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62-534: Ranch has been the best-selling salad dressing in the United States since 1992, when it overtook Italian dressing . It is also popular in the United States and Canada as a dip , and as a flavoring for potato chips and other foods. In 2017, 40% of Americans named ranch as their favorite dressing, according to a study by the Association for Dressings and Sauces. Ranch dressing is most prominently used in

124-512: A deposition during the discovery process to testify about the history of Hidden Valley Ranch. Mahon specifically noted that Hidden Valley Ranch and Waples-Platter had no dispute with each other, though he also said Hidden Valley Ranch was simultaneously suing General Foods in a separate federal case in California. The only issue before the Texas federal district court was that Waples-Platter

186-513: A non-refrigerated bottled formulation. During the 1980s, ranch became a common snack food flavor, starting with Cool Ranch Doritos in 1987. Hidden Valley Ranch Wavy Lay's potato chips were introduced in 1994. In 1992, ranch surpassed Italian dressing to become the best-selling salad dressing in the United States. During the 1990s, Hidden Valley had three child-oriented variations of ranch dressing: pizza, nacho cheese, and taco flavors. In 1994, Domino’s first started offering ranch sauce as

248-481: A 'truffle festival', combined with culinary shows and wine tastings. The pecan truffle ( Tuber lyonii ) syn. texense is found in the Southern United States , usually associated with pecan trees. Chefs who have experimented with them agree "they are very good and have potential as a food commodity". Although pecan farmers used to find them along with pecans and discard them, considering them

310-579: A condiment with its chicken wings and pizzas, a combination that quickly became popular with customers. As of 2002, Clorox subsidiary Hidden Valley Manufacturing Company was producing ranch packets and bottled dressings at two large factories, in Reno, Nevada , and Wheeling, Illinois . In 2017, Hidden Valley Ranch Products turned over $ 450 million. Ranch dressing is produced by many manufacturers, including Hidden Valley, Ken's , Kraft , Litehouse, Marie's, Newman's Own , and Wish-Bone , as well as Heinz in

372-591: A food of the middle class, have become a luxury. The situation changed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with researchers in France and Italy establishing mycorrhizas with truffle spores. Beginning from the 1980s, truffle plantations are compensating for some of the decline in wild truffles, and exist in various countries including France, Italy, Spain and Australia. About 80% of the truffles now produced in France come from specially planted truffle groves. Investments in cultivated plantations are underway in many parts of

434-456: A higher surface area and a greater ability to explore soils for nutrients. Acquisition of nutrients includes the uptake of phosphorus, nitrate or ammonium, iron, magnesium , and other ions . Many ectomycorrhizal fungi form fungal mats in the upper layers of soils surrounding host plants. These mats have significantly higher carbon and fixed nitrogen concentrations than surrounding soils. Because these mats are nitrogen sinks, leaching of nutrients

496-580: A mushroom-forming genus. Studies have suggested that selection for subterranean fruiting bodies among ascomycetes and basidiomycetes occurred in water-limited environments. Most sources agree that the term "truffle" derives from the Latin term tūber or the Vulgar Latin tufera , meaning "swelling" or "lump". This then entered other languages through Old French dialects. The mycelia of truffles form symbiotic , mycorrhizal relationships with

558-460: A nuisance, they sell for about $ 160 a pound and have been used in some gourmet restaurants. The term "truffle" has been applied to several other genera of similar underground fungi. The genera Terfezia and Tirmania of the family Terfeziaceae are known as the "desert truffles" of Africa and the Middle East. Pisolithus tinctorius , which was historically eaten in parts of Germany ,

620-641: A packaged flavoring mix consisting of dehydrated vegetables and herbs. Despite its name, Italian dressing is not used in Italy, where salad is normally dressed with olive oil , vinegar or lemon juice, salt, and sometimes balsamic vinegar at the table, and not with a pre-mixed vinaigrette. In North American cuisine, Italian dressing is also used as a marinade for meat or vegetables, for stir-frys, and on sandwiches . Pasta salads sometimes include Italian dressing. The caloric content of Italian dressing varies widely. North American style Italian salad dressing

