81-453: Hut Point Peninsula ( 77°47′S 166°51′E / 77.783°S 166.850°E / -77.783; 166.850 ) is a long, narrow peninsula from 2 to 3 nautical miles (3.7 to 5.6 km; 2.3 to 3.5 mi) wide and 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long, projecting south-west from the slopes of Mount Erebus on Ross Island , Antarctica. McMurdo Station (US) and Scott Base (NZ) are Antarctic research stations located on
162-643: A U.S. Antarctic Project (USAP) sea ice specialist who worked in McMurdo Sod and diverse parts of the Southern Ocean for more than 25 years, dating from the 1976-77 austral season. Features in the center of the peninsula, from north to south, include 77°48′S 166°40′E / 77.800°S 166.667°E / -77.800; 166.667 . A rounded coastal point on the west side of Hut Point Peninsula. The feature lies 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) west of Castle Rock. The name
243-468: A US Navy ship. Along with other Navy icebreakers, Glacier was transferred to the US Coast Guard fleet, June 1966, from which she operated until decommissioned, June 1987. 77°29′S 167°06′E / 77.483°S 167.100°E / -77.483; 167.100 . A glacier on the west side of Fang Ridge, separating the old and new craters of Mount Erebus. Charted by Frank Debenham of
324-646: A child. She grew up in the Nelson area of the South Island of New Zealand. Although she wanted to study physics and chemistry in college she was discouraged from doing so because she was a woman. However despite starting an arts degree at Canterbury University , she ultimately completed a physics degree. Rodgers worked as a science technician in the geophysics division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research . She became an equipment expert for
405-671: A line from Cape Royds to the crater of Mount Erebus. The cone itself is about 100 metres (330 ft) high high and is surrounded by a deep moat or ditch, caused by the sweeping action of strong winds. It was named by F. Debenham on the second ascent of Mount Erebus for F.J. Hooper, a steward of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Hooper was one of the party making the second ascent. 77°32′26″S 166°51′02″E / 77.540504°S 166.850438°E / -77.540504; 166.850438 Two rock summits at about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) high on
486-604: A member of the expedition. 77°27′14″S 166°48′57″E / 77.454003°S 166.815833°E / -77.454003; 166.815833 . Two rock summits rising to over 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) high on the northwest slope of Mount Erebus . The feature is 1.2 nautical miles (2.2 km; 1.4 mi) west-northwest of Abbott Peak. At the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after Sarah Krall who worked over 10 years in providing support to science in Antarctica. She
567-558: A number of rock formations. Features around the summit of the mountain include: 77°30′12″S 167°07′01″E / 77.503455°S 167.116913°E / -77.503455; 167.116913 . Prominent cliffs at about 3,525 metres (11,565 ft) high on the north rim of the summit caldera of Mount Erebus. The name derives from a nearby United States Coast Guard (USCG) HH-52A helicopter (CG 1404) which lost power and crashed while enroute from McMurdo Station to Cape Bird, Jan. 9, 1971. The four crew and passengers were not injured, but
648-519: A plane table survey of the peninsula in 1912. 77°50′26″S 166°41′10″E / 77.840604°S 166.686128°E / -77.840604; 166.686128 . A crater with twin nested cones that rises behind McMurdo Station and 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) west of Crater Hill. This crater was named Middle Crater by Frank Debenham of the British Antarctic Expedition (British Antarctic Expedition), 1910-13, apparently for its location in relation to First Crater and Crater Hill, but
729-524: A rock outcrop 0.2 nautical miles (0.37 km; 0.23 mi) west of Twin Crater/Middle Crater. The name has been used in reports and maps since at least 1971. 77°51′S 166°37′E / 77.850°S 166.617°E / -77.850; 166.617 . A small bay immediately east of Hut Point, at the south end of Ross Island. Discovered by the BrNAE, 1901-04, and so named because
810-662: A summit plateau representing a caldera . The summit caldera was created by an explosive VEI -6 eruption that occurred 18,000 ± 7,000 years ago. It is filled with small volume tephritic phonolite and phonolite lava flows. In the center of the summit caldera is a small, steep-sided cone composed primarily of decomposed lava bombs and a large deposit of anorthoclase crystals known as Erebus crystals . The active lava lake in this summit cone undergoes continuous degassing. Microscopic gold particles have been found up to 1000 kilometers from Mount Erebus, ranging in size up to 60 micrometres. A 1991 paper shows that these particles condense from
