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25-720: The business was established in 1957 by Karl Hartmann in Frankfurt/Main under the name HAMEG KG . The company name is derived from Ha rtmann- Me ss g eräte. The first product was a 5 MHz one channel oscilloscope. In 2005, the company founder retired and the business was acquired by the electronics company Rohde & Schwarz with headquarters in Munich . During that time, the name was changed to HAMEG Instruments GmbH. HAMEG maintained subsidiaries in Chemnitz (product development) and Münchenbernsdorf ( PCB assembly) as well as

50-563: A conglomeration of property having legal personality but no shareholders; its activities involve managing its own funds and assets for the beneficiaries. Gesellschaft Gemeinschaft ( German pronunciation: [ɡəˈmaɪnʃaft] ) and Gesellschaft ( [ɡəˈzɛlʃaft] ), generally translated as " community and society ", are categories which were used by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in order to categorize social relationships into two types. The Gesellschaft

75-687: A distribution subsidiary in France (HAMEG Instruments France S.a.r.l.). At the end of 2010, HAMEG abandoned the manufacturing locations Mainhausen and Münchenbernsdorf and since then has moved production to the Rohde & Schwarz plant at Vimperk in the Czech Republic . In the wake of this transition, approximately 80 jobs were cut at HAMEG. Other company divisions such as development ( Mainhausen and Chemnitz), product management, sales, customer service and quality assurance have remained independent. At

100-436: Is a creditor with the portion of his contribution not consumed by losses. Strictly speaking, the dormant partnership is nothing more than an 'undisclosed participation'. A Civil-Law Association is not a legal entity and cannot sue or be sued. It is often used for single joint ventures (e.g. construction projects) and comes to an end when the joint project has been completed. A Private Foundation ( Privatstiftung ) constitutes

125-549: Is associated with modern society and rational self-interest, which weakens the traditional bonds of family and local community that typify the Gemeinschaft. Max Weber , a founding figure in sociology, also wrote extensively about the relationship between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft . Weber wrote in direct response to Tönnies. Defunct Defunct According to the dichotomy, social ties can be categorized, on one hand, as belonging to personal social interactions , and

150-429: Is restricted to their fixed contributions to the partnership. Although a partnership itself is not a legal entity, it may acquire rights and incur liabilities, acquire title to real estate and sue or be sued. For example, a Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung & Compagnie KG (GmbH & Co. KG) is a limited partnership with, typically, the sole general partner being a limited liability company. It can thus combine

175-471: Is the basis for Weber's three-component theory of stratification . Having put forward his conception of the Gemeinschaft – Gesellschaft dichotomy, Tönnies was drawn into a sharp polemic with Émile Durkheim . In a review of Tönnies's book in 1889, Durkheim interpreted Gemeinschaft as having mechanical solidarity , and Gesellschaft as having organic solidarity , reproaching Tönnies for considering

200-413: Is used in German , Belgian , Dutch , Austrian , and some other European legal systems. In Japan , it is called a gōshi gaisha . Its name derives from the commenda , an early Italian medieval form of limited partnership . In Indonesia , it is legally called commanditaire vennootschap ( CV ) or Persekutuan Komanditer , derived from colonial Dutch administration. Partnerships may be formed in

225-455: The philosophy of law . And it has been argued that he derived both categories from Hobbes's concepts of "concord" and "union". The second edition, published in 1912, of the work in which Tönnies further promoted the concepts turned out to be an unexpected but lasting success after the first edition was published in 1887 with the subtitle "Treatise on Communism and Socialism as Empirical Patterns of Culture". Seven more German editions followed,

250-408: The advantages of a partnership with those of the limited liability of a corporation. A dormant partnership ( stille Gesellschaft ) comes into existence when a person makes a contribution to an existing enterprise (company, partnership, sole proprietorship) and shares in the latter's profits. The dormant partner has no liability for the debts of the enterprise; in case of insolvency of the enterprise he

275-473: The best example of which is a commercial contract. To emphasize the fluidity and amorphousness of the relationship between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft , Weber modified the terms in German to Vergemeinschaftung , and Vergesellschaftung , which are the gerund forms of the German words. Weber's distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft is highlighted in the essay "Classes, Stände, Parties", which

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300-644: The company stated that "DSOs in principle can not replace analog oscilloscopes". In 2007, HAMEG produced the HM2008 oscilloscope (as shown in the picture) which includes an analog and a digital element as well as mixed-signal functions (4 digital channels). In late 2008, HAMEG introduced the first purely digital oscilloscope with TFT monitor at the electronica electronics trade fair in Munich, Germany. As all subsequently introduced instruments, these oscilloscopes include mixed-signal functions (8 or 16 digital channels) and

