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93-483: In England, county militia regiments were raised for internal defence in the absence of the regular army; but it was not deemed prudent to extend the system to Scotland, the inhabitants of which, it was supposed, could not yet be safely entrusted with arms because of The '15 and The '45 rebellions . Groundless as the reasons for this caution may have been in regard to the Lowlands, militias could have been hazardous in

186-536: A 1623 Privy Council commission: "Sir Donald Mackay of Strathnaver". ) The family seat is Dunrobin Castle , near Golspie , Sutherland in Scotland. Different sources give different accounts of the ancestors of the earls of Sutherland. The generally accepted ancestry is that William de Moravia (William Sutherland), 1st Earl of Sutherland in the peerage of Scotland (died 1248) was the son of Hugh de Moravia, who in turn

279-520: A brig the privateers had driven into Portlethen . The fencibles drove off the privateers, killing and wounding a number without loss to themselves. It was disbanded in 1783. Samuel Macdonald , better known by the sobriquet of "Big Sam", was a soldier in the regiment. He was born in the parish of Lairg in Sutherland, and was of extraordinary stature, being seven feet four inches in height, and every way stout in proportion. Being too large to stand in

372-465: A circuitous route through woods and over hills, which retarded him so much, that he did not appear at the appointed hour. Major Campbell, on reaching the neighbourhood of Edinburgh without his prisoner, was greatly perplexed. He had indeed marched slowly forward, but no soldier appeared; and unable to delay any longer, he entered the city, marched up to the Castle, and as he was delivering over the prisoners, but before any report had been given in, Macmartin,

465-639: A fencible regiment of Scottish Highlanders, whose services should extend to England. The regiment was accordingly formed, and as both officers and men were principally natives of Caithness, it was at first called the Caithness Fencibles; but the Prince of Wales having granted permission that Rothesay, his chief title in Scotland, should be added, the battalion was afterwards called the Rothesay and Caithness Fencibles. Another reason for this conjunction

558-432: A fencible regiment within their districts. Unlike the militia regiments which were raised by ballot, the fencibles were raised by the ordinary mode of recruiting, and like the regiments of the line, the officers were to be appointed and their commissions signed by the king. The same system was followed at different periods down to the year 1799, the last of the fencible regiments having been raised in that year. The following

651-581: A jocular remark, which was considered as offensive by the officers, he and some of his comrades, who appeared to enjoy the joke, were put into confinement, and threatened with punishment This injudicious step roused the feelings of the Highlanders, who considered themselves as insulted and disgraced in the persons of the prisoners, and they could not endure that such a stain should "attach to themselves and their country from an infamous punishment for crimes, according to their views, not in themselves infamous in

744-500: A mutiny broke out amongst the Strathspey Highlanders. A spirit of jealousy and distrust of their officers had taken deep root in the breasts of the men, in consequence of an attempt that had been made the preceding year at Linlithgow , to induce them to extend their service, which was confined to Scotland. They erroneously conceived that there was a design to entrap them; a suspicion which appears to have originated in

837-435: A plaid thrown across the shoulders, and tartan pantaloons in imitation of the trews , surmounted with a stripe of yellow along the seams, a fringe of tartan on the outside of the thigh, and the same round the ankle. The tartan worn was the same or nearly the same as that of the 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment (Black Watch with an over-check of yellow over the green). This battalion was disbanded in 1799. A second battalion

930-604: A serious blow, without being sensible of its force. He was considered an excellent drill, from his mild and clear manner of giving his directions. After the peace of 1783 he enlisted in the Royals . From thence he was transferred to the Sutherland Fencibles of 1793. The countess of Sutherland , with great kindness, allowed him 2s. 6d. per diem extra pay, judging probably that so large a body must require more sustenance than his military pay could afford. He attracted

1023-565: A smaller Jacobite force led by Mackintosh of Borlum was defeated at Preston . Amongst the leaders of a Jacobite conspiracy in western England were three peers and six MPs. The government arrested the leaders, including Sir William Wyndham , on the night of 2 October, and on the following day easily obtained Parliament's legitimation of these arrests. The government sent reinforcements to defend Bristol , Southampton and Plymouth . Oxford , famous for its monarchist sentiment, fell under government suspicion, and on 17 October General Pepper led

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1116-519: A week in a fresh quarter, or cantonment, that they did not conciliate and become intimate with the people". The regiment was disbanded in March 1799. It was from the disbanded ranks of this corps that the 93rd Regiment of Foot was principally formed. Alexander, Duke of Gordon's commission as colonel of the Gordon Fencibles (1793–1799), was dated 3 March; and not long after this the regiment

