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88-514: Herb Alpert (born March 31, 1935) is an American trumpeter , pianist, songwriter, record producer, arranger, conductor, painter, sculptor and theatre producer, who led the band Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass (sometimes called "Herb Alpert and the TJB") in the 1960s. During the same decade, he co-founded A&M Records with Jerry Moss . Alpert has recorded 28 albums that have appeared on

176-515: A Billboard article, two other Brass albums, Going Places (1965) and What Now My Love (1966), "held the third and fifth spots on the 1966 year-end chart despite pleasant yet far more anodyne covers." Another measure of the band's popularity is that a number of Tijuana Brass songs were used as theme music for years by the ABC TV game show The Dating Game . In 1966, a short animated film by John and Faith Hubley called " A Herb Alpert and

264-446: A Grammy for Best Pop Instrumental Album . Since that time, he has released several other albums, most recently 50 (claimed to be his 50th studio album) and has said he has plans for his next two LPs, one of which will be another Christmas album—his third. In late 2024, Alpert announced that he was forming a new Tijuana Brass group and would do a tour in 2025, to celebrate the landmark Whipped Cream and Other Delights album. The tour

352-800: A Tony Award and eight Grammy Awards , as well as the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2006, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Alpert was awarded the National Medal of Arts by Barack Obama in 2013. Herb Alpert was born on March 31, 1935 and raised in the Boyle Heights section of Eastside Los Angeles , California. He was the youngest of three children (a daughter and two sons) born to Tillie (née Goldberg) and Louis Leib (or Louis Bentsion-Leib) Alpert. His parents were Jewish immigrants to

440-436: A closed tube when the player presses it to the lips; therefore, the instrument only naturally produces every other overtone of the harmonic series. The shape of the bell makes the missing overtones audible. Most notes in the series are slightly out of tune and modern trumpets have slide mechanisms for the first and third valves with which the player can compensate by throwing (extending) or retracting one or both slides, using

528-406: A perfect fourth (five semitones). Used singly and in combination these valves make the instrument fully chromatic , i.e., able to play all twelve pitches of classical music. For more information about the different types of valves, see Brass instrument valves . The overall pitch of the trumpet can be raised or lowered by the use of the tuning slide. Pulling the slide out lowers the pitch; pushing

616-540: A Germanic source (compare Old High German trumpa , Old Norse trumba 'trumpet'), of imitative origin." The earliest trumpets date back to 2000 BC and earlier. The bronze and silver Tutankhamun's trumpets from his grave in Egypt, bronze lurs from Scandinavia, and metal trumpets from China date back to this period. Trumpets from the Oxus civilization (3rd millennium BC) of Central Asia have decorated swellings in

704-455: A hanging banner. This instrument is mostly used for ceremonial events such as parades and fanfares . David Monette designed the flumpet in 1989 for jazz musician Art Farmer . It is a hybrid of a trumpet and a flugelhorn, pitched in B ♭ and using three piston valves. Other variations include rotary-valve , or German, trumpets (which are commonly used in professional German and Austrian orchestras), alto and Baroque trumpets , and

792-613: A jazz club and restaurant located in the Bel Air neighborhood of Los Angeles. On September 17, 2010, the TV documentary Legends: Herb Alpert – Tijuana Brass and Other Delights premiered on BBC4 . In 2020, Herb Alpert Is... , a documentary written and directed by John Scheinfeld, was released. Alpert married Sharon Mae Lubin at Presidio of San Francisco in 1956. They had two children, Dore (born 1960) and Eden (born 1966). The couple divorced in 1971. In 1973, Alpert married Lani Hall , once

880-572: A lifetime." As of 2024 the couple still performs together. Trumpet Plucked The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles . The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet —with the highest register in the brass family—to the bass trumpet , pitched one octave below the standard B ♭ or C trumpet. Trumpet-like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to at least 2000 BC. They began to be used as musical instruments only in

968-525: A makeshift 8-track recorder. In the mid-to-late 1990s, computers replaced tape-based recording for most home studios, with the Power Macintosh proving popular. In the mid-1980s, many professional recording studios began to use digital audio workstations (DAWs) to accomplish recording and mixing previously done with multitrack tape recorders, mixing consoles, and outboard gear. A mixer ( mixing console , mixing desk, mixing board, or software mixer)

