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72-456: Hemse is a locality situated on the Swedish island of Gotland with 1,700 inhabitants in 2014. It is the second largest locality (after Visby ) on the island. Hemse is the main center of population in the southern part of the island, and it is known for its markets. Hemse is also the name of the larger populated area, socken (not to be confused with parish ). It comprises the same area as

144-442: A 25 km long track between Laimo and Salmi was built at the initiatives of the locals and finished in 1962; however, this track, called Talmavägen, is not connected to any other road. Increased communications were also beneficial for tourism. Swedish Railways had already run special trains before World War II, but started a special Dollar train in the summer months between Gothenburg and Kiruna, connecting to cruise ships from

216-424: A 70% drop in ore production, a drop that would turn into a dramatic increase on the eve of World War II . Although some tourists had already started coming to the area in the 19th century, the completion of the railway line truly made tourism possible. Tourists came for the rivers and the mountains, but also geologists and entire classes of students came to see the mine. Additionally, a yearly winter sports festival

288-573: A Sámi man, in 1736 to Swedish authorities that had gathered in Jukkasjärvi Church . Soon after the reported finding Swedish senior enforcement officer and cartographer Anders Hackzell mapped the Kiruna area in 1736. He gave the mountains of the area their Swedish language names Fredriks berg (original Finnish name still in use as well: Kiirunavaara) and Berget Ulrika Eleonora (original Finnish name still in use as well: Luossavaara), after

360-669: A large amount of military equipment, ammunition and, secretly, troops from southern to northern Norway, via Malmbanan and Kiruna. Troops were often transported in transports declared as material transports. Despite being strictly against the rules, there was considerable interaction between the German soldiers and the Swedish locals, including trading and football matches. During the war, up to 2,000 refugees from 20 countries were kept in Kiruna. German prisoners of war, for example, from crashed airplanes, were kept in Kiruna before being transported south. However, small-scale sabotage, such as sand in

432-774: A location in Gotland County , Sweden is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Urban areas in Sweden In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population. Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort . The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, " locality " ( Swedish : ort ). It could be compared with " census-designated places " in

504-459: A major role as a source of national income and employment for Kiruna and the surrounding region. As with most of Northern Sweden the area is rich with Magnetite which is mined to produce various Iron ore products which are then transported by rail to Narvik port in Norway to be shipped to customers around the world. Large-scale mining in Kiruna started in the 19th century right around the time

576-406: A research mine. While 19th-century mining in Kiruna had focused on Luossavaara the large-scale operation of LKAB focused on the Kiruna ore proper because it was both larger and not subject to legal restrictions that mandate Luossavaara ore to be refined in Sweden. During the first decades of Kiruna's existence, no road connected it to the outside world. The only connection was by railway or, as in

648-426: A road up the mine was built 1949. The city line had a maximum length of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) and was unique due to the 1-meter gauge , double-glazed windows and heated wagons. It closed in 1958 after gradually being replaced by buses. Between 1941 and 1964, a tram was used inside the mine, with wagons bought from closed tramlines throughout Sweden. The iron ore industry was good in the early 20th century. Before

720-407: A satellite station at Salmajärvi, near Esrange, since 1989. In 1987, Umeå University started a space engineering program in Kiruna, and GIS education was started by Luleå University of Technology in 1991. In 1993, The Umeå space engineers moved to the same building housing IRF and a year later another Luleå University programme, civil engineering with specialisation in space technology, started at

792-463: A short and practical name that could also be pronounced by Swedish-speaking inhabitants. The name means rock ptarmigan in Sámi and Finnish. LKAB appointed Hjalmar Lundbohm , who had finished neither high school nor his geology studies, as local manager in Kiruna. Before the design for the settlement had been accepted, houses were built in a disorganized manner with illegal slums similar to those in