891-416: A talus of large anorthoclase feldspar crystals. 77°31′16″S 167°08′49″E / 77.521068°S 167.146857°E / -77.521068; 167.146857 A prominent outcropping of jumbled rocks, 3,633 metres (11,919 ft) high, formed as a lava flow on the northwest upper slope of the active cone of Mount Erebus. The feature is near a camp site used mainly in the 1970s by teams working at
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#1732801630641972-646: Is 0.3 nautical miles (0.56 km; 0.35 mi) long, located 0.8 nautical miles (1.5 km; 0.92 mi) north-northwest of Ford Rock in central Hut Point Peninsula. The name is allusive; snow that cuts across parts of the nunatak gives it a segmented appearance resembling that of a centipede. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN), 2000. 77°46′04″S 166°47′02″E / 77.767734°S 166.783895°E / -77.767734; 166.783895 . A point 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) northeast of Knob Point on
1053-534: Is exposed on the point which is well defined and elevated at the juncture with McMurdo Ice Shelf. The name is allusive; when viewed from the west, the appearance of the point is suggestive of the head, neck, and fore part of an Arctic polar bear. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN), 2000. Features in the south of the peninsula, from west to east, include 77°50′17″S 166°39′49″E / 77.838187°S 166.663478°E / -77.838187; 166.663478 . A descriptive name for
1134-610: Is notable for its numerous ice fumaroles – ice towers that form around gases that escape from vents in the surface. The ice caves associated with the fumaroles are dark, in polar alpine environments starved in organics and with oxygenated hydrothermal circulation in highly reducing host rock. The life is sparse, mainly bacteria and fungi. This makes it of special interest for studying oligotrophs – organisms that can survive on minimal amounts of resources. The caves on Erebus are of special interest for astrobiology, as most surface caves are influenced by human activities, or by organics from
1215-514: Is scientifically remarkable in that its relatively low-level and unusually persistent eruptive activity enables long-term volcanological study of a Strombolian eruptive system very close (hundreds of metres) to the active vents, a characteristic shared with only a few volcanoes on Earth, such as Stromboli in Italy. Scientific study of the volcano is also facilitated by its proximity to McMurdo Station (U.S.) and Scott Base (New Zealand), both sited on
1296-418: Is the site of a slump which has occurred off the crater rim. It is also a former camp site used by summit parties. A small hut is located on the upper part of the slope. 77°31′37″S 167°08′45″E / 77.52682°S 167.145742°E / -77.52682; 167.145742 . A gully at about 3,675 metres (12,057 ft) high on the northwest side of the summit crater of Mount Erebus. The feature
1377-453: Is the world's southernmost active volcano. It is the current eruptive centre of the Erebus hotspot . The summit contains a persistent convecting phonolitic lava lake, one of five long-lasting lava lakes on Earth. Characteristic eruptive activity consists of Strombolian eruptions from the lava lake or from one of several subsidiary vents, all within the volcano's inner crater. The volcano
1458-502: The British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 (BrAE), who made a plane table survey of the peninsula in 1912. 77°49′S 166°39′E / 77.817°S 166.650°E / -77.817; 166.650 . Clifflike heights which extend in a NE--southwest direction along the west side of Hut Point Peninsula, just north of Hut Point. Discovered and named by the BrNAE, 1901-04, under Scott. The name suggests
1539-674: The Marsden Fund granted nearly NZ$ 1 million to the University of Waikato and the University of Canterbury to study the micro-organisms in the geothermal fumaroles. Mount Erebus was discovered on 27 January 1841 (and observed to be in eruption), by polar explorer Sir James Clark Ross on his Antarctic expedition , who named it and its companion, Mount Terror , after his ships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror (which were later used and lost by Sir John Franklin on his disastrous Arctic expedition ). Present with Ross on HMS Erebus