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1056-417: A program with a multiple-channel configuration into a program with fewer channels. Common examples include downmixing from 5.1 surround sound to stereo, and stereo to mono. Because these are common scenarios, it is common practice to verify the sound of such downmixes during the production process to ensure stereo and mono compatibility. The alternative channel configuration can be explicitly authored during

1144-415: A rounded rectangular shape. There are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B ♭ (a transposing instrument ), having a tubing length of about 1.48 m (4 ft 10 in). The cornet is very similar to the trumpet but has a conical bore (trumpet has a cylindrical bore) and its tubing is generally wound differently. Early trumpets did not provide means to change

1232-501: A separate mixing process. The introduction of the cassette-based Portastudio in 1979 offered multi-track recording and mixing technology that did not require the specialized equipment and expense of commercial recording studios. Bruce Springsteen recorded his 1982 album Nebraska with one, and the Eurythmics topped the charts in 1983 with the song " Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This) ", recorded by band member Dave Stewart on

1320-406: A single, two days after the show aired. Although Alpert's vocal skills and range were limited, the song's technical demands suited him. After years of success, Alpert had a personal crisis in 1969, declaring "the trumpet is my enemy." He disbanded the Tijuana Brass, and stopped performing in public. Eventually he sought out teacher Carmine Caruso, "who never played trumpet a day in his life, (but) he

1408-433: A straight mute with an additional, bell-facing cup at the end, and produces a darker tone than a straight mute. The harmon mute is made of metal (usually aluminum or copper ) and consists of a "stem" inserted into a large chamber. The stem can be extended or removed to produce different timbres, and waving one's hand in front of the mute produces a "wah-wah" sound, hence the mute's colloquial name. Using standard technique,

1496-476: A sufficient number of mix busses can be used to create a 5.1 surround sound mix, but this may be frustrating if the console is not specifically designed to facilitate signal routing, panning, and processing in a surround sound environment. Whether working in an analog hardware, digital hardware, or DAW mixing environment, the ability to pan mono or stereo sources and place effects in the 5.1 soundscape and monitor multiple output formats without difficulty can make

1584-458: A trade name of the Humes & Berg company. They are often held in place with cork. To better keep the mute in place, players sometimes dampen the cork by blowing warm, moist air on it. The straight mute is conical and constructed of either metal (usually aluminum )—which produces a bright, piercing sound—or another material, which produces a darker, stuffier sound. The cup mute is shaped like

1672-485: A typical pitch standard near A=466 Hz. No known instruments from this period survive, so the details—and even the existence—of a Renaissance slide trumpet is a matter of debate among scholars. While there is documentation (written and artistic) of its existence, there is also conjecture that its slide would have been impractical. Some slide trumpet designs saw use in England in the 18th century. The pocket trumpet

1760-435: A vinyl disc. Electronic recording became more widely used during the 1920s. It was based on the principles of electromagnetic transduction . The possibility for a microphone to be connected remotely to a recording machine meant that microphones could be positioned in more suitable places. The process was improved when outputs of the microphones could be mixed before being fed to the disc cutter, allowing greater flexibility in

1848-613: A vocalist at RCA Records under the name of Dore Alpert. In 1962, Alpert and his new business partner Jerry Moss formed Carnival Records with "Tell It to the Birds" as its first release, distribution outside of Los Angeles being done by Dot Records. After Carnival released its second single "Love Is Back In Style" by Charlie Robinson, Alpert and Moss found that there was prior usage of the Carnival name and renamed their label A&M Records. The song that jump-started Alpert's performing career

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1936-510: A wide selection of mutes: common ones include the straight mute , cup mute , harmon mute (wah-wah or wow-wow mute, among other names ), plunger , bucket mute , and practice mute . A straight mute is generally used when the type of mute is not specified. Jazz and commercial music call for a wider range of mutes than most classical music and many mutes were invented for jazz orchestrators. Mutes can be made of many materials, including fiberglass, plastic, cardboard, metal, and "stone lining",

