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13-527: The area of the county does not form a geographical unit; it shares several features with the neighbouring areas: from northeast the sand hills of the Nyírség spread over the county borders. The western part is the Hortobágy National Park (" Puszta "), a large flat area of the country. The county of Hajdú–Bihar occupies the eastern part of Hungary. Most of its territory is completely flat and

26-576: A comparatively small number of inhabited places: 21 towns and 61 villages. The four largest cities – both by area and by population – are Debrecen, Hajdúböszörmény, Hajdúnánás and Hajdúszoboszló. (ordered by population, as of 2011 census) [REDACTED] municipalities are large villages. Hajdú-Bihar County has a partnership relationship with: 47°25′N 21°30′E  /  47.417°N 21.500°E  / 47.417; 21.500 Hortob%C3%A1gy National Park Hortobágy ( Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈhortobaːɟ] )

39-664: Is an 800 km national park in eastern Hungary , rich with folklore and cultural history . The park, a part of the Alföld (Great Plain), was designated as a national park in 1973 (the first in Hungary), and elected among the World Heritage Sites in 1999. The Hortobágy is Hungary's largest protected area, and the largest semi-natural grassland in Europe. Until recently it was believed that this alkaline steppe

52-474: Is an important stopover site for migrating common cranes , dotterels , and lesser white-fronted geese . Hortobágy is also a center for the breeding of Taurus cattle, one of several attempts to re-create the extinct aurochs . 47°36′N 21°06′E  /  47.600°N 21.100°E  / 47.600; 21.100 List of World Heritage Sites in Europe#Hungary This

65-523: Is part of the Pannonian Plain region (called the Grand Plain in the country). The highest point hardly rises over 170.5 metres in the north. It seems that the county slopes to the south because the lowest point is situated in this part of Hajdú-Bihar and hits the 85 metres height. The wind and rivers formed and shaped the land for thousands of years. First the area of the present-day Hungary

78-768: The Nine-holed Bridge . Traditional T-shaped sweep wells dot the landscape, as well as the occasional mirage of trees shimmering in the reflected heat of the puszta (steppe). Part of the national park is a dark sky preserve . Hortobágy has also had more negative connotations, as a site of forced labor under the communist regime . Hortobágy is a steppe , a grassy plain with Hungarian Grey cattle , racka , water buffalo , and horses tended by mounted herdsmen called Csikós . It provides habitat for various species including 342 species of birds. The red-footed falcon , stone curlew , great bustard and European roller are represented by breeding populations. The area

91-456: The 2011 census. Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census: Highways no. 4, 33, 35, 42 and 47 lead to the county and the county can also be reached Hajdú–Bihar via the M3 motorway (this motorway is now a spur to Debrecen). The total length of the public roads in the county is 1,511 km. 122 road bridges span the rivers and canals. The roads cross the national borders to Romania at

104-688: The Hajdú-Bihar plain as well and makes a fertile soil. There are two great rivers in this area, the Tisza and the Körös . The Hortobágy area was formed by the first one. It used to be the flood area of the Tisza river and after the river was controlled, the Hortobágy became dry, resulting in special fauna. Hajdú–Bihar county was created after World War II from the pre-1938 counties Hajdú and Bihar . See

117-602: The Northern Mountains. The formation was finished by grazing animals and wild horses during the Ice Age , followed by domesticated animals. The site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 because of its long cultural history (stretching back more than four millennia), its scenery, and its testimony to traditional methods of pastoralism . One of its most iconic sites is

130-593: The articles of those counties for the history before World War II. Religion in Hajdú-Bihar County (2022 census – of those who declared their religion (63.1%)) In 2015, it had a population of 537,268 and the population density was 87/km. The main minority populations in the county are Roma (about 18,000), Romanian (about 2,000), and German (about 1,000). Total population (2011 census): 546,721 Ethnic groups (2011 census): About 77,000 people in Hajdú-Bihar County did not declare their ethnicity during

143-467: The cities of Ártánd and Nyírábrány. The Hajdú–Bihar County Council, elected at the 2024 local government elections, is made up of 24 counselors, with the following party composition: The following members elected of the National Assembly during the 2022 parliamentary election : Hajdú–Bihar County has 1 urban county , 20 towns , 10 large villages and 51 villages. Hajdú–Bihar has

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156-613: Was formed by the clear cutting of huge forests in the Middle Ages , followed by measures to control the course of the Tisza River, allegedly resulting in the soil's current structure and pH . However, Hortobágy is much older, with alkalinization estimated to have started ten thousand years ago, when the Tisza first found its way through the Great Hungarian Plain , cutting off many streams from their sources in

169-478: Was occupied by an inland sea. Then, after some underground movement, the huge peaks of the Carpathians rose from this sea. The wild and rapid rivers of the mountains slowly made that inland sea disappear. Later, the great Hungarian plain was formed by the alluvial deposits of the rivers, the wind began to work and from the great rocks became smaller and smaller sand-grains, the so-called loess. This covers thickly

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