682-478: Is a similar species native to Tuscany , Abruzzo , Romagna , Umbria , the Marche , and Molise . It is reportedly not as aromatic as those from Piedmont, although those from Città di Castello are said to come quite close. A less common truffle is "garlic truffle" ( Tuber macrosporum ). In the U.S. Pacific Northwest , several species of truffle are harvested both recreationally and commercially, most notably,

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744-721: Is an edible species of this genus. Rhizopogon spp. are ectomycorrhizal members of the Basidiomycota and the order Boletales , a group of fungi that typically form mushrooms. Like their ascomycete counterparts, these fungi can create truffle-like fruiting bodies. Rhizopogon spp. are ecologically important in coniferous forests where they associate with various pines, firs, and Douglas fir . In addition to their ecological importance, these fungi hold economic value, as well. Rhizopogon spp. are commonly used to inoculate coniferous seedlings in nurseries and during reforestation. Hysterangium spp. are ectomycorrhizal members of

806-545: Is analogous to the dispersal of seeds in fruit of angiosperms. When the ascospores are fully developed, the truffle exudes volatile compounds that attract animal vectors. For successful dispersal, these spores must survive passage through the digestive tracts of animals. Ascospores have thick walls composed of chitin to help them endure the environment of animal guts. Animal vectors include birds, deer, and rodents such as voles , squirrels , and chipmunks . Many species of trees, such as Quercus garryana , are dependent on

868-408: Is correlated with increasing photosynthetic rates in the spring as trees leaf out. Truffle fungi receive carbohydrates from their host plants, providing them with valuable micro- and macronutrients. Plant macronutrients include potassium , phosphorus , nitrogen , and sulfur . In contrast, micronutrients include iron , copper , zinc , and chloride . In truffle fungi, as in all ectomycorrhizae,

930-421: Is energy intensive because the fungus must allocate resources to the production of large sporocarps . Ascospores are borne within sac-like structures called asci, which are contained within the sporocarp. Because truffle fungi produce their sexual fruiting bodies underground, spores cannot be spread by wind and water. Therefore, nearly all truffles depend on mycophagous animal vectors for spore dispersal. This

992-437: Is particularly adapted to finding truffles using its refined sense of smell, visual clues, and long-term memory of prosperous populations of truffles. This intimacy between animals and truffles indirectly influences the success of mycorrhizal plant species. After ascospores are dispersed, they remain dormant until germination is initiated by exudates excreted from host plant roots. Following germination, hyphae form and seek out

1054-458: Is reduced. Mycelial mats can also help maintain the structure of soils by holding organic matter in place and preventing erosion . Often, these networks of mycelium provide support for smaller organisms in the soil, such as bacteria and microscopic arthropods . Bacteria feed on the exudates released by mycelium and colonise the soil surrounding them. Microscopic arthropods such as mites feed directly on mycelium and release valuable nutrients for

1116-428: Is similar to that of the pheromone androstenol that also occurs in humans. As of 2010 , the volatile profiles of seven black and six white truffle species have been studied. Truffles long eluded techniques of cultivation, as Jean-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (1825) noted: The most learned men have sought to ascertain the secret and fancied they discovered the seed. Their promises, however, were vain, and no planting

1178-537: Is sometimes called "Bohemian truffle". Geopora spp. are important ectomycorrhizal partners of trees in woodlands and forests throughout the world. Pinus edulis , a widespread pine species of the Southwest US, is dependent on Geopora for nutrient and water acquisition in arid environments. Like other truffle fungi, Geopora produces subterranean sporocarps as a means of sexual reproduction. Geopora cooperi , also known as pine truffle or fuzzy truffle,

1240-480: Is thought to date back to 1941 in Framingham, Massachusetts . Florence Hanna, the daughter of Italian immigrants and wife of restaurateur Ken Hanna, made large batches of her family's salad dressing for the house salads at the restaurant. The restaurant, originally called The '41 Cafe, later changed locations and became known as Ken's Steak House. The salad dressing became so popular that it was made in large vats in

1302-549: The Leucangium carthusianum , Oregon black truffle; Tuber gibbosum , Oregon spring white truffle; and Tuber oregonense , Oregon winter white truffle. Kalapuya brunnea , the Oregon brown truffle, has also been commercially harvested and is of culinary note. The Oregon white truffle is increasingly harvested due to its high quality and also exported to other countries. Oregon celebrates its traditional truffle harvesting with