2024-429: Is a compact B ♭ trumpet. The bell is usually smaller than a standard trumpet bell and the tubing is more tightly wound to reduce the instrument size without reducing the total tube length. Its design is not standardized, and the quality of various models varies greatly. It can have a unique warm sound and voice-like articulation. Since many pocket trumpet models suffer from poor design as well as poor manufacturing,

2112-519: Is again a thriving art around the world. Many modern players in Germany and the UK who perform Baroque music use a version of the natural trumpet fitted with three or four vent holes to aid in correcting out-of-tune notes in the harmonic series. The melody-dominated homophony of the classical and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a secondary role by most major composers owing to the limitations of

2200-568: Is also possible to produce pedal tones below the low F ♯ , which is a device occasionally employed in the contemporary repertoire for the instrument. Contemporary music for the trumpet makes wide uses of extended trumpet techniques. Flutter tonguing : The trumpeter rolls the tip of the tongue (as if rolling an "R" in Spanish) to produce a 'growling like' tone. This technique is widely employed by composers like Berio and Stockhausen . Growling : Simultaneously playing tone and using

2288-422: Is at the same pitch as a trombone and is usually played by a trombone player, although its music is written in treble clef . Most bass trumpets are pitched in either C or B ♭ . The C bass trumpet sounds an octave lower than written, and the B ♭ bass sounds a major ninth (B ♭ ) lower, making them both transposing instruments . The historical slide trumpet was probably first developed in

2376-411: Is close to the note shown, it is flat relative to equal temperament , and use of those fingerings is generally avoided. The fingering schema arises from the length of each valve's tubing (a longer tube produces a lower pitch). Valve "1" increases the tubing length enough to lower the pitch by one whole step, valve "2" by one half step, and valve "3" by one and a half steps. This scheme and the nature of

2464-429: Is constructed of brass tubing bent twice into a rounded oblong shape. As with all brass instruments, sound is produced by blowing air through slightly separated lips, producing a "buzzing" sound into the mouthpiece and starting a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the trumpet. The player can select the pitch from a range of overtones or harmonics by changing the lip aperture and tension (known as

2552-469: Is the operational heart of the mixing process. Mixers offer a multitude of inputs, each fed by a track from a multitrack recorder. Mixers typically have 2 main outputs (in the case of two-channel stereo mixing) or 8 (in the case of surround). Mixers offer three main functionalities. Mixing consoles can be large and intimidating due to the exceptional number of controls. However, because many of these controls are duplicated (e.g. per input channel), much of

2640-422: Is titled Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass & Other Delights. On October 11, 1989, Philips subsidiary PolyGram announced its acquisition of A&M Records for $ 500 million. Alpert and Moss later received an extra $ 200 million payment for PolyGram's breach of the terms of the deal. Alpert has a second career as an abstract expressionist painter and sculptor with group and solo exhibitions around

2728-523: The 6th Army Band . In 1956, he appeared in an uncredited role as "Drummer on Mt. Sinai" in The Ten Commandments . In 1957, Alpert teamed up with Rob Weerts, another burgeoning lyricist, as a songwriter for Keen Records . A number of songs written or co-written by Alpert during the following two years became Top 20 hits, including " Baby Talk " by Jan and Dean and " Wonderful World " by Sam Cooke . In 1960, he began his recording career as

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2816-646: The UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music as part of the restructured UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture . He donated $ 24 million, including $ 15 million from April 2008, to CalArts for its music curricula, and provided funding for the culture-jamming activists the Yes Men . In 2012, the foundation granted more than $ 5 million to the Harlem School of the Arts , which allowed

2904-584: The Vienna valve trumpet (primarily used in Viennese brass ensembles and orchestras such as the Vienna Philharmonic and Mnozil Brass ). The trumpet is often confused with its close relative the cornet , which has a more conical tubing shape compared to the trumpet's more cylindrical tube. This, along with additional bends in the cornet's tubing, gives the cornet a slightly mellower tone, but

