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68-570: The history of the Hartford Electric Light Company (HELCO) begins with the Hartford Steam Company. The steam company built the originally brick building in 1880 (See 'The Hartford Electric Light Company, Pearl Street plant, circa 1902'). The building had about a dozen boilers for producing heat and steam for their customers. The steam company introduced a new technology in 1881, an electric generator. It

136-536: A full-service restaurant, banquet hall and meeting rooms. Hartford's Upper Albany neighborhood is a large residential area extending on either side of Albany Avenue, one of the city's major traffic arteries, which runs through the center of the Upper Albany Historic District in a northwest–southeast direction and connects the area to downtown Hartford. Upper Albany is characterized almost exclusively by large, two-family frame houses built in

204-568: A military campground in both the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, due to the open fields west of Campfield Avenue. In fact, this how the street acquired its name—the camp field stretched south and east from the site of the existing Campfield branch of the Hartford Public Library. The Collegiate Gothic architecture of Trinity College Trinity College's campus dominates the northeast corner of the neighborhood, on land that

272-739: A steam turbine for a public utility to generate electricity. They installed the steam turbine generator in 1901 and it became known as "Mary-Ann." HELCO made several innovations in the electrical industry. They became standard practices. HELCO was the first electric company in the United States to transmit three-phase alternating current at high voltage for long distances. The company did this in 1893 from their Rainbow Hydroelectric Station in Windsor, Connecticut , to its main station in Hartford – some eight miles away. Hartford Electric Light Company

340-683: A third of the block. The district's architecture typifies the city's development between about 1880 and 1930; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Within the district are the former Sport and Medical Science Academy building (a non-contributing property), and the Central Fire Station of the Hartford Fire Department. The district includes location of the Hartford Steam Company generating plant. Other contributing properties in

408-429: A trip to London in 1851, Colt embarked upon one of the boldest real estate development campaigns in Hartford's history. His intention to build an industrial community to house his workers adjacent to the armory. While not the largest, the most prominent or the most tightly controlled of America's 19th century company towns , Coltsville was among the country's first – and easily the most advanced of its time. By 1856, it

476-554: Is city's second oldest cemetery, dating to 1770. Originally called the Hartford Retreat for the Insane, The Institute of Living was founded in 1822. One of the oldest psychiatric treatment facilities in the country, landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted , laid out the grounds as a park-like campus of 35 acres (14 ha). Today, it is part of Hartford Hospital and serves as a patient care, research and education facility in

544-468: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The character of Albany Avenue changed rapidly after World War I. It became largely commercial, with some older homes torn down to make way for businesses, and retail store fronts added to other residences. By 1920, most of the property owners in the area were Irish or Jewish because of the close-knit communities that had developed. Part of

612-456: Is mostly flat until it slopes downward at its western edge, along the flood plain of the north branch of the now-buried Park River . Aside from the river, it is bound on its other three sides by railroad tracks and I-84 . Originally known as 'Lords Hill', the area was primarily farmland and named after one of the city's original settlers. In the early 1800s, the area was dominated by the 100-acre (0.40 km ) Imlay farm, which occupied most of

680-540: Is one of Hartford's oldest neighborhoods, developed in the middle and late 19th century. It was mainly farmland prior to 1847, when the Hartford and Springfield Railroad , which now forms the neighborhood's eastern border, was constructed. The section west of Main Street lies on a gentle rise above Downtown and is known as Clay Hill, so named for the type of soil there. The area east of Main Street has been known since 1812 as

748-551: Is one of the last of its kind in Hartford. Capewell continued to manufacture horsenails and other products at its Bloomfield facility until its closure in 2012. Towards the end of the 19th century, an influx of Polish immigrants occurred. Many worked in Hartford's factories and shops, including Colt and Capewell. The concentration of factories in the neighborhood allowed the Polish immigrants to settle along Sheldon, Governor, Woodbridge and Union streets. A second influx of Polish to

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816-495: Is roughly triangular, extending from South Green along Main Street and Wethersfield Avenue to include Morris, Dean, and Alden Streets. South Green is home to Barnard Park in honor of Henry Barnard , located on Main Street. Hartford Hospital , the largest hospital in the area, and the adjacent Connecticut Children's Medical Center , which is the only hospital primarily for children, are also located in South Green. South of