1620-547: The Ross Dependency in Antarctica . With a summit elevation of 3,792 metres (12,441 ft), it is the second most prominent mountain in Antarctica (after Mount Vinson ) and the second-highest volcano in Antarctica (after the dormant Mount Sidley ). It is the highest point on Ross Island, which is also home to three inactive volcanoes: Mount Terror , Mount Bird , and Mount Terra Nova . It makes Ross Island
1701-495: The South Pole , accomplished a solo ascent in about 17 hours completely unsupported, by snow mobile and on foot. In 1992, the inside of the volcano was explored by Dante I , an eight legged tethered robotic explorer. Dante was designed to acquire gas samples from the magma lake inside the inner crater of Mount Erebus to understand the chemistry better through the use of the on-board gas chromatograph , as well as measuring
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#17328016306411782-492: The sixth-highest island on Earth. The mountain was named by Captain James Clark Ross in 1841 for his ship, HMS Erebus . The volcano has been active for around 1.3 million years and has a long-lived lava lake in its inner summit crater that has been present since at least the early 1970s. On 28 November, 1979, Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashed on Mount Erebus, killing all 257 people on board. Mount Erebus
1863-527: The BrAE, 1910–13, and named by him in association with Fang Ridge. Thelma Rodgers Thelma Ann Rodgers ( née Bishton ; 1 December 1947 – 12 October 2021) was a New Zealand Antarctic science technician and architect. She was the first woman to spend a winter at Scott Base , New Zealand's scientific base in Antarctica . Rodgers was born in Swansea , and moved to New Zealand with her family as
1944-724: The British Antarctic Expedition under Scott, 1910-13. Cone Hill has been approved for Scott's "Cone Hill I," but a new name suggested by A.J. Heine has been substituted for this prominent rock. M.R.J. Ford, New Zealand surveyor, established a survey beacon network for the McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, 1962-63. A survey beacon was established earlier on this rock by a United States Hydrographic Office survey team, 1955-56. 77°47′S 166°51′E / 77.783°S 166.850°E / -77.783; 166.850 . A hill 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northeast of Castle Rock. The descriptive name "Cone Hill I"
2025-1186: The British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. 77°49′S 166°40′E / 77.817°S 166.667°E / -77.817; 166.667 . A crater on Arrival Heights, situated 0.6 nautical miles (1.1 km; 0.69 mi) northeast of First Crater. Named by F. Debenham in 1912 on his local survey of Hut Point Peninsula during the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. 77°48′19″S 166°50′30″E / 77.805347°S 166.841572°E / -77.805347; 166.841572 . A distinctive breached crater rising to 200 metres (660 ft) high about 0.8 nautical miles (1.5 km; 0.92 mi) east of Castle Rock. Named in 2000 by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) after Deirdre Jeanette Sheppard, DSIR Antarctic Division/NZAP/Antarctica NZ librarian, 1980-96, who worked one season at Vanda Station. 77°48′28″S 166°44′50″E / 77.807744°S 166.747093°E / -77.807744; 166.747093 . A crater 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) southwest of Castle Rock. Descriptively named for its shape by Frank Debenham of British Antarctic Expedition (British Antarctic Expedition), 1910-13, who made
2106-472: The Erebus summit. So named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in the millennium year 2000. 77°29′17″S 167°28′39″E / 77.488132°S 167.477419°E / -77.488132; 167.477419 . A peak rising to about 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) high on the northeast slope of Mount Erebus, 3.6 nautical miles (6.7 km; 4.1 mi) east of the summit of Fang Ridge. Named by
2187-617: The Geomagnetic Division in Christchurch and instructed the technicians heading to Scott Base on the operation of the geophysical equipment. She completed summer service at the base in 1976–77. In 1978, she applied to the Antarctic Division to operate the equipment at Scott Base herself over the winter, and in 1979 she became the first woman to winter-over at the base. Just a decade earlier men believed
2268-523: The Hut Point Peninsula. The British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–04) under Robert Falcon Scott built its Discovery Hut on Hut Point , at the southern headland of the peninsula. Members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 (BAE), under Scott, wintering on Cape Evans and often using the hut during their journeys, came to refer to the whole peninsula as the Hut Point Peninsula. Several features on Hut Point, including
