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Hill End

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34-509: Hill End may refer to: Australia [ edit ] Hill End, New South Wales Hill End, Queensland , a suburb of Brisbane Hill End, Victoria United Kingdom [ edit ] Hill End, County Durham , England Hill End, Fife , a location in the United Kingdom Hill End, Gloucestershire , a location in the United Kingdom Hill End, Hertfordshire ,

68-459: A location in the United Kingdom Hill End, London , a hamlet near Harefield, Hillingdon Hill End, North Yorkshire , a location in the United Kingdom Hill End, Somerset , a location in the United Kingdom Hill End, Worcestershire , a location in the United Kingdom Hill End railway station , Hertfordshire, on the defunct Hatfield and St Albans Railway See also [ edit ] Hillend (disambiguation) Hills End ,

102-571: A classic in Australian children's literature [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hill_End&oldid=1206262189 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

136-472: A few kilometres from the town on the Bathurst Road. NPWS has installed signs around the town to give visitors an idea of what was once in place on the now empty lots of land. Currently only a handful of buildings remain in their original form. However, most of those buildings still serve the purpose they did back during the gold rush. Access to the town's lookouts is via gravel roads. A walking track in

170-442: A gold field and seeking out diggers who had not paid their fees. The offending diggers would be removed and taken before a Magistrate fined £5 for the first offence and double for each subsequent offence. Another aspect of discontent had a racial tone. Leading up to 1861 the population of Lambing Flat, now known as Young , grew to 20000. Of that number 2000 were recent Chinese immigrants and this created significant tension leading to

204-467: A historical site by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). However, it is still home to a handful of residents operating the local pub, general store, cake store and antique store. The NPWS runs a museum just off the main road which contains many original photos and items of equipment from the busy days of the gold rush. A more extensive museum, the privately owned History Hill, is located

238-606: A rapid growth in the population and significant boost to the economy of the colony of New South Wales. The California Gold Rush three years prior signaled the impacts on society that gold fever would produce, both positive and negative. The New South Wales colonial government concealed the early discoveries, but various factors changed the policy. Gold was first officially discovered in Australia on 15 February 1823, by assistant surveyor James McBrien, at Fish River , between Rydal and Bathurst his field survey book "At E. (End of

272-625: A riot in 1861. The official Riot Act was read to the miners on 14 July 1861. After a decline in production of gold in New South Wales throughout the mid-20th century a resurgence in gold production began in the 1980s due to improved techniques for exploration and mining and the high price of gold. The Cadia-Ridgeway Mine in the Central Tablelands includes Australia's largest underground mining operation. Another large scale open cut gold mine, Barrick Gold 's Lake Cowal Mine,

306-692: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hill End, New South Wales Hill End is a former gold mining town in New South Wales , Australia. The town is located in the Bathurst Regional Council local Government area. What is now Hill End was originally a part of the Tambaroora area; in the 1850s the Hill End area was known as Bald Hills, and Tambaroora town

340-614: The New South Wales gold rush of the 1850s, and at its peak in the early 1870s it had a population estimated at 8,000 served by two newspapers, five banks, eight churches and twenty-eight pubs. On 19 October 1872, Hill End became famous for Bernhardt Holtermann 's finding of the 'Beyers-Holtermann Specimen', this being the world's largest specimen of native gold ever discovered, a record that still stands today. Its single mass of quartz reef and gold weighed 630 lbs and, when crushed, produced an estimated 3,000 troy oz (205 lbs or 93 kg) of gold. Thus processed, it held more gold than

374-406: The 1930s. Their goal is to provide information on the life, the families and events of a bygone era and to connect their worldwide community of descendants who have an affiliation to the district. Their website contains transcriptions of many primary records, listing names of the early miners and pioneers, that may not appear in the more mainstream family history resources. Hill End is classified as

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408-726: The Californian fields. In February 1851, Hargraves and his guide, John Lister, set out on horseback with a pan and rocking-cradle, to Lewis Ponds Creek, a tributary of the Macquarie River close to Bathurst. On 12 February 1851, they found gold at a place called Ophir named by William Tom's father after a region in the Old Testament noted for its fine gold. Hargraves said that "once in the creek bed he somehow felt surrounded by gold".... Whilst Hargraves called Lister his "guide", there has been controversy as to whether it