884-731: Is still a major Italian presence in that portion of the city. Eric Mangini, the former head coach of the New York Jets and the Cleveland Browns grew up on Franklin Avenue. There are numerous Italian bakeries and merchants along Franklin Avenue. In the past few decades, there has been migration out of the South End, with many Puerto Rican families moving into the neighborhood but nevertheless there are many local favorites (restaurants, bakeries and stores) that draw people back into

952-570: The American School for the Deaf , which was the first of its kind in the country. It remained at its original location for 100 years. The area became known as Asylum Hill. John Hooker and Francis Gillette purchased the farm in 1853 for the purpose of developing the real estate into smaller holdings. They built their own homes and encouraged friends to do the same. As a result, a literary colony developed that included Isabella Beecher Hooker ,

1020-631: The Hartford Seminary are located in the West End. Prospect Avenue boasts belle epoque and jazz age mansions, including the Governor's Mansion. Grand estates also line Scarborough Street, including the former residence of A. Everett 'Chick' Austin (Director of Wadsworth Atheneum from 1927 to 1944). The southern West End and Parkville also constitute a local gay village , with many notable residents — including former Mayor Pedro Segarra ,

1088-661: The State Capitol until Laurel Street, and south towards Trinity College . The area takes its name from the marshy conditions in the low land near what is now the corner of Broad and Ward streets. Most of the area was farmland until 1852 when the Sharps Rifle Manufacturing Company constructed a factory, beginning the area's transformation into a major industrial area. Although not the first factory to be situated along now-buried Park River , Sharps located there specifically to take advantage of

1156-496: The Travelers Insurance Company . The Goodwin and Batterson estates were the major features of the area in the 19th century. Just prior to 1900, the extension of Hartford's electric streetcar system up Albany Avenue enhanced the area's residential possibility. Real estate development companies quickly capitalized purchasing the acreage, laying out new streets, platting out house lots, and constructing most of

1224-495: The United States are varied and historic. Downtown is Hartford's primary business district. It is the location of the city government offices as well as the State Capitol . Parkville is a mixed industrial-residential area on Hartford's west side, bounded by Capitol Avenue, Interstate 84, and New Park Avenue. It was one of the city's last areas to be developed. Frog Hollow stretches along Capitol Avenue directly west of

1292-522: The "Mark III" in 1897. Pope's venture might have made Hartford the capital of the automobile industry were it not for the ascendency of Henry Ford and a series of pitfalls and patent struggles that outlived Pope himself. After his business failed, Pope donated a 75-acre (300,000 m ) parcel park provides recreational facilities for neighborhood families. Today, the park provides recreational facilities for neighborhood families. Park Street has also been called "New England's Spanish Main Street" because of

1360-586: The 19th-century residential period, a number of significant religious institutions are located in the neighborhood, including the Asylum Hill Congregational Church (1864) (where Mark Twain's good friend Joseph Twichell was minister for nearly 50 years) and the Trinity Episcopal Church (1890s). The modernist Cathedral of St. Joseph , was constructed in the mid-20th century and dedicated in 1962. Asylum Hill also

1428-529: The Arsenal District, when a State Arsenal was constructed on the corner of North Main and Pavilion streets. The Arsenal was demolished in 1909. The mid-19th century development of the Clay Hill area from rural to urban conditions was caused by the strong industrial growth of the city. As the city's factories rapidly grew more successful, the community at large was forced to keep up. The changes took

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1496-669: The Colt Armory stands a monument to Hartford's first "celebrity industrialist," and the once mighty empire he created. Following her son's death, Elizabeth Colt commissioned the Church of the Good Shepherd in 1896 as a monument to his life. Built in High Victorian Gothic style, architectural features include a variety of gun parts, such as bullet molds, gunsights and cylinders. This unusual characteristic earns

1564-675: The Connecticut Culinary Institute, which was recently renamed the Lincoln Culinary Institute , opened a branch in the former Hastings Hotel and Conference Center next to the world headquarters of Aetna . The Hastings was primarily a business hotel; President Bill Clinton stayed here when he visited the city while he was in office. The hotel closed abruptly in 2003, but reopened as the Lincoln Education Center. In late 2016,