1209-542: Is a list of the Highland fencible regiments according to the chronological order of the commissions: The commissions of the officers of the Argyle Fencibles were dated in the month of July, 1759. The regiment, which consisted of 1,000 men, was raised in three months. Of 37 officers, 21 were of the name of Campbell. The regiment was quartered in different parts of Scotland, and disbanded in the year 1763. Though

1302-646: Is now more than ever Now or Never ". Despite receiving no commission from James to start the rising, the Earl of Mar sailed from London to Scotland, and on 27 August at Braemar in Aberdeenshire held the first council of war. On 6 September at Braemar, Mar raised the standard of "James the 8th and 3rd", acclaimed by 600 supporters. Parliament responded with the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act of 1715 , and passed an Act that confiscated

1395-537: Is the son of Charles Noel Janson and Elizabeth, Countess of Sutherland. At birth, he was given the names Alistair Charles St. Clair Janson; in 1963 he became Lord Strathnaver, when he also changed his surname to Sutherland. He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford , graduating BA . He worked for the Metropolitan Police between 1969 and 1974 and for IBM between 1976 and 1979. On 9 December 2019, he succeeded as Earl of Sutherland in

1488-438: The 94th regiment ) and the Sutherland, Breadalbane, and Grant Fencibles. The others were ordered to join regiments abroad. No other act of insubordination occurred in the regiment, which was disbanded in the year 1799. The Breadalbane Fencibles were raised when John Campbell, Earl of Breadalbane , moved by the same patriotic feeling which actuated Sir James Grant, offered to raise two fencible regiments, which were completed in

1581-563: The Earl of Mar raised the Jacobite standard on 27 August. Aiming to capture Stirling Castle, he was checked by the much-outnumbered Hanoverians, commanded by the Duke of Argyll , at Sheriffmuir on 13 November. There was no clear result, but the Earl appeared to believe, mistakenly, that he had won the battle, and left the field. After the Jacobite surrender at Preston (14 November), the rebellion

1674-509: The declaration of war by France , the regiment was assembled at Forres in the end of April, 1793. With the exception of 41 Scottish Lowlanders, three Englishmen, and two Irishmen, the regiment consisted of Highlanders. On 5 June it was embodied and inspected by Lieutenant-general Alexander Leslie , marched to the southward in August, and quartered successively in most of the towns in the south of Scotland. Whilst stationed at Dumfries in 1795,

1767-688: The 'Protestant Succession.' This act of friendship forced George I to back the Dutch against the Emperor on the implementation of the Barrier, something George had sought to avoid. With both Maritime Powers drawing a unified line against Austria, the barrier negotiations were quickly concluded to the Dutch Republic 's satisfaction. Dutch troops took part in some minor actions in Scotland. On 22 December, James landed in Scotland at Peterhead , but by

1860-506: The Act named her successor as the distantly related, but Protestant, Sophia of Hanover , who died two months before Anne in August 1714. This made Anne's heir presumptive Sophia's eldest son, George I of Great Britain (who therefore had maternal descent from the House of Stuart ), and gave the pro-Hanoverian Whigs control of government for the next 30 years. French support had been crucial for

1953-491: The Caithness Highlanders obtained commissions in the 79th and 92nd of the line. The Caithness Fencibles returned to Scotland in 1802, and were disbanded the same year. The Dumbarton Fencibles was raised by Colonel Campbell of Stonefield , agreeably to orders, dated 11 October 1794, and was inspected and reported complete by Major-general Sir James Stewart, in the summer of the following year. Colonel Campbell

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2046-593: The Fraser Fencibles conducted themselves with great propriety. The %2715 The Jacobite rising of 1715 ( Scottish Gaelic : Bliadhna Sheumais [ˈpliən̪ˠə ˈheːmɪʃ] ; or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England , Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts . At Braemar , Aberdeenshire , local landowner

2139-536: The Hanoverian commander, the Duke of Argyll , time to increase his strength with reinforcements from the Irish Garrison . On 22 October, Mar received his commission from James appointing him commander of the Jacobite army. His forces outnumbered Argyll's Hanoverian army by three to one, and Mar decided to march on Stirling Castle. On 13 November the two forces joined battle at Sheriffmuir . The fighting

2232-527: The Highlands at a time when the Stuarts and their adherents were still plotting a restoration to have armed the clans . An exception, however, was made in favour of the people of Argyle and Sutherland; accordingly, letters of service were issued to John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll , then the most influential and powerful nobleman in Scotland, and William Sutherland, 18th Earl of Sutherland , to each raise