2992-453: The embouchure ). The mouthpiece has a circular rim, which provides a comfortable environment for the lips' vibration. Directly behind the rim is the cup, which channels the air into a much smaller opening (the back bore or shank) that tapers out slightly to match the diameter of the trumpet's lead pipe. The dimensions of these parts of the mouthpiece affect the timbre or quality of sound, the ease of playability, and player comfort. Generally,

3080-431: The embouchure . Standard fingerings above high C are the same as for the notes an octave below (C ♯ is 1–2, D is 1, etc.). Each overtone series on the trumpet begins with the first overtone—the fundamental of each overtone series cannot be produced except as a pedal tone . Notes in parentheses are the sixth overtone, representing a pitch with a frequency of seven times that of the fundamental; while this pitch

3168-484: The space of the final audio wave; removing unnecessary frequencies and volume spikes to minimize the interference or clashing between each element. The frequency response of a signal represents the amount (volume) of every frequency in the human hearing range , consisting of (on average) frequencies from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz.) There are a variety of processes commonly used to edit frequency response in various ways. The mixdown process converts

3256-581: The A, B ♭ , D, E ♭ , E, or F trumpet on the C trumpet or B ♭ trumpet. The smallest trumpets are referred to as piccolo trumpets . The most common models are built to play in both B ♭ and A, with separate leadpipes for each key. The tubing in the B ♭ piccolo trumpet is one-half the length of that in a standard B ♭ trumpet making it sound an octave higher. Piccolo trumpets in G, F and C are also manufactured, but are less common. Almost all piccolo trumpets have four valves instead of three—the fourth valve usually lowers

3344-554: The Tijuana Brass Double Feature " was released; it won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1967. The film featured two songs by the band, " Tijuana Taxi " and " Spanish Flea ". Also in 1967, the Tijuana Brass performed Burt Bacharach 's title cut to the first movie version of Casino Royale . Alpert's only No. 1 single during this period, and the first No. 1 hit for his A&M label,

3432-465: The Tijuana Brass". Originally the Tijuana Brass was just Alpert overdubbing his own trumpet, slightly out of sync. It was A&M's first album (with the original release number being #101), although it was recorded for Conway Records. The title cut reached No. 6 on the Billboard pop chart. For this album and subsequent releases, Alpert recorded with the group of Los Angeles session musicians known as

3520-466: The U.S. Billboard 200 chart, five of which reached No. 1; he has been awarded 14 platinum albums and 15 gold albums . Alpert is the only musician to have reached No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 as both a vocalist (" This Guy's in Love with You ", 1968) and as an instrumentalist (" Rise ", 1979). Alpert has sold an estimated 72 million records worldwide. He has received many accolades, including

3608-568: The U.S. from Radomyshl (in present-day Ukraine ) and Romania . Alpert was born into a family of musicians. His father, although a tailor by trade, was also a talented mandolin player. His mother taught violin at a young age, and his older brother, David, was a talented young drummer. His sister Mimi, who was the oldest, played the piano. Herb began to play trumpet at eight years old. Alpert started attending Fairfax High School in Los Angeles beginning in 10th grade. In 11th grade (1952) he

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3696-593: The United States and Europe. The 2010 sculpture exhibition "Herb Alpert: Black Totems" in Beverly Hills brought media attention to his visual work. His 2013 exhibition in Santa Monica included both abstract paintings and large totemlike sculptures. In May 2000, Alpert was awarded an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music . In 1977, for his contribution to the recording industry, Alpert

3784-623: The Wrecking Crew , whom he holds in high regard. Alpert's 1965 album Whipped Cream & Other Delights proved so popular — it was the number one album of 1966, outselling The Beatles , Frank Sinatra , and The Rolling Stones  — that Alpert had to turn the Tijuana Brass into an actual touring ensemble rather than a studio band. Some of that popularity might be attributable to the album's notoriously racy cover, which featured model Dolores Erickson seemingly clothed only in whipped cream. However, as writer Bruce Handy pointed out in

3872-453: The back of the tongue to vibrate the uvula, creating a distinct sound. Most trumpet players will use a plunger with this technique to achieve a particular sound heard in a lot of Chicago Jazz of the 1950s. Double tonguing : The player articulates using the syllables ta-ka ta-ka ta-ka . Triple tonguing : The same as double tonguing, but with the syllables ta-ta-ka ta-ta-ka ta-ta-ka . Doodle tongue : The trumpeter tongues as if saying