1632-585: The Connecticut Royal Charter of 1662 to protect it from confiscation by an English governor-general. Thus the grand, stately tree came to symbolize the power of nature as a defender of freedom throughout Connecticut. In fact, the state adopted the image as the emblem of the Connecticut state quarter. The Charter Oak Monument is located at the corner of Charter Oak Place, a historic street, and Charter Oak Avenue. The greatest influence on

1700-584: The Dutch under Adrian Block landed there in 1614, which was about two decades before the English settlers came there. This plant started in operation in 1905, and before this the main electricity supply for the city of Hartford came from the original Pearl street plant of the Hartford Electric Light Company. HELCO constructed in 1899 a dam on the Farmington River at Tariffville, which is on the edge of

1768-733: The Gillettes, Charles Dudley Warner , Harriet Beecher Stowe , Mark Twain , and other reformers and activists. The area became known as Nook Farm , taking its name from the bend‚ or “nook‚” in the Park River‚ which bordered the area. Some houses of this colony still survive. Most notably, the home of Samuel Clemens who wrote under the pseudonym Mark Twain . He created some of his most notable works, including The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court , while living in Hartford. These houses, along with

1836-493: The Katherine Day House, are preserved as museums open to the public. By the early 1900s Asylum Hill had become an established residential area, with spacious Victorian -style homes. Beginning in the 1920s, major insurance companies began moving from downtown to Asylum Hill and would bring major change with office development. The Hartford was the first major corporation to move into the neighborhood, followed by

1904-678: The Lincoln Culinary Institute announced that it was closing. The West End neighborhood, which runs from the Park River, just past the Mark Twain House to the West Hartford border, was mostly farmland until 1870. During the 1900s–1920s many two and three story homes were built, lending a residential, Victorian air to the neighborhood which persists to this day. Elizabeth Park [1] in the West End

1972-652: The Little River, to contrast it with the Connecticut, the Great River. The area became known as Dutch Point, and the name of the Dutch fort, "House of Hope," is reflected in the name of Huyshope Avenue. It was here that, in 1636, the first English colonists founded the settlement of Hartford and laid out house lots in the South Plantation. The area was the site of The Charter Oak , an unusually old white oak tree in which, according to legend, colonists hid

2040-526: The Rossia Insurance Company (now Northeastern Insurance Company) and Aetna . To make room for corporate headquarters, employee parking and housing, blocks of single family homes were gradually replaced by apartment buildings with small one-bedroom and efficiency apartments. Aetna remains as a major fixture along Farmington Avenue and recently moved more than 3,400 of their Middletown employees to its Hartford campus. With many dating from

2108-614: The South End. The area's Italian population came out in full force when Italy won the FIFA World Cup in 2006 with thousands marching and driving down Franklin Avenue for hours with Italian flags raised high. In recent years many eastern European ethnic groups have moved into South End neighborhoods, predominantly Bosnians , Albanians and other ethnic groups from the former Republic of Yugoslavia . The Hartford portion of 237-acre (0.96 km ) Goodwin Park (85 acres of which are in

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2176-413: The South Green neighborhood is Barry Square, named for Father Michael Barry, Roman Catholic priest of St. Augustine's Church on Campfield Avenue, built in 1902. Many early parishioners at St. Augustine's were Irish who came to Hartford as laborers, the greatest number having come from County Kerry . This is Hartford's original Irish neighborhood. Historically, the central part of the neighborhood served as

2244-570: The United States. Wanting to contract out his first order, however, Pope approached George Fairfield of Hartford, and the Weed Sewing Machine Company produced Pope's first run of bicycles in 1878. Bicycles proved to be a huge commercial success and production in the Weed factory expanded, with Weed making every part but the tires, and by 1890, demand for bicycles overshadowed the failing sewing machine market. That year, Pope bought

2312-521: The Weed factory, took over as its president, and renamed it the Pope Manufacturing Company . The bicycle boom was short-lived, peaking near the turn of the century when more and more consumers craved individual automobile travel, and Pope's company suffered financially from over-production amidst falling demand. In an effort to save his business, Pope opened a Motor Carriage Department and turned out electric carriages, beginning with

2380-514: The area began to see a growing number of Puerto Rican and West Indian families as well. Maple Avenue, Wethersfield Avenue and Franklin Avenue are the three major roads in the South End, adjacent to the Hartford- Wethersfield town line in the southern part of the city. Franklin Avenue is known as the city's Little Italy . Although many Italians have moved just over the border to Wethersfield , Newington , and Rocky Hill , there