2325-597: The Kells and Navan yeomanry, three companies of the Reays, under Captain Hector Maclean, an experienced officer, who had served 37 years in the 42nd , attacked a large body of rebels, and drove them from their strong and elevated position, with a loss of about 400 killed and wounded. In this affair, the Reays had 26 men killed and wounded. The regiment, whose conduct was most exemplary, returned to Scotland in 1802, and

2418-536: The King's Botanist and brother-in-law of prominent Scottish Whig, Unionist, and Hanoverian Sir John Clerk, Baron Clerk . By October, Mar's force, numbering nearly 20,000, had taken control of all Scotland above the Firth of Forth , apart from Stirling Castle . However, Mar was indecisive, and the Jacobite capture of Perth and the move south by 2,000 men were probably at the initiative of subordinates. Mar's hesitation gave

2511-623: The Lord of the Isles in 1415, in a 1504 'Gift of Non-entry' by James IV: "our lovit Y Mcky in Strathnaver". The title is also implicit in the 1517 bond of friendship between Adam Gordon and Aodh Mackay and then his son John's 1518 renewed bond that refers to John Mackay as "of Strathnaver". Other confirmations are from 1540 in a charter from the Bishop of Caithness : "Donald Mackay of Strathnaver",

2604-715: The Old Pretender, made two more attempts at the British throne. In 1719, despite Spanish support, he was again defeated in the Battle of Glenshiel . James's son Charles Edward Stuart , the Young Pretender, attempted to win the throne for his father in 1745, but was defeated at the Battle of Culloden . James died in 1766. Earl of Sutherland Earl of Sutherland is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It

2697-468: The Reay Fencibles, and, after the defeat of Castlebar , he frequently exclaimed, "If I had had my brave and honest Reays there, this would not have happened". The only opportunity they had of proving their firmness in the unhappy service in which they were engaged was at the battle of Tara Hill , on 26 May 1798, where, in conjunction with two troops of Lord Fingall's , some cavalry and foot from

2790-659: The Stuart exiles, but their acceptance of the Protestant succession in Britain was part of the terms that ended the 1701–1714 War of the Spanish Succession . This ensured a smooth inheritance by George I in August 1714, and the Stuarts were later banished from France by the terms of the 1716 Anglo-French Treaty . The 1710–1714 Tory government had actively prosecuted their Whig opponents, who now retaliated, accusing

2883-507: The Tories of corruption: Robert Harley was imprisoned in the Tower of London while Lord Bolingbroke escaped to France and became James' new Secretary of State. On 14 March 1715, James appealed to Pope Clement XI for help with a Jacobite rising: "It is not so much a devoted son, oppressed by the injustices of his enemies, as a persecuted Church threatened with destruction, which appeals for

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2976-597: The absent soldier, rushed in amongst his fellow-prisoners, all pale with anxiety and fatigue, and breathless, with apprehension of the consequences in which his delay might have involved his benefactor. The first and second battalions of the Breadalbane Fencibles were discharged in 1799 along with the Grant, Gordon, Sutherland, Rothsay, Caithness, (1st battalion) Argyle, and Hopetoun Fencible regiments, whose services were limited to Scotland. The third battalion

3069-414: The army, the rest of the corps were from the countries in the neighbourhood of these districts. The regiment was ordered to Ireland, where it arrived on 1 August 1795. In November 1797, Simon Fraser, the younger of Lovat , was appointed colonel, in consequence of the resignation of Belladrum. The Fraser Fencibles fought at the battle of Castlebar , and had the other corps behaved like them on that occasion

3162-480: The chiefs of Clan Murray through their shared progenitor Freskin de Moravia. Various branches of the Murray Clan claim descent from Freskin, including those who were earls and later dukes of Atholl . Current research is underway via male-line Y-DNA studies in collaboration with both branches of these clans to determine if any modern branches share an early medieval ancestor. From Robert, 6th Earl (d. 1444) onward

3255-583: The commencement of the French Revolutionary Wars , that of "Lord Reay's country" (as that region was then called), the residence of the Clan Mackay , was selected. The chief of that clan, the then Hugh, Lord Reay , being, from mental imbecility, incapable of acting, Hugh Mackay Bailie of Rosehall, was appointed colonel, and the late George Mackay of Bighouse, lieutenant-colonel of the Reay Fencibles ordered to be raised. Notwithstanding