442-605: The English geologist William Smith - near Ophir in 1848 was also kept quiet until the government was ready to exploit the resource. William Tipple Smith was one of the owners of the Fitzroy Iron Works at Mittagong and, during a visit to it in late January 1849, Governor Charles Augustus FitzRoy was presented with a steel knife "mounted with colonial gold". The Californian goldrush started in 1848 and immediately people began to leave Australia for California. To stem

476-477: The Mudgee Road. The Royal Hotel and the local "bed and breakfasts" offer accommodation and there are a number of camping options within the town limits. The Bridle Track runs from Duramana (north of Bathurst ) directly to the town centre of Hill End. Generally the track can be classified as an easy 4WD track. The Bridle Track begins as a narrow tar-covered road; however, it later changes to dirt. Much of

510-481: The New South Wales government, as well as a life pension and a £5,000 reward from the Victorian government. Due to a dispute with his partners, some of the reward was withheld. The find was proclaimed on 14 May 1851 and within days the first Australian gold rush began with 100 diggers searching for their gold. By June there were over 2,000 people digging around Bathurst, and thousands more were on their way. In 1852,

544-491: The colonial government to avoid a likely dislocation of the relatively small community. It was feared that convicts and free settlers would leave their assigned work locations to rush to the new find to seek their fortunes, in particular damaging the new pastoral industry. Reportedly Governor George Gipps said to Clarke when he exhibited his gold; "Put it away, Mr Clarke, or we shall all have our throats cut." Recent evidence shows another find by William Tipple Smith - son of

578-505: The diggers grew as the government imposed restrictions and fees on mining. A monthly fee of 30 shillings was difficult to pay when the size of the claim per miner allowed only 13½ surface square metres. At the Turon fields near Bathurst the diggers were threatening to riot if fees were not reduced. Governor Fitzroy agreed and cut the fee by two-thirds but refused to change the collection method, known as "digger hunts". This involved police raiding

612-546: The discovery at Ophir, particularly in the area around Braidwood , which also experienced a rush of gold-seekers. Largely due to the gold receipts into the colonial government treasury bringing immense wealth to the colony of New South Wales, the British Government, in 1854, authorised the establishment of the Sydney Mint . This was the first Royal Mint to be established outside England. Ten years after

646-567: The exodus the New South Wales colonial government decided to alter its position and encourage the search for payable gold. In 1849 the colonial government sought approval of the Colonial Office in England to allow the exploitation of the mineral resources of New South Wales. A geologist was requested and this led to the appointment of Samuel Stutchbury . A reward was offered for the first person to find payable gold. The discovery of gold

680-433: The last 20 kilometres (12 mi) is single lane. The National Parks and Wildlife Service provides several camping sites. [REDACTED] Media related to Hill End, New South Wales at Wikimedia Commons New South Wales gold rush New South Wales experienced the first gold rush in Australia , a period generally accepted to lie between 1851 and 1880. This period in the history of New South Wales resulted in

714-493: The late 1940s Hill End was discovered by artists Russell Drysdale , who painted possibly his best-known work, The cricketers there, and Donald Friend , and it quickly became an artists' colony. Other artists who worked there included Jean Bellette . Today, the Hill End artist-in-residence program aims to ensure the continuity of this connection. Hill End has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: The Hill End & Tambaroora Gathering Group has been in existence since

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748-652: The mail stagecoach to Bathurst. After delays due to lack of materials a telephone line was installed into Hill End in 1914; after 60 years of Morse code telegraph messages Hill End could now speak to adjacent towns and even Sydney if necessary. In 1923 a telephone exchange was installed at the Hill End Post Office; before this calls could only be made from the Post Office to other towns. The exchange allowed new telephones installed in businesses and private homes to connect locally and to other towns. In

782-486: The non-direct mining industry became in very short supply. As an example, the major service town of Bathurst was practically abandoned of able-bodied men for general commerce during the Ophir rush. Rushes of prospectors were experienced in the following localities: Gold mining continued at many locations within New South Wales, during the second half of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. Discontent among