3960-400: The balance. Before the introduction of multitrack recording , all sounds and effects that were to be part of a recording were mixed simultaneously during a live performance. If the recorded mix was not satisfactory, or if one musician made a mistake, the selection had to be performed over until the desired balance and performance was obtained. The introduction of multi-track recording changed

4048-400: The console can be learned by studying one small part of it. The controls on a mixing console will typically fall into one of two categories: processing and configuration. Processing controls are used to manipulate the sound. These can vary in complexity, from simple level controls, to sophisticated outboard reverberation units. Configuration controls deal with the signal routing from the input to

4136-462: The difference between a successful or compromised mix. Mixing in surround is very similar to mixing in stereo except that there are more speakers, placed to surround the listener. In addition to the horizontal panoramic options available in stereo, mixing in surround lets the mix engineer pan sources within a much wider and more enveloping environment. In a surround mix, sounds can appear to originate from many more or almost any direction depending on

4224-437: The first recording machines. The recording and reproduction process itself was completely mechanical with little or no electrical parts. Edison's phonograph cylinder system utilized a small horn terminated in a stretched, flexible diaphragm attached to a stylus which cut a groove of varying depth into the malleable tin foil of the cylinder. Emile Berliner's gramophone system recorded music by inscribing spiraling lateral cuts onto

4312-607: The instrumental " Rise " (with initial version created by Alpert's nephew, Randy "Badazz" Alpert and his close friend, musician Andy Armer). The song hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 after it was used repeatedly on the soap opera General Hospital . The song also became a hit in the UK, but in a speeded-up version, due to British DJs not realizing that the American 12" single was recorded at 33 rpm instead of 45 rpm. In 2013, Alpert released Steppin' Out , which won

4400-448: The instruments are otherwise nearly identical. They have the same length of tubing and, therefore, the same pitch, so music written for one of them is playable on the other. Another relative, the flugelhorn , has tubing that is even more conical than that of the cornet, and an even mellower tone. It is sometimes supplied with a fourth valve to improve the intonation of some lower notes. On any modern trumpet, cornet, or flugelhorn, pressing

4488-440: The intonation, tone color and dynamic range of such instruments are severely hindered. Professional-standard instruments are, however, available. While they are not a substitute for the full-sized instrument, they can be useful in certain contexts. The jazz musician Don Cherry was renowned for his playing of the pocket instrument. The tubing of the bell section of a herald trumpet is straight, making it long enough to accommodate

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4576-462: The late 14th century for use in alta cappella wind bands. Deriving from early straight trumpets, the Renaissance slide trumpet was essentially a natural trumpet with a sliding leadpipe. This single slide was awkward, as the entire instrument moved, and the range of the slide was probably no more than a major third. Originals were probably pitched in D, to fit with shawms in D and G, probably at

4664-415: The late 14th or early 15th century. Trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands , and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music . Sound is produced by vibrating the lips in a mouthpiece, which starts a standing wave in the air column of the instrument. Since the late 15th century, trumpets have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into

4752-453: The lead singer of A&M group Brasil '66 . Alpert and Hall have a daughter, actress Aria Alpert, born in 1976. Hall and Alpert recorded a live album, Anything Goes , in 2009; a studio album, I Feel You , in 2011; and another studio album, Steppin' Out , in 2013. An AllMusic review concluded: "Ultimately, Steppin' Out represents not just the third album in a trilogy, but a loving creative partnership that, for Alpert and Hall, spans

4840-498: The left thumb and ring finger for the first and third valve slides respectively. Trumpets can be constructed from other materials, including plastic. The most common type is the B ♭ trumpet, but A, C, D, E ♭ , E, low F, and G trumpets are also available. The C trumpet is most common in American orchestral playing, where it is used alongside the B ♭ trumpet. Orchestral trumpet players are adept at transposing music at sight, frequently playing music written for