2349-493: The New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, known as New Mexico Tech. From 1981, many Tech students under the direction of Philip R. Kyle, have undertaken graduate research projects (thesis and dissertation) on Mount Erebus. 77°34′S 166°58′E / 77.567°S 166.967°E / -77.567; 166.967 . Three aligned cones at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high on
2430-668: The New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2000) after Father Coleman, a New Zealand chaplain, who traveled to Antarctica many times with the United States Antarctic Program. 77°26′51″S 167°33′41″E / 77.447407°S 167.561469°E / -77.447407; 167.561469 . A peak about 890 metres (2,920 ft) high, located 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) west of Terra Nova Glacier and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) south of Lewis Bay on
2511-751: The camp sites they used have been recognised for their historic significance: They have been designated historic sites or monuments following a proposal by the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and the United States to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting . Mount Erebus' summit crater rim was first achieved by members of Sir Ernest Shackleton 's party; Professor Edgeworth David , Sir Douglas Mawson , Dr Alister Mackay , Alex Lagasse, Jameson Adams , Dr Eric Marshall and Phillip Brocklehurst (who did not reach
Hut Point Peninsula - Misplaced Pages Continue
2592-406: The caves has 80 to 100% humidity, and up to 3% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and some carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ), but almost no methane (CH 4 ) or hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). Many of them are completely dark, so cannot support photosynthesis. Organics can only come from the atmosphere, or from ice algae that grow on the surface in summer, which may eventually find their way into
2673-436: The caves through burial and melting. As a result, most micro-organisms there are chemolithoautotrophic i.e. microbes that get all of their energy from chemical reactions with the rocks, and that do not depend on any other lifeforms to survive. The organisms survive using CO 2 fixation and some may use CO oxidization for the metabolism. The main types of microbe found there are Chloroflexota and Acidobacteriota . In 2019,
2754-516: The central ridge of Hut Point Peninsula. Discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (BrNAE) (1901-04) under Scott, who so named it because of its shape. 77°48′26″S 166°42′36″E / 77.807266°S 166.710021°E / -77.807266; 166.710021 . A descriptive name for cones 0.9 nautical miles (1.7 km; 1.0 mi) southwest of Castle Rock. Named by Frank Debenham of
2835-437: The collision ruled out the "flying in a cloud" theory, showing perfectly clear visibility well beneath the cloud base, with landmarks visible 13 miles (21 km) to the left and 10 miles (16 km) to the right of the aircraft. The mountain directly ahead was lit by sunlight shining from directly behind the aircraft through the cloud deck above, resulting in a lack of shadows that made Mount Erebus effectively invisible against
2916-547: The crater within the floor of Main Crater, at the summit of Mount Erebus. Inner Crater contains an active anorthoclase-phonolite lava lake. The name derives from the fact that the crater is within the Main Crater of Mount Erebus. 77°31′47″S 167°08′36″E / 77.529609°S 167.14334°E / -77.529609; 167.14334 A nearly circular crater, about 3,700 metres (12,100 ft) high, situated at
2997-570: The cross memorial for George Vince and the store hut for the Scott expeditions, are protected under the Antarctic Treaty . Both the cross (HSM 19) and the hut (HSM 18) have been designated Historic Sites or Monuments , following proposals by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting . The point is protected as Antarctic Specially Protected Area No.158 largely because of its historic significance as one of
3078-441: The early 1970's. It is named after James W. Starr, steelworker, United States Navy, who was closely associated with the development of the lake as a source of station water. 77°50′S 166°43′E / 77.833°S 166.717°E / -77.833; 166.717 . A hill, 300 metres (980 ft) high, marked by a volcanic crater at its summit, about 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) north of Observation Hill in