3348-480: The commissions of the officers were dated in the month of August, the Sutherland Fencibles was raised several weeks before that of Argyle Fencibles , 1,100 men having assembled at the call of the earl of Sutherland, on the lawn before Dunrobin Castle , within nine days after his lordship's arrival in Sutherland with his letters of service. The martial appearance of these men, when they marched into Perth in May, 1760, with

3441-417: The conduct of the officers, some of whom did not explain the nature of the proposals to their men, whilst others entirely mistook their import and meaning. For a time the good understanding between the officers and the men appeared to have returned; but an incident which occurred at Dumfries rekindled the dying embers of dissension, and led to the most unpleasant consequences. A soldier in the ranks having made

3534-539: The corps its designation was changed, after the suppression of the rebellion, to the Duke of York's Royal Inverness-shire Highlanders. The establishment of the regiment was increased, and in 1801 the whole corps offered to extend its service to any part of the world. In March 1802 the regiment was disbanded at Stirling. In consequence of the advanced age of Archibald Fraser the chief of the Clan Fraser, (youngest son of

3627-441: The death of William Gordon, 18th earl, without sons, when the title passed to his daughter Elizabeth, 19th Countess of Sutherland (1765–1839). The 19th Countess of Sutherland then married George Granville Leveson-Gower in 1785; he inherited the title of Marquess of Stafford from his father in 1803. The marquess held vast lands and wealth, having inherited from his father, the first marquess of Stafford, from his maternal uncle,

3720-628: The dragoons into the city and arrested some leading Jacobites without resistance. Though the main rising in the West had been forestalled, a planned secondary rising in Northumberland went ahead on 6 October 1715, including two peers of the realm, James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater , and William Widdrington, 4th Baron Widdrington , and a future peer, Charles Radclyffe , later de jure 5th Earl of Derwentwater . Another future English peer, Edward Howard , later 9th Duke of Norfolk , joined

3813-420: The duchess-countess of Sutherland) and no near male relative of the name to assume the command of this regiment, William Wemyss of Wemyss, nephew of William Sutherland, 18th Earl of Sutherland ), was appointed colonel. With the exception of two companies from Caithness , commanded by William Innes of Sandside, and John Sutherland of Wester, the recruits were raised on the Sutherland estates; and so desirous were

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3906-454: The dukedom had to pass to a male heir and was inherited by John Egerton , 5th Earl of Ellesmere (1915–2000). The subsidiary title associated with the earldom is Lord Strathnaver (created 1230), which is used as a courtesy title by the earl's or countess's eldest son and heir. (There is no evidence of Sutherland use of this title from 1230 although later on the Gordons adopted it, but it

3999-462: The earl of Sutherland at their head, was never forgotten by those who saw them, and who never failed to express admiration of their fine military air. Some old friends of mine, who often saw these men in Perth, spoke of them with a kind of enthusiasm. Considering the abstemious habits, or rather the poverty of the Highlanders, the size and muscular strength of the people are remarkable. In this corps there

4092-466: The fidelity of soldiers, and the manly rectitude of their national character. It is with pleasure and satisfaction we declare, that the tranquillity which this county is now happily beginning to enjoy, must, in many respects, be ascribed to the ready obedience and proper deportment of the officers and men under your command. For reasons thus honourable to them, and grateful to ourselves, we return you our most sincere thanks, and request you will communicate to

4185-649: The first day of the battle, killing large numbers of Government forces, but Government reinforcements arrived the next day and the Jacobites eventually surrendered. On 15 November 3,000 Dutch troops arrived on the Thames and some time later another 3,000 landed in Hull . With this act of support, the Dutch fulfilled their part of the Barrier Treaty , which stated that the Dutch would provide 6,000 troops to defend

4278-471: The following day. Many Jacobite prisoners were tried for treason and sentenced to death. On 14 May 1716, Henry Oxburgh was hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn . The Indemnity Act of July 1717 pardoned all those who had taken part in the Rising, but the whole of Clan Gregor , including Rob Roy MacGregor , was specifically excluded from the benefits of that Act. In later years, James, now known as

4371-429: The frigate. The Royal Navy took Jason into service as HMS  Proselyte . In 1797 the regiment extended its services to Ireland; but, with the exception of one skirmish, no opportunity offered for distinguishing itself in the field. The conduct of the Sutherland Fencibles, during the troubles, was most exemplary; and it was said of them, that "their conduct and manners softened the horrors of war, and they were not