4928-455: The length of tubing, whereas modern instruments generally have three (or sometimes four) valves in order to change their pitch . Most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets is more common in orchestral settings (especially in German and German-style orchestras), although this practice varies by country. A musician who plays

5016-413: The low F ♯ at the bottom of the standard range. Extreme low pedals are produced by slipping the lower lip out of the mouthpiece. Claude Gordon assigned pedals as part of his trumpet practice routines, that were a systematic expansion on his lessons with Herbert L. Clarke. The technique was pioneered by Bohumir Kryl . Microtones : Composers such as Scelsi and Stockhausen have made wide use of

5104-512: The lowest note is the written F ♯ below middle C . There is no actual limit to how high brass instruments can play, but fingering charts generally go up to the high C two octaves above middle C. Several trumpeters have achieved fame for their proficiency in the extreme high register, among them Maynard Ferguson , Cat Anderson , Dizzy Gillespie , Doc Severinsen , and more recently Wayne Bergeron , Louis Dowdeswell , Thomas Gansch , James Morrison , Jon Faddis and Arturo Sandoval . It

5192-468: The middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder for its time. The Salpinx was a straight trumpet 62 inches (1,600 mm) long, made of bone or bronze. Homer ’s Iliad (9th or 8th century BCE) contain the earliest reference to its sound and further, frequent descriptions are found throughout the Classical Period . Salpinx contests were a part of

5280-420: The modern sense; and the modern bugle continues this signaling tradition. Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance led to an increased usefulness of the trumpet as a musical instrument. The natural trumpets of this era consisted of a single coiled tube without valves and therefore could only produce the notes of a single overtone series. Changing keys required

5368-444: The natural trumpet. Berlioz wrote in 1844: Notwithstanding the real loftiness and distinguished nature of its quality of tone, there are few instruments that have been more degraded (than the trumpet). Down to Beethoven and Weber , every composer – not excepting Mozart  – persisted in confining it to the unworthy function of filling up, or in causing it to sound two or three commonplace rhythmical formulae. The trumpet

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5456-637: The original Olympic Games. The Shofar , made from a ram horn and the Hatzotzeroth, made of metal, are both mentioned in the Bible. They were said to have been played in Solomon's Temple around 3,000 years ago. They are still used on certain religious days. The Moche people of ancient Peru depicted trumpets in their art going back to AD 300. The earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in

5544-644: The output of the console through the various processes. Digital audio workstations (DAW) can perform many mixing features in addition to other processing. An audio control surface gives a DAW the same user interface as a mixing console. Outboard audio processing units (analog) and software-based audio plug-ins (digital) are used for each track or group to perform various processing techniques. These processes, such as equalization, compression, sidechaining, stereo imaging, and saturation are used to make each element as audible and sonically appealing as possible. The mix engineer also will use such techniques to balance

5632-450: The overtone series create the possibility of alternate fingerings for certain notes. For example, third-space "C" can be produced with no valves engaged (standard fingering) or with valves 2–3. Also, any note produced with 1–2 as its standard fingering can also be produced with valve 3 – each drops the pitch by 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 steps. Alternate fingerings may be used to improve facility in certain passages, or to aid in intonation. Extending

5720-531: The pitch by a fourth, making some lower notes accessible and creating alternate fingerings for certain trills . Maurice André , Håkan Hardenberger , David Mason , and Wynton Marsalis are some well-known trumpet players known for their virtuosity on the piccolo trumpet. Trumpets pitched in the key of low G are also called sopranos, or soprano bugles, after their adaptation from military bugles . Traditionally used in drum and bugle corps , sopranos employ either rotary valves or piston valves . The bass trumpet

5808-458: The player to change crooks of the instrument. The development of the upper, " clarino " register by specialist trumpeters—notably Cesare Bendinelli —would lend itself well to the Baroque era, also known as the "Golden Age of the natural trumpet." During this period, a vast body of music was written for virtuoso trumpeters. The art was revived in the mid-20th century and natural trumpet playing

5896-446: The production process with multiple channel configurations provided for distribution. For example, on DVD-Audio or Super Audio CD , a separate stereo mix can be included along with the surround mix. Alternatively, the program can be automatically downmixed by the end consumer's audio system. For example, a DVD player or sound card may downmix a surround sound program to stereo for playback through two speakers. Any console with