3159-437: The expedition ship Discovery was moored in the bay and "frozen-in" during the winter seasons of 1902 and 1903. 77°51′S 166°38′E / 77.850°S 166.633°E / -77.850; 166.633 . A small point lying 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northwest of Cape Armitage, at the south end of Hut Point Peninsula. Discovered and named by the BrNAE (1901-04) under Scott, who established their hut on
3240-427: The expedition's arrival at its winter headquarters at nearby Hut Point. 77°49′S 166°40′E / 77.817°S 166.667°E / -77.817; 166.667 . An ice slope just south of Knob Point. The initial slope is very steep and it terminates west in a sheer drop to Erebus Bay. So named by BrNAE (1901-04) because Seaman Vince of BrNAE lost his life here in a blizzard when he slipped and fell into
3321-610: The flanks of Mount Erebus continually reveals debris from the crash that is visible from the air. 77°31′43″S 167°09′35″E / 77.528689°S 167.159805°E / -77.528689; 167.159805 . The topographic feature that rises to about 3,750 metres (12,300 ft) high and forms the primary summit crater of Mount Erebus. Inner Crater, which lies within Main Crater, contains an anorthoclase-phonolite lava lake. 77°31′37″S 167°09′55″E / 77.527048°S 167.16524°E / -77.527048; 167.16524 . The topographic feature that embraces
Hut Point Peninsula - Misplaced Pages Continue
3402-527: The helicopter was abandoned because of its location. 77°31′54″S 167°04′47″E / 77.531538°S 167.079644°E / -77.531538; 167.079644 Steep bluff at about 3,470 metres (11,380 ft) high on the southwest rim of the summit caldera of Mount Erebus. So named after a seismic station nearby. 77°31′58″S 167°06′46″E / 77.532647°S 167.112645°E / -77.532647; 167.112645 . A ridge at about 3,540 metres (11,610 ft) high that descends
3483-483: The highest point of Fang Ridge. Descriptively named by Frank Debenham of British Antarctic Expedition (British Antarctic Expedition), 1910-13, who made a plane table survey of the vicinity in 1912. 77°30′24″S 167°22′54″E / 77.506569°S 167.381754°E / -77.506569; 167.381754 . A peak rising to about 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high on the northeast slope of Mount Erebus, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east-northeast of
3564-532: The ice at McMurdo Sound in January 1956. 77°36′49″S 166°46′02″E / 77.613497°S 166.767316°E / -77.613497; 166.767316 . A narrow broken ridge 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) south of Williams Cliff on Ross Island. The feature rises to about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) high and marks a declivity along the north flank of broad Turks Head Ridge, from which ice moves to Pukaru Icefalls. Named by US-ACAN (2000) after
3645-479: The ice-covered southwest slopes of Mount Erebus, situated 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) east of Cape Barne . This rock cliff was mapped by the British Antarctic Expedition under Scott, 1910-13, and identified simply as "Bold Cliff on maps resulting from that expedition. It was named Williams Cliff by the US-ACAN in 1964 to commemorate Richard T. Williams, who losi: his life when his tractor broke through
3726-611: The low broad platform shield of Erebus. Slightly younger basanite and phonotephrite lavas crop out on Fang Ridge – an eroded remnant of an early Erebus volcano – and at other isolated locations on the flanks of Erebus. Erebus is the world's only presently erupting phonolite volcano. Lava flows of more viscous phonotephrite and trachyte erupted after the basanite. The upper slopes of Mount Erebus are dominated by steeply dipping (about 30°) tephritic phonolite lava flows with large-scale flow levees. A conspicuous break in slope around 3,200 m ASL calls attention to
3807-445: The lower northeast slope of Mount Erebus. On November 28, 1979, an Air New Zealand McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft on a scenic flight from Auckland crashed near this peak claiming the lives of 237 passengers from eight countries and a crew of 20. In 1987, a stainless steel memorial cross was erected west of the peak. Te Puna Roimata Peak (meaning spring of tears) was named by the New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) in 2000. Features of
3888-457: The name has fallen into disuse. Twin Crater, alluding to the nested cones in the crater, was applied as early as 1971 and the name has become established because of consistent use in current maps and reports. Download coordinates as: Features in the north of the peninsula, from north to south, include 77°44′50″S 166°53′32″E / 77.747205°S 166.892322°E / -77.747205; 166.892322 . A narrow nunatak that