4464-458: The good of the service". The Inverness-shire Fencibles (or Inverness Fencibles) were raised shortly after 21 November 1794 when letters of service were issued to Major Baillie of Dunain to raise a fencible corps of 600 whose service should extend to the whole of Great Britain and Ireland. Major Gordon Cumming of Pitlurg was appointed to the permanent post of lieutenant-colonel by Colonel Baillie, who had that privilege conferred on him. The regiment

4557-481: The government stored arms for up to 10,000 men and £100,000 paid to Scotland when she entered the Union with England. Lord Drummond, with 80 Jacobites, tried under the cover of night to take the Castle, using a ladder. However, the ladder proved to be too short, leaving them stranded until morning, at which point they were discovered and arrested. It was subsequently alleged that this plot was organised by William Arthur ,

4650-493: The land of rebelling Jacobite landlords in favour of their tenants who supported the London government. Some of Mar's tenants travelled to Edinburgh to prove their loyalty to the Hanoverian crown and acquire title to Mar's land. In northern Scotland, the Jacobites were successful. They took Inverness , Gordon Castle , Aberdeen and further south, Dundee , although they were unable to capture Fort William . In Edinburgh Castle ,

4743-651: The last Lord Lovat, and brother of Gen. Simon Fraser (1726–1782)) James Fraser of Belladrum, who had served under his chief in Canada during the Seven Years' War , was appointed to raise this regiment. It was completed in the spring of 1795, and was inspected and embodied at Inverness on 14 June same year. 300 of the men bore the name of Fraser, chiefly from the Aird and Stratherrick. With the exception of 30 Scottish Lowlanders and 18 English and Irish who had formerly served in

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4836-425: The men of Sutherland of entering the regiment, that in the parish of Farr, Sutherland alone 154 were enlisted in two days. In February 1779 the regiment was embodied at Fort George , whence it marched southward, and was stationed in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh during the part of its service. In November 1780 a party of Sutherland Fencibles held off an attack by boats from a privateer, Rohan Soubife of Dunkirk , on

4929-415: The men were despatched without clothing or arms, of which, however, they received a supply at Glasgow on their route. The regiment was actively employed during the rebellion , and conducted themselves in that unfortunate service with as much forbearance as circumstances would permit. Colonel Baillie died in 1797, and was succeeded by Lieutenant-colonel Cumming Gordon. In compliment to the good behaviour of

5022-449: The moral sense of the word". The consequence was, that many of the soldiers, in open defiance of their officers, broke out, and released the prisoners. After this unfortunate affair, the regiment was marched to Musselburgh , when Corporal James Macdonald, and privates Charles and Alexander Mackintosh, Alexander Fraser, and Duncan Macdougall, were tried, and being found guilty of mutinous conduct, condemned to be shot. The corporal's sentence

5115-570: The notice of the Prince of Wales , and was for some time one of the porters at Carlton house . When the 93d was raised he could not be kept from his old friends; and joining the regiment, he died in Guernsey in 1802, regretted by his corps as a respectable, trust-worthy, excellent man. The Grant or Strathspey Fencibles were raised when Sir James Grant of Grant, having offered to raise a regiment, he obtained permission to do so, and two months after

5208-441: The officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers, this testimony of our esteem, and acknowledgement of their exemplary conduct. In 1797 the regiment, with the exception of about 50 men, volunteered their services to any part of Europe. In the summer of 1800, 200 men volunteered into the 79th and 92nd regiments. As an ensign was to be appointed to every 50 men who should volunteer from the fencible regiments, four officers from

5301-408: The peerage of Scotland (created 1235). On 29 November 1968, as Strathnaver, he married firstly Eileen Elizabeth Baker, daughter of Richard Wheeler Baker; they were divorced in 1980, having had two daughters: On 21 March 1980, Sutherland married secondly Gillian Murray, daughter of Robert Murray, and they had a son and a daughter: Sutherland's heir apparent , Alexander, Lord Strathnaver, died in

5394-425: The promise I now make, to be with you in full time to be delivered up in the castle". Major Campbell, a very judicious and humane man, was startled at this extraordinary proposal; but having perfect confidence in the prisoner, he complied with his request. The soldier, accordingly, returned to Glasgow at night, transacted his business, and left the town before day-light to redeem his pledge. To avoid observation, he made

5487-508: The protection and help of its worthy pontiff". On 19 August, Bolingbroke wrote to James that "..things are hastening to that point, that either you, Sir, at the head of the Tories, must save the Church and Constitution of England or both must be irretrievably lost for ever". Believing the great general Marlborough would join him, on 23 August James wrote to the Duke of Berwick , his illegitimate brother and Marlborough's nephew, that; "I think it

