-kilometer-long (3.7 mi) shoreline
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1280-521: The ruling of Qing authority and conducted bomb tests. (Luo 1971:37) The structure was built by a core member of Hsing Chung Hui named Tang Yam-nam around 1910. It was the only solid evidence correlating the 1911 revolution and its movement leader Sun Yat-sen and his comrades. The structure served for the surveillance across the Deep Bay coast under the Qing authority. Ha Pak Nai ("Ha" means "lower")
1320-455: The same land-inheritance rights as men, but the Kuk protested, claiming that granting females equal inheritance rights would interfere with rural issues. The Kuk sent 25 members to London to protest against the bill, which eventually passed despite their protests. The Kuk was also involved with the Wang Chau housing controversy , where a planned development was downsized in the interests of
1360-521: The set of traditional characters is regulated by the Ministry of Education and standardized in the Standard Form of National Characters . These forms were predominant in written Chinese until the middle of the 20th century, when various countries that use Chinese characters began standardizing simplified sets of characters, often with characters that existed before as well-known variants of
1400-636: The traditional character set used in Taiwan ( TC ) and the set used in Hong Kong ( HK ). Most Chinese-language webpages now use Unicode for their text. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends the use of the language tag zh-Hant to specify webpage content written with traditional characters. In the Japanese writing system , kyujitai are traditional forms, which were simplified to create shinjitai for standardized Japanese use following World War II. Kyūjitai are mostly congruent with
1440-985: The traditional characters in Chinese, save for minor stylistic variation. Characters that are not included in the jōyō kanji list are generally recommended to be printed in their traditional forms, with a few exceptions. Additionally, there are kokuji , which are kanji wholly created in Japan, rather than originally being borrowed from China. In the Korean writing system , hanja —replaced almost entirely by hangul in South Korea and totally replaced in North Korea —are mostly identical with their traditional counterparts, save minor stylistic variations. As with Japanese, there are autochthonous hanja, known as gukja . Traditional Chinese characters are also used by non-Chinese ethnic groups. The Maniq people living in Thailand and Malaysia use Chinese characters to write
1480-518: The ubiquitous Unicode standard gives equal weight to simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and has become by far the most popular encoding for Chinese-language text. There are various input method editors (IMEs) available for the input of Chinese characters . Many characters, often dialectical variants, are encoded in Unicode but cannot be inputted using certain IMEs, with one example being
1520-479: The very west of New Territories , Pak Nai can be reached by minibus or taxi . Minibus number 33, from Tai Fung Street in the center of Yuen Long , drops off at Pak Nai, beside the mud-bank. 22°26′14″N 113°56′54″E / 22.4371°N 113.9483°E / 22.4371; 113.9483 Traditional Chinese characters Traditional Chinese characters are a standard set of Chinese character forms used to write Chinese languages . In Taiwan ,
1560-587: The words for simplified and reduced are homophonous in Standard Chinese , both pronounced as jiǎn . The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han dynasty c. 200 BCE , with the sets of forms and norms more or less stable since the Southern and Northern dynasties period c. the 5th century . Although
1600-539: Was found in September, 1997 by the same excavation team. They found culture levels in three time periods, having rammed earth foundations, stone artifacts and more. A fortified structure at No.55 Ha Pak Nai, which is a declared monument owing to its connection to the revolutionary movement of modern China under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen . Hsing Chung Hui ( Revive China Society ) members, who were KMT , stationed at Lower Pak Nai for preparation of overturning
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