3969-475: The northeast slope of Mount Erebus. It is a much denuded portion of the original caldera rim left by a catastrophic eruption. So named, probably for its curved shape, by Frank Debenham of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13, who made a plane table survey in 1912. 77°29′09″S 167°12′13″E / 77.485943°S 167.203614°E / -77.485943; 167.203614 . A distinctive toothlike peak, 3,159 metres (10,364 ft) high, which forms
4050-649: The northwest slope of Mount Erebus. The feature is 1.2 nautical miles (2.2 km; 1.4 mi) south-southwest of Abbott Peak. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2000) after Sergeant L.W. (Wally) Tarr, Royal New Zealand Air Force, aircraft mechanic with the New Zealand contingent of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE), 1956-58. 77°29′S 167°12′E / 77.483°S 167.200°E / -77.483; 167.200 . A conspicuous ridge on
4131-461: The overcast sky beyond in a classic whiteout (more accurately, "flat-light") phenomenon. Further investigation of the crash showed a navigational error in flight documentation by Air New Zealand and a cover-up that resulted in about $ 100 million in lawsuits. Air New Zealand discontinued its flyovers of Antarctica. Its final flight was on February 17, 1980. During the Antarctic summer, snow melt on
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#17328016306414212-457: The point. 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 . Conical hill, 230 metres (750 ft) high, surmounting Cape Armitage at the south end of Hut Point Peninsula. Discovered by the BrNAE, 1901-04, under Scott, and so named because it forms an excellent lookout station. 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 . Cape forming
4293-738: The principal sites of early human activity in Antarctica. Hut Point Peninsula consists of a series of basaltic scoria cones , craters and domes that were formed in the last 1.34 million years. Other features around the Hut Point Peninsula include Sultans Head Rock, Descent Cliff, Hutton Cliffs, Turtle Rock, Knob Point, Danger Slopes, Arrival Heights, Crater Hill, Hut Point, Cape Armitage, Observation Hill, The Gap and Pram Point. 77°50′S 166°39′E / 77.833°S 166.650°E / -77.833; 166.650 . A crater on Arrival Heights, located 0.75 nautical miles (1.39 km; 0.86 mi) north of Hut Point. Named by Debenham in 1912 on his local survey of Hut Point Peninsula during
4374-417: The refracted and scattered seismic waves, the scientists produced an image of the uppermost (top few km) of the volcano to understand the geometry of its "plumbing" and how the magma rises to the lava lake. These results demonstrated a complex upper-volcano conduit system with appreciable upper-volcano magma storage to the northwest of the lava lake at depths hundreds of meters below the surface. Mount Erebus
4455-483: The same island around 35 km away. Mount Erebus is classified as a polygenetic stratovolcano . The bottom half of the volcano is a shield and the top half is a stratocone. The composition of the current eruptive products of Erebus are anorthoclase - porphyritic tephritic phonolite and phonolite , which are the bulk of exposed lava flow on the volcano. The oldest eruptive products consist of relatively undifferentiated and nonviscous basanite lavas that form
4536-481: The sea. 77°50′S 166°40′E / 77.833°S 166.667°E / -77.833; 166.667 . A small meltwater lake which is a source of water for McMurdo Station. The lake is situated in the area of constant snow cover on Hut Point Peninsula, approximately 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) north of the station and midway between First Crater and Crater Hill. The name Starr Lake came into general use at McMurdo Station for this feature in
4617-496: The south end of Hut Point Peninsula and the southernmost point of Ross Island. Discovered by the BrNAE, 1901-04, under Scott, and named by him for Lieutenant (later Captain) Albert B. Armitage, second in command and navigator on the Discovery. 77°51′S 166°41′E / 77.850°S 166.683°E / -77.850; 166.683 . A cluster of low rock summits 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) north of
4698-404: The south end of the peninsula via this low level passage. 77°51′S 166°45′E / 77.850°S 166.750°E / -77.850; 166.750 . Low rounded point on the southeast side of Hut Point Peninsula, about 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) northeast of Cape Armitage. Discovered by the BrNAE, under Scott, 1901-04, who so named it because it is necessary during