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864-510: A statistical problem. The census of 1910 introduced the concept of "densely populated localities in the countryside". The term tätort (literally "dense place") was introduced in 1930. The municipal amalgamations placed more and more rural areas within city municipalities, which was the other side of the same problem. The administrative boundaries were in fact not suitable for defining rural and urban populations. From 1950 rural and urban areas had to be separated even within city limits, as, e.g.,

936-519: A travel centre, the new locations for the city hall and the church, an artificial lake, and an extension of the Luossavaara hill into the city. The location of the new section of the E10 was still uncertain, as was the location of the railway and the railway station. A more official sketch was published early in spring 2008, which was then discussed with various interest groups before a further version

1008-502: Is a major tourist attraction. The re-development of Kiruna is a reconstruction project, as the Kirunavaara mine, run by LKAB , undermines the existing town centre. Several buildings are to be moved or demolished. The town center is to be moved 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) to the east. In 2004, it was decided that the present centre of the municipality would have to be relocated to counter mining-related subsidence . The relocation

1080-429: Is built each winter, attracting tourists from all over the world. The twin cities Gällivare and Malmberget are some 120 km south of Kiruna. Kiruna became a Swedish city on January 1, 1948, and was at one time listed as the largest city in the world by area, even if most of its territory was non-urban. After the Swedish municipality reform in the 1970s, the term "city" has been legally discontinued. Today only

1152-793: Is located relatively close to both countries. This led to many soldiers being transported to the area whenever mobilisation was requested; first in September 1939 after the German invasion of Poland , then in November 1939 after the Russian invasion of Finland , but in both cases, Swedish soldiers did not engage in any fighting. In March 1940, Churchill requested permission to transport soldiers from Narvik in Norway to Finland via Kiruna and Haparanda in Operation Catherine . Out of fear that

1224-443: Is preserved and can be seen at Hjalmar Lundbohmsgården . In 1899, 18 people were registered as living in soon-to-be Kiruna. This increased to 222 in 1900, 7,438 in 1910 and 12,884 in 1930. The residences did not fully keep up with this rapid growth; by 1910, there were 1,877 official rooms and some unrecognised residences, which meant that an average of three to four people lived in a single room; this density decreased steadily during

1296-456: Is still one of Kiruna's biggest companies. Germany requested that Sweden provide use of the railway network to transport military equipment, but the Swedish government agreed only to transitering av human karaktär, men ej underhåll till stridande trupp (transit of humanitarian character, but no supply of fighting soldiers). Germany argued that, now that Norway was occupied, the German soldiers there were no longer fighting, and thus transported

1368-747: Is the northernmost city in Sweden , situated in the province of Lapland . It had 17,002 inhabitants in 2016 and is the seat of Kiruna Municipality (population: 23,167 in 2016) in Norrbotten County . The city was originally built in the 1890s to serve the Kiruna Mine . The Esrange Space Center was established in Kiruna in the 1960s. Also in Kiruna are the Institute of Space Physics and Luleå University of Technology 's Department of Space Science. Archaeological findings have shown that

1440-518: Is trialling a three-year update period. The number of urban areas in Sweden increased by 56 to 1,956 in 2010. A total of 8,016,000 – 85 per cent – of the Swedish population lived in an urban area; occupying only 1,3 per cent of Sweden's total land area, and the most populous urban area is Stockholm at 1,4 million people. Kiruna Kiruna ( Swedish: [ˈkǐːrʉna] ; Northern Sami : Giron [ˈkiron] ; Finnish : Kiiruna [ˈkiːrunɑ] ; Meänkieli : Kieruna )

1512-520: The Gilchrist–Thomas process , invented by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas and Percy Gilchrist , allowed for the separation of phosphorus from the ore. In 1884, a concession for a railway from Luleå to Narvik was granted to The Northern Europe Railway Company . The provisional railway between Luleå and Malmberget was finished in 1888 and the first train left Malmberget in March. Around the same time,