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1364-925: The Ascomycota , Basidiomycota , and Glomeromycota . For example, the genera Rhizopogon and Hysterangium of Basidiomycota both form subterranean fruiting bodies and play similar ecological roles as truffle forming ascomycetes. The ancestors of the Ascomycota genera Geopora , Tuber , and Leucangium originated in Laurasia during the Paleozoic era. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that most subterranean fruiting bodies evolved from above-ground mushrooms. Over time mushroom stipes and caps were reduced, and caps began to enclose reproductive tissue. The dispersal of sexual spores then shifted from wind and rain to utilising animals. The phylogeny and biogeography of

1426-585: The Eocene about 50 million years ago. The specimens are preserved permineralized in-situ in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Princeton chert site. This indicates that the soft bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi do not easily fossilize. Molecular clockwork has suggested the evolution of ectomycorrhizal fungi occurred approximately 130 million years ago. The evolution of subterranean fruiting bodies has occurred numerous times within

1488-581: The Middle East . In the Southwestern United States , there is a variant from New Mexican cuisine called "green chile ranch" which adds green New Mexico chile pepper as an ingredient. Regional restaurant chains like Dion's produce and sell green chile ranch, as do others. Other variations include avocado , roasted red pepper , and truffle . One side effect of the adoption of the name "ranch" for Henson's new salad dressing

1550-626: The Midwest region. Ranch dressing was invented in the early 1950s by Steven Henson (1918–2007), a Thayer, Nebraska native working as a plumbing contractor in the Anchorage, Alaska area, while cooking to feed his work crews. Henson retired from plumbing at age 35 and moved with his wife to Santa Barbara County, California , where in 1956 he purchased a guest ranch in San Marcos Pass and renamed it Hidden Valley Ranch. Henson served

1612-512: The 19th century to the present, truffle production fell by 97–99% to 20–50 tonnes annually. Reasons given for this decline include the Industrial Revolution , the subsequent rural flight and the multiple European wars of the 20th century, which reduced the rural population. For example, World War I resulted in the mobilisation of 65% of the agricultural workers from the region of Lot alone. Knowledge of truffle cultivation,

1674-599: The Basidiomycota and the order Hysterangiales that form sporocarps similar to true truffles. These fungi form mycelial mats of vegetative hyphae that may cover 25–40% of the forest floor in Douglas fir forests, thereby contributing to a significant portion of the biomass present in soils. Like other ectomycorrhizal fungi, Hysterangium spp. play a role in nutrient exchange in the nitrogen cycle by accessing nitrogen unavailable to host plants and acting as nitrogen sinks in forests. Glomus spp. are arbuscular mycorrhizae of

1736-528: The Hidden Valley Ranch brand was bought by Clorox for $ 8 million, and Henson retired. Kraft Foods and General Foods introduced similar dry seasoning packets labeled as "ranch style". Clorox reformulated the Hidden Valley Ranch dressing several times to make it more convenient for consumers, including adding buttermilk flavoring to the seasoning, allowing the dressing to be made using much less expensive regular milk . In 1983, Clorox developed

1798-521: The Southwest United States is Pinus edulis , commonly known as pinyon pine. P. edulis associates with the subterranean fungi Geopora and Rhizopogon . As global temperatures rise, so does the occurrence of severe droughts, detrimentally affecting the survival of aridland plants. This variability in climate has increased the mortality of P. edulis . Therefore, the availability of compatible mycorrhizal inoculum can greatly affect

1860-577: The barrel. The dressing recipe was eventually purchased by Lipton and has been made commercially by a succession of owners since, with the Wish-Bone brand of products currently made by Pinnacle Foods, Inc. Truffle A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean ascomycete fungus , one of the species of the genus Tuber . More than one hundred other genera of fungi are classified as truffles including Geopora , Peziza , Choiromyces , and Leucangium . These genera belong to

1922-514: The basement of Ken's to keep up with demand. Customers started requesting the Italian dressing to go. The Crowley family, who owned a nearby manufacturing business, approached the Hanna family about bottling the popular salad dressing. This resulted in the creation of Ken's Salad Dressing , which now comes in ten different variations of Italian, as well as many other flavors. Italian salad dressing