4779-455: The south part of Hut Point Peninsula. Discovered and named by the BrNAE under Scott, 1901-04. 77°48′59″S 166°51′06″E / 77.816287°S 166.851715°E / -77.816287; 166.851715 . An ice-covered point 1.2 nautical miles (2.2 km; 1.4 mi) southeast of Castle Rock on the east side of Hut Point Peninsula. A breached crater stands 0.7 nautical miles (1.3 km; 0.81 mi) north-northwest, but no rock
4860-693: The south part of Turks Head Ridge. The bluff is 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) north-northeast of Turks Head. At the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, named by US-ACAN (2000) after Grazyna Zreda-Gostynska, who worked on Mount Erebus in 1989-90 as a member of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology team. A Ph.D. student at NMIMT, she completed her doctoral dissertation on the gas emissions from Mount Erebus. 77°35′38″S 167°16′35″E / 77.593989°S 167.276256°E / -77.593989; 167.276256 . A broad north–south ridge, 4.5 nautical miles (8.3 km; 5.2 mi) long and 0.8 nautical miles (1.5 km; 0.92 mi) wide, on
4941-564: The south slopes of Mount Erebus. Completely ice covered, the ridge descends from about 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high to 600 metres (2,000 ft) high, terminating 2.1 nautical miles (3.9 km; 2.4 mi) northwest of Tyree Head . In association with the names of expedition ships grouped on this island, named after United States Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Glacier , an icebreaker which for three decades, 1955-56 to 1986-87, supported scientific activity in Antarctica and Ross Sea on virtually an annual basis. From 1955-56, Glacier operated as
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#17328016306415022-691: The southeast margin of Turks Head Ridge. The bluff is 1.1 nautical miles (2.0 km; 1.3 mi) east-northeast of Grazyna Bluff. At the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, named by US-ACAN (2000) after Richard Esser, a member of New Mexico Tech field parties on Mount Erebus in the 1993-94 and 1994-95 seasons; later a technician in the New Mexico Geochronology Lab at NM Tech, where he has dated many rocks from Antarctica. 77°38′34″S 166°49′24″E / 77.642825°S 166.823222°E / -77.642825; 166.823222 . A rock bluff rising to about 600 metres (2,000 ft) high in
5103-406: The southern slopes of the mountain include: 77°32′S 166°53′E / 77.533°S 166.883°E / -77.533; 166.883 . An independent cone at an elevation of 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high on the west slopes of Mount Erebus. From McMurdo Sound it appears as a perfect pyramid of black rock, standing out as a splendid mark against the background of the ice and almost on
5184-410: The southwest slope of the summit crater of Mount Erebus. So named because the ridge is defined by a series of fumarolic ice towers. 77°31′42″S 167°08′47″E / 77.528236°S 167.146427°E / -77.528236; 167.146427 . A concave slope, about 3,650 metres (11,980 ft) high, just south of Crystal Slope on the west side of the summit cone of Mount Erebus. The feature
5265-634: The southwest slopes of Mount Erebu. Named by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13, under Scott. 77°38′S 166°49′E / 77.633°S 166.817°E / -77.633; 166.817 . A mostly ice-covered ridge extending from Turks Head for a few miles up the slopes of Mount Erebus. Mapped by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13, under Scott and so named because of its association with Turks Head. 77°38′20″S 166°54′28″E / 77.638772°S 166.90775°E / -77.638772; 166.90775 . A rock bluff rising to about 600 metres (2,000 ft) high on
5346-594: The summer months to use a pram in the open water adjacent to the point when traveling between the south end of Hut Point Peninsula and the Ross Ice Shelf. [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey . Mount Erebus Mount Erebus ( / ˈ ɛr ɪ b ə s / ) is the southernmost active volcano on Earth, located on Ross Island in
5427-496: The summit of Mount Erebus on the southwest crater rim. Named for its location on the side of the main summit cone of Mount Erebus. 77°31′56″S 167°07′09″E / 77.532253°S 167.119251°E / -77.532253; 167.119251 A small circular crater at 3,561 metres (11,683 ft) high on the western slope of the summit of Mount Erebus. So named for its location. Download coordinates as: Mount Erebus has several named features on its slopes, including
5508-433: The summit of Observation Hill on Hut Point Peninsula. A descriptive name given by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13, under Scott. 77°51′S 166°43′E / 77.850°S 166.717°E / -77.850; 166.717 . A pass between Crater Hill and Observation Hill at the south end of Hut Point Peninsula. Charted and named by the BrNAE, 1901-04, under Scott. BrNAE sledge parties traversed