5580-496: The ranks, he was generally placed on the right of the regiment when in line, and marched at the head when in column. Whether on duty, marching with his regiment, or on the streets, he was always accompanied by a mountain-deer of uncommon size, which was greatly attached to him. [Samuel's] parents were of good size, but in nothing otherwise remarkable. Macdonald had fortunately a quiet, equable temper. Had he been irritable, he might, from his immense strength and weight of arm, have given

5673-445: The rebellion was crushed, stationed them as a light infantry corps in the mountains under his own eye, and such was his confidence in them, that he selected a detachment of this regiment to guard 400 prisoners sent to Prussia, "as the service required confidential and trust-worthy men". The regiment returned to Scotland in 1802, and was disbanded the same year. Amongst other districts fixed on by government for raising fencible corps at

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5766-468: The regiment was augmented to 1,000 effective men, under the designation of the Caithness Highlanders, with officers in proportion. Of the exemplary conduct of the regiment, some idea may be formed from the following extract of an address presented to Lieutenant-colonel James Fraser of Culduthill, who commanded the regiment several years in Ireland, by a meeting of the magistrates of the county of Armagh, in

5859-449: The result might have been different. They were the last to retreat. A Highland Fraser sentinel was desired by his friends "to retreat with them, but he heroically refused to quit his post, which was elevated, with some little steps leading to it. He loaded and fired five times successively, and killed a Frenchman at every shot; but before he could charge a sixth time, they rushed on him, [and] beat out his brains". During this trying service,

5952-476: The ringleaders; but so many of the men were concerned, that it was found almost impossible to make a proper distinction. The difficulty was however solved by some of the soldiers themselves, who, becoming sensible of their error, with a noble and high-minded feeling, voluntarily offered to stand trial, and to abide the issue. They were accordingly sent to Edinburgh castle, tried, and four of their number condemned to be shot, but only one, Alexander Morland, suffered. He

6045-639: The rising later in Lancashire , as did other prominent figures, including Robert Cotton, one of the leading gentlemen in Huntingdonshire . The English Jacobites joined with a force of Scottish Borderer Jacobites, led by William Gordon, 6th Viscount Kenmure , and this small army received Mackintosh's contingent. They marched into England, where the Government forces caught up with them at the Battle of Preston on 12–14 November. The Jacobites won

6138-680: The second duke of Bridgewater, and also holding much property associated with the Earldom of Sutherland, which belonged to his wife. He was made Duke of Sutherland in 1833. The duke's son, also named George, inherited the Earldom of Sutherland from his mother and the Dukedom of Sutherland from his father. The two titles continued united in the Leveson-Gower family until the death of the fifth duke in 1963. The earldom passed to his niece Elizabeth, 24th Countess of Sutherland (1921–2019), while

6231-543: The summer of 1793. A third battalion was embodied a few months thereafter, under an arrangement, that its service, if necessary, should be extended to Ireland. The number of men raised was 2,300, of whom 1,600 were obtained from the estate of Breadalbane alone. A mutiny, similar in every respect in its cause, object, and consequences, to that of the Strathspey Fencibles , occurred amongst the Breadalbane Fencibles, at Glasgow in 1795. Measures were taken to secure

6324-411: The surname Sutherland was used. Elizabeth Sutherland, 10th Countess of Sutherland (1470–1535) married Adam Gordon, a younger son of George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly , chief of Clan Gordon . Their first son is Alexander Gordon, Master of Sutherland , whose descendants were several of the next earls of Sutherland, who all used the surname Gordon. The title was again held by a long string of men, until

6417-417: The time he arrived at Perth on 9 January 1716, the Jacobite army numbered fewer than 5,000. In contrast, Argyll's forces had acquired heavy artillery and were advancing quickly. Mar decided to burn a number of villages between Perth and Stirling to deprive Argyll's army of supplies . On 30 January, Mar led the Jacobites out of Perth; on 4 February James wrote a farewell letter to Scotland, sailing from Montrose

6510-419: The unfortunate state of their chief the clan came readily forward, and in a few weeks a body of 800 Highlanders, of whom 700 had the word Mac prefixed to their names, was assembled. In March 1795 the regiment was embodied by Sir Hector Munro at Fort George , whence it immediately proceeded to Ireland, where it soon acquired the confidence of Generals Lake and Nugent. The former was particularly attached to