325-447: The division of labor and that Durkheim's whole sociology was a modification of Spencer's (who had his own dichotomy between what he called the "militant society" and the "industrial society"). In World War I propaganda self-sacrificing (virtuous) women were portrayed as the heart of the Gemeinschaft by providing the model for the dutiful wartime home maker supporting the war effort by sending their men (husbands and sons) to serve in

350-560: The end of 2011, Rohde & Schwarz announced that the company would offer the entire HAMEG product portfolio through its own European distribution network. Only a few months later, in February 2012, HAMEG launched a new product logo. This was the first time that the HAMEG affiliation with Rohde & Schwarz became visible on HAMEG products thanks to the dual name label. As of March 2013, HAMEG products have been made available virtually all over

375-418: The entry-level segment of the market and is particularly used at electronics laboratories, production supervision as well as at schools and universities. For a very long time, HAMEG was convinced of the benefits of analog technology in the context of the oscilloscope market. In 2004, when HAMEG introduced a new series of so-called CombiScopes (instruments which include both an analog and a digital operating mode),

400-499: The last in 1935, and it became part of the general stock of ideas with which pre-1933 German intellectuals were quite familiar. The book sparked a revival of corporatist thinking, including the rise of neo-medievalism , the rise of support for guild socialism , and caused major changes in the field of sociology. The distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft was a large part of the discussion and debate about what constitutes community, among heavily influenced social theorists in

425-559: The late nineteenth and early twentieth century such as Georg Simmel , Émile Durkheim and Max Weber . The concepts Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft were also used by Max Weber in Economy and Society , which was first published in 1921. Weber wrote in direct response to Tönnies, and argued that Gemeinschaft is rooted in a "subjective feeling" that may be "affectual or traditional". Gesellschaft -based relationships, according to Weber, are rooted in "rational agreement by mutual consent",

450-527: The legal forms of General Partnership ( Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts , GbR), or specialized in trading ( Offene Handelsgesellschaft , OHG), or Limited Partnership ( Kommanditgesellschaft , KG). In the OHG, all partners are fully liable for the partnership's debts, whereas in the KG there are general partners ( Komplementär ) with unlimited liability and limited partners ( Kommanditisten ) whose liability

475-450: The option to decode serial buses such as I2C , SPI , CAN and LIN . For instruments with TFT monitors, HAMEG skipped the entire generation of the classical, purely digital storage oscilloscopes (DSO) without MSO functions. By 2012, HAMEG had developed a product range of 11 MSO instruments and one analog oscilloscope. In autumn of 2012, HAMEG announced intentions to soon discontinue production of analog oscilloscopes. Allegedly, this decision

500-436: The roles, values, and beliefs based on such interactions ( Gemeinschaft , German, commonly translated as " community "), or on the other hand as belonging to indirect interactions, impersonal roles, formal values, and beliefs based on such interactions ( Gesellschaft , German, commonly translated as society as in association, corporation, including company, modern state and academia). The Gemeinschaft–Gesellschaft dichotomy

525-601: The second type of social organisation artificial and not expanding on the transition from the one type to the other. Durkheim stated that Tönnies's approach to understanding Gesellschaft was "completely ideological" but that "one cannot fail to recognize in this book truly forceful thinking and an uncommon power of organization." Tönnies did not agree with Durkheim's interpretation of his views, and in turn, when reviewing Durkheim's The Division of Labour in Society (1896), wrote that Durkheim failed to deal critically enough with

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550-406: The war, and maintaining the home in their absence. (In the wartime propaganda this "virtuous woman" was an ideal contrasted to less desirable archetypes that was presented as immoral or unethical women). Eric Hobsbawm argued that, as globalization turns the entire planet into an increasingly remote kind of Gesellschaft , so too collective identity politics seeks for a fictitious remaking of

575-517: The world through the Rohde & Schwarz distribution network. In June 2014 Rohde & Schwarz announced that in the future all new products from HAMEG will be marketed under the name Rohde & Schwarz . The range of products offered by HAMEG includes analog oscilloscopes , mixed-signal oscilloscopes (MSO), spectrum analyzers , function generators , RF generators , laboratory power supply units, programmable power supplies and modular laboratory measuring components. The company primarily serves

600-421: Was partly due to obstacles in sourcing cathode ray tubes . In February 2013, HAMEG introduced a new series of mixed-signal oscilloscopes with up to 500 MHz bandwidth. Kommanditgesellschaft A Kommanditgesellschaft (abbreviated KG , pronounced [kɔmanˈdɪtɡəˌzɛlʃaft] ; from Kommandite + Gesellschaft ) is the German name for a limited partnership business entity and

625-425: Was proposed by Tönnies as a purely conceptual tool rather than as an ideal type in the way it was used by Max Weber to accentuate the key elements of a historical social change. Tönnies was a Thomas Hobbes scholar—he edited the standard modern editions of Hobbes's The Elements of Law and Leviathan . It was his study of Hobbes that encouraged Tönnies to devote himself wholly to the philosophy of history and

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