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1584-547: The Scandinavian Mountains , visible from the city centre. Sweden's highest mountain, Kebnekaise , is 75 kilometres (47 mi) from the city centre and can be seen from it as well. To the west is Nikkaluokta and to the northwest are Abisko , Björkliden, Riksgränsen and the Norwegian town of Narvik , 180 kilometres (110 mi) via the road. 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Kiruna is Kurravaara , on

1656-644: The Swedish Institute of Space Physics ) was founded and established by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Esrange Space Centre is established in 1966. Here, rocket operations and ground-based observations are carried out since 1966, balloon operations since 1974, satellite operations since 1978 and testing operations since 2000 (with the Swedish Defence Material Administration ). ESA has operated

1728-467: The United States . Until the beginning of the 20th century, only the towns/cities were regarded as urban areas. The built-up area and the municipal entity were normally almost congruent. Urbanization and industrialization created, however, many new settlements without formal city status. New suburbs grew up just outside city limits, being de facto urban but de jure rural. This created

1800-473: The United States . The canoe club Kiruna Långfärdspaddlare was founded in 1972 and rafting for tourists restarted after it had been discontinued for 20 years due to the drowning of Valfrid Johansson. Until the 1980s, tourism had been mainly a summer business, but touristic exploitation of dog sledging was started in 1983 in Jukkasjärvi. In 1990, the first Icehotel was built in Jukkasjärvi and advertised as

1872-462: The administrative Hemse District, established on 1   January 2016. Hemse is the name of the locality surrounding the medieval Hemse Church , sometimes referred to as Hemse kyrkby . It is also the name of the socken as well as the district. Hemse is situated in the central part of southern Gotland. As of 2019, Hemse Church belongs to Alva-Hemse-Rone parish in Sudrets pastorat , along with

1944-504: The 1910s, significant mechanisation was achieved. The peak of Kiirunavaara , Statsrådet , was 247.7 metres (813 ft) above Luossajärvi until it was spectacularly blown off in 1910. A general strike hit Sweden in 1909 and Kiruna was no exception. Hoping for a better future, thousands of people left Kiruna, including a group of 500 inhabitants emigrating to Brazil. Most of them returned, disappointed that life in Latin America

2016-493: The English company went bankrupt and had to sell the line to the Swedish state for 8 million Swedish crowns , around half the amount initially invested. After a significant rebuild, the railway to Gällivare could be used again and iron ore was extracted at Malmberget by Aktiebolaget Gellivare Malmfält (AGM). At the initiative of Robert Schoug, the Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag (LKAB)

2088-462: The German war machine. A group of people working at LKAB organised in the Wollweberliga, planning to sabotage transports to Germany. In late November 1941, Edvard Nyberg, Ernst Wollweber and others produced a mine to be attached to the ore cars. Nyberg was caught, was fired from LKAB and spent 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 years in prison. Upon his release, he founded Nybergs Mekaniska Verkstad which

2160-475: The King of Sweden Fredrik I and his wife Ulrika Eleonora . Despite the findings of large amounts of ore, no mining was initiated because of the remote location and the harsh climate. Some ore was extracted in the 19th century. It was extracted in summer and transported in winter, using sleds drawn by reindeer and horses . However, the costs were high and the quality of the phosphorus ore poor, until, in 1878,

2232-408: The Swedish government announced that it would help arrange replacement work for radio corporation Radiotjänst after the city had been moved from its original location. Starting in 2013, Danish explorer and photographer Klaus Thymann began a long-term project documenting the resettlement of the town. Using GPS-tagged imagery, he has returned multiple times since, replicating precise locations to show

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2304-577: The Torne river and ends there. Another road connects Kiruna with Nikkaluokta close to Kebnekaise and is used by tourists to get to the mountains. It passes by or nearby several villages in the Kalix river valley. Buses connect Kiruna with major towns in Norrbotten province and villages nearby and in the wider region. The railway connects Luleå with Gällivare, Kiruna and Narvik. Although built to serve