5984-422: The quality of sound recordings involved. The process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer , though sometimes the record producer or recording artist may assist. After mixing, a mastering engineer prepares the final product for production. Audio mixing may be performed on a mixing console or in a digital audio workstation . In the late 19th century, Thomas Edison and Emile Berliner developed

6072-441: The recording process into one that generally involves three stages: recording , overdubbing , and mixing. Modern mixing emerged with the introduction of commercial multi-track tape machines, most notably when 8-track recorders were introduced during the 1960s. The ability to record sounds into separate channels made it possible for recording studios to combine and treat these sounds not only during recording, but afterward during

6160-405: The same note, a tremolo effect can be created. Berio makes extended use of this technique in his Sequenza X . Noises : By hissing, clicking, or breathing through the instrument, the trumpet can be made to resonate in ways that do not sound at all like a trumpet. Noises may require amplification. Audio mixing (recorded music) Audio mixing techniques largely depend on music genres and

6248-494: The school to retire its debt, restore its endowment and create a scholarship program for needy students. In 2013, the school's building was renamed the Herb Alpert Center. In 2016, Alpert's foundation also bestowed a $ 10.1 million donation to Los Angeles City College to provide music majors with a tuition-free education, the largest gift to an individual community college in the history of Southern California, and

6336-815: The second-largest gift in the history of the state. In 2020, Alpert bestowed an additional $ 9.7 million on the Harlem School of the Arts to upgrade its facility. Alpert founded the Louis and Tillie Alpert Music Center in Jerusalem , which brings together both Arab and Jewish students. In the late 1980s, Alpert started H. Alpert and Co., a short-lived perfume company, which sold products in high-end department stores such as Nordstrom . The company launched with two scents, Listen and Listen for Men. Alpert compared perfume to music, with high and low notes. In partnership with his daughter Eden, in 2004 Alpert opened Vibrato ,

6424-460: The slide in raises it. Pitch can be "bent" using the embouchure only. To overcome the problems of intonation and reduce the use of the slides, Renold Schilke designed the tuning-bell trumpet. Removing the usual brace between the bell and a valve body allows the use of a sliding bell; the player may then tune the horn with the bell while leaving the slide pushed in, or nearly so, thereby improving intonation and overall response. A trumpet becomes

6512-473: The start of the fight, the yelling, the snorting of the bulls, it all clicked." Alpert adapted the tune to the trumpet style, mixed in crowd cheers and other noises for ambience, and renamed the song " The Lonely Bull ". He personally funded the production of the record as a single, and it spread through radio DJs until it caught on and became a Top 10 hit in the fall of 1962. He followed up quickly with his debut album, The Lonely Bull by "Herb Alpert &

6600-437: The studio creatively refreshed, his trumpet sounding more soulful and thoughtful, his ears attuned more than ever to jazz." In 1979, five years after his last chart hit with the Tijuana Brass, Alpert tried to record a disco album of rearranged Brass hits. "It just sounded awful to me," Alpert was quoted later. "I didn't want any part of it." But because the musicians were already booked, Alpert recorded other material, including

6688-399: The third valve alone gives essentially the same tubing length as the 1–2 combination. (In practice there is often a deliberately designed slight difference between "1–2" and "3", and in that case trumpet players will select the alternative that gives the best tuning for the particular note being played.) When a fourth valve is present, as with some piccolo trumpets , it usually lowers the pitch

6776-431: The third valve slide when using the fingerings 1–3 or 1-2-3 further lowers the pitch slightly to improve intonation. Some of the partials of the harmonic series that a modern B ♭ trumpet can play for each combination of valves pressed are in tune with 12-tone equal temperament and some are not. Various types of mutes can be placed in or over the bell, which decreases volume and changes timbre. Trumpets have

6864-508: The trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter . The English word trumpet was first used in the late 14th century. The word came from Old French trompette , which is a diminutive of trompe . The word trump , meaning trumpet , was first used in English in 1300. The word comes from Old French trompe 'long, tube-like musical wind instrument' (12c.), cognate with Provençal tromba , Italian tromba , all probably from