6603-498: The western Highlands; the rest were recruited in Glasgow and the south-west of Scotland. Sir James Campbell of Ardkinglas was appointed lieutenant-colonel, and Hugh Montgomery of Coilsfield , afterwards Earl of Eglintoun , Major. The regiment was disbanded in 1783. The Gordon Fencibles regiment, which consisted of 960, was raised by Alexander, Duke of Gordon on his estates in the counties of Inverness, Moray, Banff, and Aberdeen. He

6696-570: The year 1798, the Lord Viscount Gosford , the governor, in the chair: We beg leave to testify our highest approbation of the conduct of the Rothsay and Caithness Fencibles, during a period of fourteen months, and under circumstances of peculiar difficulty. Divided, from the unfortunate necessity of the times, into various cantonments , and many of them stationed in a manner most unfavourable to military discipline, they yet preserved

6789-470: Was 1,084 men, with drummers and pipers. This contained a company from Ross-shire, commanded by Captain Robert, Macleod of Cadboll . The crew of the Dutch frigate mutinied and surrendered their vessel, Jason , on 8 June 1796 at Greenock , Scotland. When Jason surrendered she had more than 200 men aboard, so a "great party" from the Sutherland Fencibles marched from Glasgow to Greenock to take possession of

6882-490: Was a grandson of Freskin , a Flemish knight. William Fraser , writing in the 19th century gives a similar account but states that Hugh was actually the son of Freskin, rather than his grandson. Sir Robert Gordon (1580–1656), the 17th century historian of the House of Sutherland, and a younger son of Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland, stated that William de Moravia (William Sutherland), 1st Earl of Sutherland (died 1248)

6975-501: Was a younger son of Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland , states in his book A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland that the original line in fact used the surname "Sutherland". According to modern historians of the Cambridge University Press , from Robert, 6th Earl onwards they used the surname Sutherland. Alistair Charles St Clair Sutherland, 25th Earl of Sutherland (born 7 January 1947)

7068-620: Was appointed colonel and Lord William Gordon to be Lieutenant-colonel, James Chisholm and James Mercer to be majors and George Gordon, Lord Haddo a captain. In a newspaper notice for a General Muster at Elgin in September 1778, the title Northern Fencible Highlanders is used by Major Mercer. It was embodied at Aberdeen , and disbanded in 1783. During the five years this regiment was embodied, only twenty-four men died. The family of Sutherland being at that time represented by an infant female ( Elizabeth Gordon ), countess of Sutherland (afterwards

7161-663: Was appointed its colonel. The regiment was first stationed in Guernsey, and in 1797 was moved to Ireland, being reduced to 500 the previous year. Murdoch Maclaine of Lochbuy , the lieutenant-colonel, was moved to the Argyle Fencibles , on the transference of the regiment to Ireland, and was succeeded by Lieutenant-colonel Scott. The Dumbarton Fencibles were actively employed during the Irish Rebellion . They were particularly noticed by Sir John Moore , who, after

7254-659: Was completed in October 1795, and was embodied at Inverness under the name of the Loyal Inverness Fencible Highlanders, though there were only about 350 Highlanders in the corps. The uniform was the full Highland garb, and it was observed that some young Welshmen (about 40), who had joined the ranks, were more partial to the plaid than the Lowlanders of Aberdeen and Perth. The regiment was immediately ordered to Ireland, and with such haste that

7347-574: Was created circa 1230 for William de Moravia and is the premier earldom in the Peerage of Scotland. The earl or countess of Sutherland is also the chief of Clan Sutherland . The original line of earls of Sutherland had the surname "de Moravia" although they sometimes used the surname "Sutherland", taken from their hereditary title. The name de Moravia meant "of Moray" or "of Murray". The de Moravias who were earls of Sutherland and chiefs of Clan Sutherland, arguably shared their early paternal ancestry with

7440-408: Was disbanded at Stirling the same year. In dismissing the regiment Major-General Baillie took the "opportunity of expressing his highest approbation of the uniform good conduct of the regiment since it was embodied," reflecting "with pride and satisfaction on the many opportunities that occurred to evince the loyalty, good discipline, distinguished gallantry, and persevering attention of all ranks, to

7533-500: Was disbanded, along with the other fencible regiments, in 1799. Letters of service for the Argyle Fencibles, dated 1 March, were issued to the George, Marquis of Lorne to raise this corps. It was shortly afterwards embodied at Stirling and after six years' service, was disbanded in 1799. Rothesay and Caithness Fencibles (8th Fencible Regiment) were raised after letters of service were granted to Sir John Sinclair of Ulster , to raise