2376-624: The built-up area is considered a de facto city. Being located 145 km (90 miles) north of the Arctic Circle , Kiruna has a subarctic climate ( Dfc ) with short, mild summers and long, very cold winters, although the city itself can be considerably milder than the surrounding forest. Snow cover generally lasts from late September to mid-May, but snowfall can occur year-round. The midnight sun between 28 May and 16 July (50 days), and white nights lasts from early May to early August. Polar night lasts from 11 December to 1 January (22 days),

2448-573: The changing landscape. In 2017 Thymann returned again to Kiruna to document the redevelopment of the town for Bloomberg Businessweek. Kiruna is located in the north of Sweden, 145 kilometres (90 mi) north of the Arctic Circle . The city centre is built on the Haukavaara hill at an altitude of 530 m, high above the Torne river to the north and the Kalix River to the south. Other parts of

2520-464: The churches in Alva and Rone . One of the asteroids in the asteroid belt , 10124 Hemse , is named after this place. Hemse stave church , the best-preserved remnants of a stave church from present-day Sweden, was discovered under the floor of Hemse Church during the late 19th century. The annual Hemse Market is one of the major autumn markets on Gotland. There are five official markets held on

2592-411: The city, to be built at Haukivaara, near both iron ore mines, with then-revolutionary consideration of geographical and climatological circumstances; being built on a hill, winter temperatures are much milder than in other towns, and due to the street plan and the positioning, wind is limited. On 27 April 1900, Hallman's plan was officially accepted. Gustaf Broms proposed to name the settlements Kiruna ,

2664-487: The competition with their masterplan and strategy for moving the city. The competition team was led by White Arkitekter AB, lead architect Mikael Stenqvist, SAR/MSA, in collaboration with Ghilardi + Hellsten Arkitekter, lead architect Ellen Hellsten. Together with researchers from Luleå and Delft universities, it envisages a denser city centre with a greater focus on sustainability, green and blue infrastructure, pedestrians, and public transport rather than automobiles. In 2018,

2736-424: The decades to follow. Kiruna became a municipalsamhälle (a community within a municipality) in 1908. This caused unhappiness in local organisations, such as Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Arbetareförening , that had hoped for status as köping , which would have kept more of the mining income inside the locality. In return, the mining company LKAB paid for a hospital, fire station, sewerage, roads, a church (opened 1912) and

2808-419: The economy of Kiruna started to diversify. Initially, the mechanisation of the mining industry led to more mechanical workshops developing machinery for the mine, still dependent on the mining, but individual companies with spinoffs that could be sold to other areas than the Kiruna mine alone. In the 1950s, a fund, Norrlandsfonden was established, in which profits from LKAB would be invested in order to diversify

2880-602: The edge of the Torne River . The land north of Kurravaara is roadless, uninhabited, partly barren and partly birch forest, up to the Norwegian and Finnish borders at Treriksröset . The lower-lying east is dominated by boreal forest, stretching thousands of kilometres through Finland and Russia . Around 15 km east of Kiruna is a group of villages at the Torne River, most notably Jukkasjärvi , where an ice hotel

2952-465: The engines, was common and loose weapons often ended up at the bottom of the Luossajärvi lake, next to the railway stop. North of Torneträsk, at Kaivare, a radio base Kari was built in secrecy and used by the Norwegian resistance. It was also used for the smuggling of arms to Norway and refugees from Norway. In 1948, Kiruna gained city rights and started to receive large amounts of money from

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3024-544: The exact boundaries depending on local topography. Even though Kiruna's winters are very cold by Swedish standards, they are still much less severe than winters on similar latitudes in North America and Siberia , and even more southerly areas in other parts of the world due to some maritime influence. Similar winter temperatures go as far south as below the 45th parallel in the Russian Far East as well as