2448-642: The area during World War I grew the community. In 1913, the Polish National Alliance was formed to assist both newcomers and established residents and, in 1915, a new Saints Cyril and Methodius church was built on Governor Street to accommodate the ever-expanding congregation. The Polish National Home is a cultural and social organization that was created more than 80 years ago to serve the Polish-American community in Hartford. The 1930 Art Deco building on Charter Oak Avenue contains

2516-406: The area, but for the most part the land remained undeveloped. Albany Avenue had been a major thoroughfare since it was established as a turnpike at the beginning of the 19th century, but there were few houses along it. Most of the land along Albany Avenue was owned by railroad and insurance entrepreneur James Goodwin, with additional acreage held by James G. Batterson , a quarry owner and president of

2584-466: The attraction to the neighborhood was the proximity to Keney Park . The southernmost entrance is located on Greenfield Street. By the end of the 1920s the district was a multi-ethnic area with distinct Jewish, Irish, and Italian elements. During and following World War II, the number of Black families living in Hartford increased dramatically, more than tripling as a percentage of the city's population between 1940 and 1960. Upper Albany continued to reflect

2652-507: The building the title of likely being the only church in the world with a gun motif. When Elizabeth Colt died in 1904, she willed the majority of her estate, Armsmear, to the City of Hartford for use as a public park. Today, the 105 acres (42 ha) Colt Park services the community with a number of athletic fields, playgrounds, a swimming pool, playground, skating rink and Dillon Stadium . Another Hartford industrialist who made his mark in

2720-641: The development of Sheldon/Charter Oak and South Green was Samuel Colt , inventor of the automatic revolver , and his wife Elizabeth Colt . Although Colt is often considered the father of the Connecticut River Valley industrial revolution, there were in fact a handful of small outfits already in operation by the time the Colt Armory opened in 1848 in the South Meadows area of Sheldon/Charter Oak. Inspired by what he had seen during

2788-552: The district include St. Patrick - St. Anthony Roman Catholic Church (built in 1849), the Masonic Temple (built in 1894) and the Hotel Lenox (also known as Hartford Hotel), a Beaux-Arts eclectic style building at 280-294 Ann Street, built in 1899. One unusual inclusion is Metropolitan Garage on Hicks Street; built in 1930, it is an early example of a multi-level parking garage . Another property that shows evidence of

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2856-674: The electric range. There were about 20,000 ranges put into homes throughout the Hartford area. HELCO's president received patents for an electrical radiator to heat water and an ice-making machine. Many of the homes of Hartford had these electrical appliances by 1915. The original property at 266 Pearl Street is within the Ann Street Historic District and is now the Connecticut Light & Power Company. Neighborhoods of Hartford, Connecticut#Sheldon The neighborhoods of Hartford, Connecticut in

2924-459: The ethnic make-up of Hartford, as Black families bought homes in the neighborhood. Today, the neighborhood is composed of predominantly African-American, Puerto Rican and West Indian residents. One of the poorest neighborhoods in Hartford, it has a strong presence of community groups that are working towards revitalization through economic development. It is home to Artist Collective and new University of Hartford Performing Arts Center Clay Arsenal

2992-611: The fields of behavioral, psychiatric and addiction disorders. Ann Street Historic District The Ann Street Historic District is a historic district encompassing part of Downtown Hartford in Hartford, Connecticut . A commercial and light industrial area, the district includes properties along Ann Uccello Street (formerly called Ann Street) from Chapel Street south to Hicks Street. It also includes properties east of Ann Street fronting Pearl Street and Hicks Street to roughly Haynes Street, as well as properties west of Ann Uccello Street fronting Allyn and Asylum Streets to roughly

3060-470: The first steam turbine by a public utility to produce electricity in America. The steam turbine electrical generator was called Mary-Ann . It was installed at their Pearl Street plant in 1901. The Pearl Street plant also powered the city's street cars. The plant became a substation in 1905 when HELCO's Dutch Point plant was constructed and put in full operation. Dutch point in Hartford was so named because