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1984-404: The cell walls of plants, limiting their capacity to decompose plant litter. Plant hosts can also depend on their associated truffle fungi. Geopora , Peziza , and Tuber spp. are vital in the establishment of oak communities. Tuber species prefer argillaceous or calcareous soils that are well drained and neutral or alkaline . Tuber truffles fruit throughout the year, depending on

2046-792: The class Pezizomycetes and the Pezizales order. Several truffle-like basidiomycetes are excluded from Pezizales, including Rhizopogon and Glomus . Truffles are ectomycorrhizal fungi, so they are found in close association with tree roots. Spore dispersal is accomplished through fungivores , animals that eat fungi. These fungi have ecological roles in nutrient cycling and drought tolerance. Some truffle species are prized as food. Edible truffles are used in Italian , French and other national haute cuisines . Truffles are cultivated and harvested from natural environments. The black truffle or black Périgord truffle ( Tuber melanosporum ),

2108-606: The digging that dropped the production rate of the area for some years. An alternative to truffle pigs are dogs. Dogs offer an advantage because they do not have a strong desire to eat truffles, so they can be trained to locate sporocarps without digging them up. Pigs attempt to dig up truffles. Fly species of the genus Suillia can also detect the volatile compounds associated with subterranean fruiting bodies. These flies lay their eggs above truffles to provide food for their young. At ground level, Suilla flies can be seen flying above truffles. The mycelia or fruiting bodies release

2170-418: The dispersal of sporocarps to inoculate isolated individuals. For example, the acorns of Q. garryana may be carried to new territory that lacks the necessary mycorrhizal fungi for establishment. Some mycophagous animals depend on truffles as their dominant food source. Flying squirrels, Glaucomys sabrinus , of North America play a three-way symbiosis with truffles and their associated plants. G. sabrinus

2232-536: The ectomycorrhizal trophic mode in diverse fungi. The subphylum Pezizomycotina , containing the order Pezizales, is approximately 400 million years old. Within the order Pezizales, subterranean fungi evolved independently at least fifteen times. Contained within Pezizales are the families Tuberaceae , Pezizaceae , Pyronematacae , and Morchellaceae . All of these families contain lineages of subterranean or truffle fungi. The oldest ectomycorrhizal fossils are from

2294-491: The female pig's natural truffle-seeking and her intent to eat the truffle were thought to be due to a compound within the truffle similar to androstenol , the sex pheromone of boar saliva, to which the sow is keenly attracted. Studies in 1990 demonstrated that the compound actively recognised by both truffle pigs and dogs is dimethyl sulfide . In Italy, the use of pigs to hunt truffles has been prohibited since 1985 because of damage caused by animals to truffle mycelia during

2356-450: The formation of mycorrhizae are necessary to ensure the success of a plantation. Total investment per hectare for an irrigated and barrier-sealed plantation (against wild boars) can cost up to €10,000. Considering the level of initial investment and the maturity delay, farmers who have not taken care of both soil conditions and seedling conditions are at high risk of failure. The first black truffles ( Tuber melanosporum ) to be produced in

2418-490: The genus Tuber was investigated in 2008 using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear DNA and revealed five major clades (Aestivum, Excavatum, Rufum, Melanosporum and Puberulum); this was later improved and expanded in 2010 to nine major clades using 28S large subunits (LSU) rRNA of mitochondrial DNA . The Magnatum and Macrosporum clades were distinguished as distinct from the Aestivum clade. The Gibbosum clade

2480-565: The idea of transplanting some seedlings that he had collected at the foot of oak trees known to host truffles in their root system. For discovering how to cultivate truffles, some sources now give priority to Pierre II Mauléon (1744–1831) of Loudun (in western France), who began to cultivate truffles around 1790. Mauléon saw an "obvious symbiosis" between the oak tree, the rocky soil, and the truffle and attempted to reproduce such an environment by taking acorns from trees known to have produced truffles and sowing them in chalky soil. His experiment

2542-516: The late 19th century, an epidemic of phylloxera destroyed many of the vineyards in southern France. Another epidemic killed most of the silkworms there, too, making the fields of mulberry trees useless. Trufficulture became an important source of income for those affected. The calcareous and exposed vineyard soils were well-suited to the cultivation of truffles. By 1890, truffières (truffle plantations) covered 750 km of land in France, and 2,000 tonnes of truffles were produced in that year. From