7626-403: Was fully prepared to meet his fate, but, with regard to his friend, he could not die in peace unless the business was settled; and that if the officer would permit him to return to Glasgow, he would join his comrades before they reached Edinburgh. He added, "You have known me since I was a child; you know my country and kindred, and you may believe I shall never bring you to any blame by a breach of

7719-461: Was indecisive, but near the end the Jacobites numbered 4,000 to Argyll's 1,000. Mar's force began to advance on Argyll, who was poorly protected, but Mar did not close in, possibly believing that he had won the battle already (Argyll had lost 660 men, three times as many as Mar). Instead, Mar retreated to Perth. On the same day as the Battle of Sheriffmuir, Inverness surrendered to Hanoverian forces, and

7812-413: Was never formally approved by king or government. The title is disputed by Clan Mackay whose early chiefs are all titled "of Strathnaver" from Iye MacAiodh 1st of Strathnaver (b. about 1210) to at least Sir Donald Mackay who was created as the first Lord Reay in 1628. There is independent evidence of the recognition of this title in reference to "the noble Angus Aodh of Strathnaver" in a charter to Angus by

7905-604: Was no light infantry company; upwards of 260 men being above five feet eleven inches in height, they were formed into two grenadier companies, one on each flank of the battalion. This regiment was disbanded in May, 1763. The Argyle or West Fencibles was raised by Lord Frederick Campbell , who had been appointed colonel, and it was embodied in Glasgow in April, 1778. Of the men, 700 were raised in Argyleshire and other parts of

7998-481: Was over. The 1688 Glorious Revolution deposed James II and VII , who was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband William III , ruling as joint monarchs. Shortly before William's death in March 1702, the Act of Settlement 1701 definitively excluded Catholics from the throne, among them James's son, James Francis Edward Stuart . Since his Protestant half-sister Anne had no surviving children,

8091-576: Was raised and embodied at Aberdeen . The uniform was the full Highland garb. The Duke raised upwards of 300 men on his estates in Strathspey, Badenoch, and Lochaber, and about an equal number was recruited on the neighbouring estates. About 150 more were raised in the Lowlands of Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin. In 1794 it was moved to England, having agreed to extend its service. The Gordon Highlanders were reviewed by George III in Hyde Park. The regiment

8184-475: Was raised by Sir John Sinclair in 1795, and embodied by Major-General James Hamilton at Forfar , in the May of that year. The service of this regiment was extended to Ireland. This corps was more mixed than the first; only about 350 men from Caithness and Sutherland having entered the regiment. The establishment and uniform of the battalion was the same as the first. The regiment was soon after its formation moved to Ireland, where it remained several years. In 1799,

8277-479: Was restricted to a corporal punishment. The four privates were marched out to Gullane Links, East Lothian, on 16 July 1795, and when they had arrived on the ground they were told that only two were to suffer, and that the two Mackintoshes would be permitted to draw lots. They accordingly drew, when the fatal one fell on Charles, who, with Fraser, was immediately shot in presence of the Scots Brigade, (afterwards

8370-536: Was sent to Ireland in 1795, and remained in that country until 1802, when it was disbanded. This regiment, which mustered at the call of the Countess of Sutherland , was embodied at Fort George . Colonel Wemyss, who had commanded the regiment of 1779, was appointed colonel, and the Honourable James Stuart, brother of Francis, Earl of Moray , lieutenant-colonel. The numerical strength of the corps

8463-524: Was shot on Musselburgh Sands. An anecdote of one of these men, related by David Stewart, affords a striking illustration of the faithfulness of the Highlanders in fulfilling obligations. On the march to Edinburgh, this man stated to Major Colin Campbell , who commanded the party, that he knew what his fate would be, but that he had left business of the utmost importance to a friend in Glasgow, which he wished to transact before his death; that as to himself he

8556-422: Was that the counties of Bute and Caithness then sent alternately a member to represent them in parliament. This regiment was assembled at Inverness in October, 1794, and embodied by Lieutenant-general Sir Hector Munro . The corps attracted particular notice from the majestic stature of the officers, nineteen of whom averaged 6 feet (1.8 m)in height. The uniform of the regiment was a bonnet and feathers, with

8649-472: Was the son of Hugh, Earl of Sutherland who was nicknamed Hugh Freskin , who was in turn son of Robert Sutherland (Earl of Sutherland and founder of Dunrobin Castle), who was son of Walter Southerland (Earl of Sutherland), who was son of Alane Southerland, Thane of Sutherland. Although the original line of earls had the surname "de Moravia" in the direct male line, historian Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet , who

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