3128-697: The first two decades of the 20th century, when the area was developed as middle-class housing in the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles. Prior to the 1890s the land which is included in the Upper Albany Historic District was occupied by family farms or by large estates associated with some of Hartford's leading families; it was mostly open. In 1871, the construction of the Connecticut Western Railroad (south of Homestead Avenue) attracted some industry to

3196-561: The form of converting the farmland of long time residents to city streets for new homeowners. Multi-family dwellings were the dominant development in the late 19th century as the neighborhood became home to Irish and Jewish working-class families. The Irish had been emigrating to Hartford through a recruitment effort for work on the Enfield Falls Canal in Windsor Locks . Although he area has been primarily residential, in

3264-515: The houses which now stand in the district. Hartford's oldest surviving school building is the North-West School . Built in 1891 as an addition to another school, and with other subsequent additions enlarging the facility, the school functioned until 1978 and is a well-preserved example of a late 19th-century school building, considered state of the art at the time of its construction. All but the current building were demolished. The building

3332-565: The land from present-day Imlay Street west to the north branch of the Park River, and from Farmington Avenue south to the Park River. In 1807 the Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons was founded here and its first student, Alice Cogswell , was enrolled. She is depicted in a commemorative statue, designed by Frances Wadsworth , that honors Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet , Mason F. Cogswell and Laurent Clerc , founders of

3400-399: The main plant and supplied all the electricity for Hartford. The Connecticut Power Company entered into a power exchange agreement with HELCO in 1915 where they would work together to get electricity to each other's customers as needed. HELCO built a power station in 1921 at South Meadows in Hartford. HELCO had just over three thousand customers in 1900. Fifty years later their customer base

3468-460: The neighborhood is George Capewell . In 1881, he invented a machine that efficiently manufactured horseshoe nails, and his success made Hartford the "horseshoe nail capitol" of the world. The Capewell Horse Nail Company factory was built in 1903 at the corner of Charter Oak Avenue and Popieluszko Court. Shuttered by mid-century, it is slated to be turned into apartments. The factory's Romanesque Revival square tower and high pyramid-shaped slate roof

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3536-732: The post-Civil War era, the railroad attracted businesses, including a lumber yard, brewery and carriage works. Additionally, the Hartford County Jail was built in 1873 on Seyms Street. Designed by Hartford architect George Keller, it embodied the High Victorian Gothic style. The structure was demolished in 1978. In 1895, Clay Hill was predominantly Irish. At about the same time, large numbers of Jews began arriving from Eastern Europe. The African-American community grew significantly during World War I when large numbers of southern blacks began to arrive. After World War II,

3604-464: The predominantly Puerto Rican population and merchants. Former Hartford Mayor Eddie Perez hoped to attract new merchants looking to expand their businesses into Hartford and in 2005, plans were first floated to spend $ 64 million on a project at the intersection of Park Street and Main Street. Original plans included two luxury condo towers, some retail, and a massive main square—or Plaza Mayor, as it came to be known. The plan later got smaller in size, and

3672-508: The railroad line that had been constructed along the river in 1838. After the Sharps Rifle Company failed in 1870, the Weed Sewing Machine Company took over its factory and soon surpassed the Colt Armory in nearby Coltsville in size. Inspired by a British-made, high-wheel bicycle, or velocipede, he saw at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition , industrialist Albert Pope bought patent rights for bicycle production in

3740-580: The second openly gay mayor of a US state's capital city. The neighborhood is located just south of Downtown Hartford and Charter Oak Avenue, between Wethersfield Avenue and the Connecticut River . In the neighborhood, the now-buried Park River connects to the Connecticut River via an underground conduit. In 1633, the Dutch chartered a trading post on the south bank of the river in the present-day Sheldon/Charter Oak, then known as

3808-548: The town of Simsbury, Connecticut . There a powerhouse was built to generate electricity. This power plant was built with two pairs of 1300 horsepower water wheels. They connected to two seven-hundred kilowatt generators made by Westinghouse. This was the first time aluminum was used for the conductors in a transmission line. The Tariffville dam with the powerhouse was destroyed by flooding that came about because of two sequential hurricanes in August 1955. The Connecticut Power Company