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2604-621: The majority of nutrient exchange occurs in the Hartig net, the intercellular hyphal network between plant root cells. A unique feature of ectomycorrhizal fungi is the formation of the mantle on the outer surface of fine roots. Truffles have been suggested to co-locate with the orchid species Epipactis helleborine and Cephalanthera damasonium , though this is not always the case. Truffle fungi are ecologically important in nutrient cycling. Plants obtain nutrients via their fine roots. Mycorrhizal fungi are much smaller than fine roots, so they have

2666-547: The operation. By the mid-1960s, the guest ranch had closed, but Henson's "ranch dressing" mail-order business was thriving. The Hensons incorporated Hidden Valley Ranch Food Products, Inc., and opened a factory to manufacture ranch dressing in larger volumes, which they first distributed to supermarkets in the Southwest , and eventually nationwide. Manufacturing of the mix was later moved to San Jose , then to Colorado , and then to Sparks, Nevada , in 1972. In October 1972,

2728-473: The phylum Glomeromycota within the order Glomerales . Members of this genus have low host specificity, associating with a variety of plants including hardwoods, forbs, shrubs, and grasses. These fungi commonly occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Members of the genus Elaphomyces are commonly mistaken for truffles. Phylogenetic analysis has demonstrated the convergent evolution of

2790-459: The roots of host plants. Arriving at roots, hyphae begin to form a mantle or sheath on the outer surface of root tips. Hyphae then enter the root cortex intercellularly to form the Hartig net for nutrient exchange. Hyphae can spread to other root tips colonising the entire root system of the host. Over time, the truffle fungus accumulates sufficient resources to form fruiting bodies. Rate of growth

2852-479: The roots of several tree species, including beech , birch , hazel , hornbeam , oak , pine , and poplar . Mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungi such as truffles provide valuable nutrients to plants in exchange for carbohydrates . Ectomycorrhizal fungi cannot survive in the soil without their plant hosts. In fact, many of these fungi have lost the enzymes necessary for obtaining carbon through other means. For example, truffle fungi have lost their ability to degrade

2914-431: The salad dressing he had created at the ranch's steakhouse, which became popular, and guests bought jars to take home. The first commercial customer for ranch dressing was Henson's friend, Audrey Ovington, who was the owner of Cold Spring Tavern . By 1957, Henson began selling packages of dressing mix in stores. Henson began selling the packages by mail for 75 cents a piece, and eventually devoted every room in his house to

2976-556: The salad dressing market itself over concerns about rapid spoilage. The case was tried in 1976 before federal judge Eldon Brooks Mahon in Fort Worth, Texas . Mahon ruled in favor of Waples-Platter in a lengthy opinion, which described the various "ranch style" and "ranch" products then available in the 1970s in the United States, of which many had been created to compete against Hidden Valley Ranch. Mahon's opinion cites evidence indicating lawyers had compelled Henson himself to sit for

3038-636: The same species) are harvested in autumn until December and have aromatic flesh of a darker colour. These are associated with various trees and shrubs. Tuber magnatum, the high-value white truffle ( Italian : tartufo bianco ) is found mainly in the Langhe and Montferrat areas of the Piedmont region in northern Italy , and most famously, in the countryside around the cities of Alba and Asti . A large percentage of Italy's white truffles also come from Molise . The " whitish truffle " ( Tuber borchii )

3100-567: The second-most commercially valuable species, is named after the Périgord region in France. Black truffles associate with oaks , hazelnut , cherry, and other deciduous trees and are harvested in late autumn and winter. The genome sequence of the black truffle was published in March 2010. The black summer truffle ( Tuber aestivum ) is found across Europe and is prized for its culinary value. Burgundy truffles (designated Tuber uncinatum , but

3162-573: The soil and the seasons was lost along with the people. Another consequence was no more grazing sheep or shepherds who pruned trees for feed and fuelwood, so former truffle plantations turned into closed forests that no longer produced truffles. Truffles were once sold at weekly markets (bi-weekly in the case of a market in Martel, Lot ) and in quantities of two to six tonnes in good weeks, but only Lalbenque and Limogne today have weekly truffle markets. Prices have increased so that truffles, once seen as