816-422: The specimen was shipped out for crushing. It is reported that a larger mass was discovered a few days later in the same mine but was broken up underground. The town's decline when the gold eventually gave out was dramatic: by 1945 the population was 700. At the 2006 census , Hill End had a population of 166, which dropped to 80 people during the year 2017. The photographer Beaufoy Merlin recorded daily life in

850-528: The start of the gold rush in 1851 the population of New South Wales had grown from 200,000 to 357,000 people, an increase of 78%. A very productive gold field surrounded the area of Hill End . This was the location of the world's largest piece of gold-bearing material, a specimen of slate and gold weighing 235 kilograms, containing 85 kg (2,720 troy oz), known as Holtermann's Nugget , found by Bernhardt Holtermann in 1872. The New South Wales gold rush caused major social and economic problems. Alcohol abuse

884-534: The survey line) 1 chain 50 links to river and marked a gum tree. At this place I found numerous particles of gold convenient to river". Then in 1839, Paweł Edmund Strzelecki geologist and explorer, discovered small amounts of gold in silicate at the Vale of Clwyd near Hartley , and in 1841 Reverend W. B. Clarke found gold on the Coxs River , both locations on the road to Bathurst. The finds were suppressed by

918-690: The town at its peak; his photographs can be found in the town museum/visitor information centre. The glass plate negatives are held in the State Library of New South Wales . In October 1862 the Telegraph line reached Hill End (Tambaroora) from Bathurst via Sofala , the Telegraph Office opened for telegraph messages bringing the remote town into instant contact with the rest of the Colony. Prior to this event communications took 12 hours by

952-404: The town leads to a mine and other ruins. The most popular tourist activity in Hill End is gold panning with some of the older members of the community running gold panning tours in the same fossicking areas that yielded the gold which brought on the gold rush. Metal detectors or gold panning are not allowed within the historic site; however, there is a fossicking area just past the cemetery off

986-594: The weight of the largest gold nugget ever found, that being the Welcome Stranger from the Victorian Goldfields. Holtermann, recognizing the significance of the find, attempted to preserve it whole by offering to buy it for £1,000 above the estimated market value from the Star of Hope Goldmining Company of which he and Hugo Louis Beyers were founding directors. His efforts were in vain however, and

1020-439: The yield was 850,000 ounces (24½ tonnes). The Great Western Road to Bathurst became choked with men from all walks of life, with all they could carry to live and mine. The newspaper Bathurst Free Press reported on 17 May 1851: "A complete mental madness appears to have seized almost every member of the community. There has been a universal rush to the diggings." Gold was found in other parts of New South Wales, very soon after

1054-597: Was John Lister and William Tom or Edward Hargraves who discovered the gold, with the Legislative Assembly select committee in 1890 determining in favour of Lister and Tom. Initially keeping the find secret, Hargraves travelled to Sydney and met the Colonial Secretary in March. Soon the claim was recognised and Hargraves was appointed the "Commissioner of Lands". He received a £10,000 reward from

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1088-405: Was a common problem among the miners, who used the cheaply made spirits to mask the difficult living and working conditions. At one point the government attempted some order of control by banning the sale of alcohol on the diggings. This attempt was unsuccessful. Supplies of food and hardware were in short supply and this raised the price to unrealistic levels. Workers able to operate businesses in

1122-408: Was a few kilometres to the north. In 1860 a village was proclaimed, first as Forbes and then in 1862 it was renamed Hill End. Tambaroora had been the larger centre; in 1865, it had seven public houses to Hill End's two. Following the discovery of rich gold reefs at Hawkins Hill (Hill End), in the early 1870s, Hill End overtook Tambaroora as the main town in the area. Hill End owes its existence to

1156-611: Was the discovery that changed a nation. Twenty-eight years after the Fish River discovery, a man named Edward Hargraves discovered a 'grain of gold' in a billabong near Bathurst in 1851. Hargraves returned to New South Wales from the Californian goldfields where he was unsuccessful. Hargraves decided to begin searching for gold in the state of New South Wales. The geological features of the country around Bathurst, with its quartz outcrops and gullies, seemed similar to those of

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