3096-469: The government were permitted to travel between Kiruna and Riksgränsen. After the battle at Bjørnfjell , 15 April 1940, wounded and fallen Norwegian soldiers were transported to Kiruna. Despite the conditions for Swedish neutrality , rail cars with food, skis and helmets were transported from Kiruna to the Norwegian soldiers in Bjørnfjell. Swedish iron ore from Kiruna was of major importance to

3168-744: The huge wilderness around Kiruna had been declared a "city" in 1948. From 1965 only "non-administrative localities" are counted, independently of municipal and county borders. In 1971 "city" was abolished as a type of municipality. Urban areas in the meaning of tätort are defined independently on the division into counties and municipalities, and are defined solely according to population density. In practice, most references in Sweden are to municipalities, not specifically to towns or cities, which complicates international comparisons. Most municipalities contain many localities (up to 26 in Kristianstad Municipality ), but some localities are, on

3240-613: The interior upper Midwest and northern New England in the United States. Kiruna however, has cooler summers than such areas, but still warm enough to stay above polar climate and below the northern tree line . Winter temperatures however are significantly colder than areas immediately affected by the Gulf Stream to a degree that the regular lows of Kiruna during January and February are similar to Tromsø 's all-time record low. The coldest confirmed temperature ever in Kiruna

3312-529: The island in August–October: Slite , Havdhem , Kräklingbo , Klintehamn and Hemse, each usually spanning a weekend. The following sports clubs are located in Hemse: Hemse has a maritime climate partially influenced by being on an offshore island but also its interior position on Gotland. As a result, it has features both reminiscent of mainland southern Sweden and of coastal Gotland. It has

3384-448: The local economy. The municipality started to lend money to starting companies against very beneficial rates, a scheme that lasted until 1959 because the banks, that insisted this was false competition, had established more relaxed rules for lending out money. The industrial area east of the city was built in the 1950s to separate industry from neighborhoods. On 10 November 1960, Kiruna Airport opened to separate civilian air traffic from

3456-415: The military airplanes that had landed at Kalixfors airport and at Luossajärvi since World War I. A road to Nikkaluokta was opened in 1971 and to Riksgränsen and Narvik in 1984. The latter had been debated heavily, for alternative plans existed to build the road to Norway on the northern side of Torneträsk , via Laimo, Kattuvuoma, Salmi to Innset and Bardu in Norway. This road was never built, but

3528-491: The mine, Swedish Rail runs daily passenger traffic on the line: a night train from Narvik to Stockholm , a day train from Narvik to Luleå (connecting with a second night train to Stockholm and Gothenburg ), and trains to Luleå and Narvik that start and finish in Kiruna. The latter is known as Karven and popular for day trips to the mountains near Abisko, Björkliden and Riksgränsen , particularly in winter. Additional long-distance trains are run by Transdev in summer. In 2013,

3600-399: The mine. The city centre was renovated starting in 1953; most buildings built before 1920 were demolished and replaced, and many of the current buildings were built in the following period. The town grew and new neighborhoods were built, as well as new apartment buildings and villas in existing neighborhoods. The area is currently known as Lombolo was built in the 1960s. After World War II,

3672-522: The other hand, multimunicipal. Stockholm urban area is spread over 11 municipalities. When comparing the population of different cities, the urban area ( tätort ) population is preferred to the population of the municipality. The population of, e.g., Stockholm should be accounted as about 1.6 million rather than the approximately 990,000 of the municipality, and Lund rather about 94,000 than about 130,000. Before 2015 delimitation of localities were made by Statistics Sweden every five years, since then it

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3744-408: The other mining town, Malmberget , 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Kiruna. Also, provisional buildings served as a church, a school, a hospital, a hotel and a police station. However, official residences were built at a high pace, and when the king opened the railway in 1903, all illegal residences and most other provisional buildings had been demolished and replaced. The very first building, B:1 ,