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3224-431: The species, and can be found buried between the leaf litter and the soil. Most fungal biomass is found in the humus and litter layers of soil. Most truffle fungi produce both asexual spores (mitospores or conidia ) and sexual spores (meiospores or ascospores / basidiospores ). Conidia can be produced more readily and with less energy than ascospores and can disperse during disturbance events. Production of ascospores

3286-418: The successful establishment of P. edulis seedlings. Associated ectomycorrhizal fungi will likely play a significant role in the survival of P. edulis with continuing global climate change . Because truffles are subterranean, they are often located with the help of an animal (sometimes called a truffler ) possessing a refined sense of smell. Traditionally, pigs have been used to extract truffles. Both

3348-460: The uptake of other organisms. Thus, truffle fungi and other ectomycorrhizal fungi facilitate a complex system of nutrient exchange between plants, animals, and microbes. Plant community structure is often affected by the availability of compatible mycorrhizal fungi. In arid-land ecosystems, these fungi become essential for the survival of their host plants by enhancing the ability to withstand drought. A foundation species in arid-land ecosystems of

3410-523: The volatile constituents responsible for the natural aroma of truffles or derive from truffle-associated microbes . The chemical ecology of truffle volatiles is complex, interacting with plants, insects, and mammals, which contribute to spore dispersal. Depending on the truffle species, lifecycle, or location, they include: Several truffle species and varieties are differentiated based on their relative contents or absence of sulfides , ethers or alcohols , respectively. The sweaty-musky aroma of truffles

3472-412: The world using controlled irrigation for regular and resilient production. A critical phase of the cultivation is the quality control of the mycorrhizal plants. Between 7 and 10 years are needed for the truffles to develop their mycorrhizal network, and only after that do the host plants come into production. Complete soil analysis to avoid contamination by other dominant fungi and very strict control of

3534-647: Was disputing the right of other American food manufacturers to compete against Hidden Valley Ranch by using the label "ranch style". Italian dressing In American cuisine , Italian dressing is a vinaigrette -type salad dressing that consists of water , vinegar or lemon juice , vegetable oil , chopped bell peppers , sugar or corn syrup , herbs and spices (including oregano , fennel , dill and salt ) and sometimes onion and garlic . The creamy Italian variant adds milk products and stabilizers. Italian and creamy Italian dressings are often bought bottled or prepared by mixing oil and vinegar with

3596-561: Was ever followed by a harvest. This perhaps is all right, for as one of the great values of truffles is their dearness, perhaps they would be less highly esteemed if they were cheaper. Truffles can be cultivated. As early as 1808, attempts to cultivate truffles, known in French as trufficulture , were successful. People had long observed that truffles were growing among the roots of certain trees, and in 1808, Joseph Talon , from Apt ( département of Vaucluse ) in southern France , had

3658-565: Was resolved as distinct from all other clades, and the Spinoreticulatum clade was separated from the Rufum clade. The truffle habit has evolved independently among several basidiomycete genera. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that basidiomycete subterranean fruiting bodies, like their ascomycete counterparts, evolved from above ground mushrooms. For example, Rhizopogon species likely arose from an ancestor shared with Suillus ,

3720-633: Was served in Kansas City, Missouri, at the Wishbone Restaurant beginning in 1948. The Wishbone was opened in 1945 by Phillip Sollomi along with his mother, Lena. The Italian dressing served at the Wishbone was based on a recipe from Lena Sollomi's Sicilian family which was a blend of oil, vinegar, herbs, and spices. Demand for the salad dressing proved so high that Phillip started a separate operation to produce it for sale, making it by

3782-563: Was successful, with truffles found in the soil around the newly grown oak trees years later. In 1847, Auguste Rousseau of Carpentras (in Vaucluse ) planted 7 hectares (17 acres) of oak trees (again from acorns found on the soil around truffle-producing oak trees), and he subsequently obtained large harvests of truffles. He received a prize at the 1855 World's Fair in Paris . Others imitated these successful attempts in France and Italy. In

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3844-563: Was that it resulted in a federal lawsuit over whether the phrase "ranch style" could be used to describe competing salad dressing products. Since the early 1930s, there had also been an existing product called “Ranch Style Beans”, which is still sold by Conagra Brands today. In 1975, Waples-Platter, the Texas-based manufacturer of Ranch Style Beans, sued Kraft Foods and General Foods for trademark infringement for their "ranch style" products, even though Waples-Platter had declined to enter

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