3876-487: The town of Wethersfield) is in the South End. The green was originally laid out as a common pasture in the 17th century and remained so well into the 19th century. The South Green Historic District encompasses a predominantly 19th-century residential area. This area features a variety of residences in both high and common styles, from the elaborate home of armsmaker Samuel Colt to multi-unit apartment houses, many of which were built between about 1860 and 1900. The district

3944-580: Was almost ninety thousand. At that time they served Hartford and the surrounding area of about two hundred and fifty square miles. HELCO merged with the Connecticut Power Company in 1958. These merged with the Connecticut Light and Power Company (CL&P) and the Western Massachusetts Electric Company (WMECO) in 1966 to form Northeast Utilities (NU). HELCO was the first company in America to use

4012-476: Was Hartford's first electric service. The Hartford Electric Light Company (HELCO) in 1881 received its charter as an official company and took over the electrical part of Hartford Steam Company. At that time Hartford had about a thousand gaslights in 80 miles of the city streets. It began actual operations of the steam-powered electrical generating plant on Pearl Street in 1882. Austin Cornelius Dunham

4080-477: Was a city within a city, where workers of many nationalities and religions worked, lived and recreated alongside one another. Colt's complex also included the largest armory in the world, wharf and ferry facilities on the Connecticut River, and a gathering place named Charter Oak Hall for community gathering and leisure. Crowning the hilltop in the northwest corner of the complex was Armsmear , an enormous Italian villa Colt built for himself and his wife in 1857 that

4148-612: Was created in 1895, when Charles N. Pond gave his estate to the Hartford Parks Commission which created the park and named it in honor of his wife. The park boasts a playground, softball field, and other recreational facilities in addition to views of the downtown skyline. It features the oldest, and one of the largest, municipal rose gardens in the United States. Elizabeth Park's famous rose arches were designed by noted rosarian Theodore Wirth in 1904. The University of Connecticut School of Law , Watkinson School and

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4216-513: Was eventually shelved entirely during the Great Recession . The neighborhood is home to Hartford Superior Court, Hartford Community Court, Family Court, Trinity College , The Learning Corridor , The Lyceum Resource and Conference Center , and Broad Street Juvenile Court. Asylum Hill is a 615-acre (2.49 km ) centrally located Hartford neighborhood with about 10,500 residents. It rises uphill directly west of Downtown Hartford but

4284-545: Was formed in 1899 as the Marine Power Company. A 1909 engineering report describes the station and its equipment as having two water-power stations (See 'HELCO electrical network in 1909') operated in conjunction with it (#1 plant & #2 plant). The two electrical generator plants were located on the Farmington river about twelve miles from Hartford. The three plants were connected together and regulated at

4352-491: Was formerly known as "Gallows Hill" due to the number of hangings there. Although originally located in downtown Hartford where the Connecticut State Capitol building when founded in 1823, Trinity moved to its current site in 1872 after it purchased the land from the city of Hartford. The Old South Burying Ground on Maple Avenue was established when the first burying ground in Hartford became filled. It

4420-548: Was home to many educational institutions. The original Hartford Public High School was designed by architect George Keller . It was demolished in 1963 to make way for construction of Interstate 84. Saint Francis Hospital was established in 1897 by the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Chambéry . The 617-bed acute care hospital is located on Woodland Street and is the largest Catholic hospital in New England . In March 2006,

4488-405: Was likely by far the most luxurious structure in Hartford by fair at the time. After a major fire destroyed the original armory in 1864, Colt's widow had the original armory rebuilt including the original structure's most dramatic feature: the blue onion dome with gold starts, topped by a gold orb and a rampant colt, the original symbol of Colt Manufacturing Company . Visible to commuters on I-91,

4556-523: Was the company's first president. The first major project the company did was electrical lighting to the Asylum Street railroad station in 1883. HELCO ultimately made Hartford the first city in America with an all-electric street lighting system. Hartford Light and Power Company, HELCO's competitor, bought the steam company and HELCO eventually vacated by 1887. HELCO bought Hartford Light and Power Company in 1896. They then returned to their original Pearl Street plant. The Hartford Electric Light Company operated

4624-416: Was the first to use a storage battery in conjunction with the electricity produced at a hydraulic powerhouse. The innovation made it possible to collect and store water power energy that would have gone unused during low demand periods. This energy could then be returned when the demands were higher. The president of HELCO invented an electric range that had a broiler, cooker, and roaster. The company marketed

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