3816-411: The period between April and August account for 73% of Kiruna's annual sunshine according to the 1961-1990 normals, whereas the five darkest months between October and February contain only around 10% of the annual sunshine. Kiruna is on the E10 road, connecting Luleå with Norway and passing near Gällivare (south of Kiruna) and Narvik (on the Norwegian coast). A short road connects to Kurravaara at

3888-555: The presence of British soldiers near the Kiruna ore mine would provoke a German attack on Sweden, the request was declined. After the German invasion of Norway , at least ten soldiers were stationed along every bridge along Malmbanan , to blow up the bridges should the German army invade Sweden. Additionally, foreigners were banned from visiting Kiruna or the iron ore line, and only the Sami , military personnel, locals and people working for

3960-434: The priest's home. In April 1907, a tram began operation in Kiruna, the northernmost in the world. This meant miners would no longer have to walk several kilometres through the sub-arctic cold, nor would they need to climb a hundred meters up the mining hill. The network consisted of three lines: bergbanan ( funicular ), stadsspårvägen (city tramway) and gruvspårvägen (mine tramway). The funicular closed in 1955 after

4032-482: The railway station was moved 2 km away from the city centre, so walking is possible but not recommended. There is a free shuttlebus for every departure and arrival which starts from Kiruna bus station in the city centre. Kiruna Airport is southeast of the city, 8 km by road. A few daily flights connect Kiruna with Stockholm, either directly or via Luleå or Umeå . An airport bus is available for all flights to and from Stockholm-Arlanda Airport . Mining plays

4104-457: The region around Kiruna has been inhabited for at least 6,000 years. Centuries before Kiruna was founded in 1900, the presence of iron ore at Kiirunavaara and Luossavaara had been known by the local Sámi population. In 1696, Samuel Mört, a bookkeeper of the Kengis works, wrote on rumours about the presence of iron in the two hills. The ore became better known after it was reported by Mangi,

4176-832: The same location. Since 2006, the Erasmus Mundus Master Course in Space Science and Technology has started with at least one semester spent at LTU. In 2007, education along IRV was split and only the Department of Space Science, belonging to Luleå University of Technology, remained, while the Umeå University programme in Space Engineering quit. The Kiruna Icehotel has been built in Jukkasjärvi each winter since 1990 and

4248-414: The start of the work, Hjalmar Lundbohm worried whether the Kiruna winter would allow for working outside at all, but despite early research into underground mining, mountaintop removal mining was the primary method in the early years. Mechanisation was attempted early using steam powered excavators, but the cold climate led to considerable difficulties and only when electrical machinery became available in

4320-424: The time before the railway, by boat (in summer) via the Torne and Kalix rivers to Jukkasjärvi and Håmojåkk and then proceeding by foot. A road from Kiruna was built to Tuolluvaara in 1901, Poikkijärvi in 1909, Alttajärvi in 1913 and connected to Svappavaara in 1926, from where roads already connected via Vittangi to Pajala and via Lappesuando to Gällivare and further south. The Great Depression led to

4392-537: The town are Lombolo and Tuolluvaara. Near Kiruna are the mountains Kiirunavaara and Luossavaara . Kiirunavaara is an iron ore mine that is the town's primary economic resource. Luossavaara is a former mine and now used as a skiing slope. The city is built near the lake Luossajärvi with outflow to the Luossajoki that flows in the Torne River at Laxforsen. The area around Kiruna is very sparsely populated. The northwest, west and southwest of Kiruna are dominated by

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4464-526: The warmest summer days and coldest winter nights out of the active Gotland stations. It is also both rainier and snowier than coastal areas. Even so, seasonal lag is still strong which results in spring getting frequent cold snaps. With the coastal parts of Gotland being the sunniest part of the Nordics and Baltics, clear nights are frequent also inland. This results in high diurnal temperature variation by Swedish maritime standards. This article about