6952-404: The trumpet's ability to play microtonally. Some instruments feature a fourth valve that provides a quarter-tone step between each note. The jazz musician Ibrahim Maalouf uses such a trumpet, invented by his father to make it possible to play Arab maqams . Valve tremolo : Many notes on the trumpet can be played in several different valve combinations. By alternating between valve combinations on

7040-438: The valves indicated by the numbers below produces the written notes shown. "Open" means all valves up, "1" means first valve, "1–2" means first and second valve simultaneously, and so on. The sounding pitch depends on the transposition of the instrument. Engaging the fourth valve, if present, usually drops any of these pitches by a perfect fourth as well. Within each overtone series, the different pitches are attained by changing

7128-544: The wider and deeper the cup, the darker the sound and timbre. Modern trumpets have three (or, infrequently, four) piston valves , each of which increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch. The first valve lowers the instrument's pitch by a whole step (two semitones ), the second valve by a half step (one semitone), and the third valve by one and a half steps (three semitones). Having three valves provides eight possible valve combinations (including "none"), but only seven different tubing lengths, because

7216-547: The word doodle . This is a very faint tonguing similar in sound to a valve tremolo. Glissando : Trumpeters can slide between notes by depressing the valves halfway and changing the lip tension. Modern repertoire makes extensive use of this technique. Vibrato : It is often regulated in contemporary repertoire through specific notation. Composers can call for everything from fast, slow or no vibrato to actual rhythmic patterns played with vibrato. Pedal tone : Composers have written notes as low as two-and-a-half octaves below

7304-604: Was a great trumpet teacher." "What I found," Alpert told The New York Times , "is that the thing in my hands is just a piece of plumbing. The real instrument is me, the emotions, not my lip, not my technique, but feelings I learned to stuff away—as a kid who came from a very unvocal household. Since then, I've been continually working it out, practicing religiously and now, playing better than ever." The results were noticeable; as Richard S. Ginell wrote in an AllMusic review of Alpert's comeback album, You Smile - The Song Begins , "His four-year sabbatical over, Herb Alpert returned to

7392-620: Was a member of their gym team. One of his specialties was performing on the rings, but an appendectomy a week before a League Meet sidelined his path. In his senior year (1953), he took to focusing on his trumpet. While attending the University of Southern California in the 1950s, he was a member of the USC Trojan Marching Band for two years. Alpert served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War , where he played in

7480-559: Was a solo effort: " This Guy's in Love with You ", written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David , featuring a rare vocal. Alpert sang it to his first wife in a 1968 CBS Television special titled Beat of the Brass . The sequence was filmed on the beach in Malibu . The song was not intended to be released, but after it was used in the television special, allegedly thousands of telephone calls to CBS asking about it convinced Alpert to release it as

7568-915: Was awarded a 2012 National Medal of Arts award by Barack and Michelle Obama on Wednesday, July 10, 2013, in the White House 's East Room . In the 1980s Alpert created the Herb Alpert Foundation and the Alpert Awards in the Arts with the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts). The foundation supports youth and arts education as well as environmental issues , and helps fund the PBS series Bill Moyers on Faith and Reason and later Moyers & Company . Alpert and his wife donated $ 30 million to University of California, Los Angeles in 2007 to form and endow

7656-745: Was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6929 Hollywood Boulevard . At the 1997 Billboard Latin Music Awards Alpert received the El Premio Billboard award for his contributions to Latin music . Alpert and Moss were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13, 2006, as non-performer lifetime achievers for their work at A&M. Alpert was awarded the Society of Singers Lifetime Achievement Award by Society of Singers in 2009. Alpert

7744-458: Was originally titled "Twinkle Star", written by Sol Lake (who would write many Tijuana Brass songs over the next decade). Alpert was dissatisfied with his first efforts to record the song, then took a break to visit a bullfight in Tijuana , Mexico . As Alpert later recounted, "That's when it hit me! Something in the excitement of the crowd, the traditional mariachi music, the trumpet call heralding

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