4536-634: The world's largest igloo. It had been built using techniques from the building of Malmbanan 90 years before and was also inspired by the Snow Festival, that had started in 1986 to celebrate the Swedish Viking satellite. Since 1998, a special tourist area exists in the mine and since 1999, tourists can visit the various areas of research going on in Kiruna. In 1957, the Kiruna Geophysical Observatory (KGO) (now

4608-653: The years 2012-2013, an international architectural competition concerning the vision, strategy, and design of a new city centre for a new Kiruna was arranged by the Municipality of Kiruna in partnership with the Swedish Association of Architects. White Arkitekter AB, based in Stockholm , together with Ghilardi + Hellsten Arkitekter, based in Oslo , Spacescape AB, Vectura Consulting AB, and Evidens BLW AB, won

4680-442: Was finally taken in 1898. The railway came to Kiruna 15 October 1899 and the Swedish and Norwegian sections were joined 15 November 1902. For LKAB, the great expense almost led to bankruptcy in 1901, just after the ore mining at Kiirunavaara had started. King Oscar II only opened the railway line 14 July 1903, preferring summer over winter to travel north. The architects Per Olof Hallman and Gustaf Wickman were appointed to design

4752-443: Was founded in 1890. In 1893, Gustaf Broms became CEO of both LKAB and AGM. LKAB pressed for continuing Malmbanan via Luossavaara and Kiirunavaara to the ice-free coast of Norway. The continuation of the railway line to Narvik was controversial, because opponents feared the influence of Russia (then controlling Finland and already connected to Sweden at Haparanda – Tornio ) on an international railway line. The decision to build

4824-411: Was introduced, but during the fabulous twenties , it increased to a record nine million tonnes in 1927. In 1921, mining started at Kiruna's other hill, Luossavaara . However, the total amount of ore that could be mined in open pit mining here was small compared to Kiirunavaara, and LKAB preferred to concentrate resources in one place. Nevertheless, mining here continued until 1974 and later it became

4896-454: Was not what they had hoped it to be. Hjalmar Lundbohm personally lent money for the trip home to some of the emigrants. During World War I , iron ore production dropped to the lowest level in LKAB's history, and when exports increased again, a successful three-month strike in 1920 led to a 20% increase in salaries for the miners. Production dropped to a minimum in 1922 and a three-day work week

4968-549: Was recorded at the nearby weather station with −43.3 °C (−45.9 °F) recorded in January 1999. The weather station recorded 31.6 °C (88.9 °F) in July 1945, which is the all-time record. The warmest month on record at the weather station was July 2018, with average high temperatures of 24.3 °C (75.7 °F). Kiruna has a gloomy climate, affected by Atlantic low-pressure systems. Due to its extreme daylight cycle,

5040-632: Was started, which attracted people from a wide area. The Sami population was already a tourist attraction in the early days of Kiruna's existence. In the early 1920s a movement that became known as "Kirunasvenskarna" (the Kiruna Swedes ) decided to emigrate to Soviet Russia , the land where they hoped for better working conditions and higher wages and general standards. They were the last Swedes who emigrated in groups. Most of these emigrants lived in Kiruna prior to their move. The municipality of Kiruna shares borders with Norway and Finland and Kiruna

5112-480: Was to be made gradually over the coming decade. On January 8, 2007, a new location was proposed, northwest to the foot of the Luossavaara mountain, by the lake of Luossajärvi . The first actual work on moving the town was done in November 2007, when work on the new main sewage pipe started. In the same week, the first sketches for the layout of the new part of the town became available. The sketches include

5184-407: Was to be produced. In June 2010, the municipal council decided that the town would be moved eastwards (to 67°51′1″N 20°18′2″E  /  67.85028°N 20.30056°E  / 67.85028; 20.30056 ), in the direction of Tuolluvaara, instead of the proposed northwestern location. The moving of the town was started in 2014, and the plan describes a process that continues to 2100. In

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