5589-483: The summit of the volcano. So named because many working at the camp suffered from nausea due to high elevation mountain sickness. Features on the northern slopes include: 77°26′S 167°00′E / 77.433°S 167.000°E / -77.433; 167.000 . Pyramidal peak on the north side of Mount Erebus, between it and Mount Bird. Charted by the British Antarctic Expedition under Scott, 1910-13, and named for Petty Officer George P. Abbott, Royal Navy,
5670-499: The summit), on March 10, 1908. The ascent was documented in the first chapter of Aurora Australis , the first book to be written and published in Antarctica. Its first known solo ascent and the first winter ascent was accomplished by British mountaineer Roger Mear on 7 June 1985, a member of the "In the Footsteps of Scott" expedition. On 19–20 January 1991, Charles J. Blackmer, an iron-worker for many years at McMurdo Station and
5751-546: The surface brought in by animals (e.g. bats and birds) or ground water. The caves at Erebus are at high altitude, yet accessible for study. Some of the caves can reach temperatures of 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit), and with light near the cave mouths, in some caves covered by thin overlying ice the light reach even deeper, is sufficient to sustain an ecosystem of flora and fauna consisting of moss, algae, arthropods and nematodes. They are dynamic systems that collapse and rebuild, but persist over decades. The air inside
5832-489: The temperature inside the volcano and the radioactivity of the materials present in such volcanoes. Dante successfully scaled a significant portion of the crater before technical difficulties emerged with the fibre-optic cable used for communications between the walker and base station. Since Dante had not yet reached the bottom of the crater, no data of volcanic significance was recorded. The expedition proved to be highly successful in terms of robotic and computer science, and
5913-596: The volcano's emissions that include 80 grams of gold vapor daily. This amount of gold vapor is low compared to other volcanoes, but the condensation from vapor into gold particles is the first ever documented. Researchers spent more than three months during the 2007–08 field season installing an atypically dense array of seismometers around Mount Erebus to listen to waves of energy generated by small, controlled blasts from explosives they buried along its flanks and perimeter, and to record scattered seismic signals generated by lava lake eruptions and local ice quakes. By studying
5994-477: The west side of Hut Point Peninsula. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (2000) after Thelma Rodgers , scientific officer, who was the first woman to winter-over at Scott Base, 1979. 77°46′S 166°53′E / 77.767°S 166.883°E / -77.767; 166.883 . A prominent rock 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northeast of Cone Hill. Cone Hill and this rock were designated "Cone Hill I" and "Cone Hill II," respectively, by
6075-662: The west slope of Mount Erebus. The feature is 0.6 nautical miles (1.1 km; 0.69 mi) southwest of Hoopers Shoulder. At the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, named by United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2000) after Katherine V. Cashman, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) team member on Mount Erebus in 1978-79 while a Fulbright scholar at Victoria University of Wellington; worked again on Mount Erebus, 1988-89; later Professor of Geology, University of Oregon. 77°35′S 166°47′E / 77.583°S 166.783°E / -77.583; 166.783 . A prominent rock cliff that stands out from
6156-591: Was adopted by US-ACAN on the recommendation of Gerald L. Kooyman, USARP biologist who studied physiological characteristics related to diving in the Weddell seal in this vicinity, 1963-64 and 1964-65. Kooyman reported that this descriptive name was already in use by other field workers in the area. 77°48′S 166°46′E / 77.800°S 166.767°E / -77.800; 166.767 . Bold rock crag, 415 metres (1,362 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) northeast of Hut Point on
6237-425: Was cook and camp manager at the lower Erebus Hut during the 1992-93 NSF-NASA Dante robot experiment on Mount Erebus. She also managed the food room at McMurdo Station, was the hovercraft pilot, and has also been a helicopter technician. 77°28′41″S 166°53′17″E / 77.478006°S 166.888183°E / -77.478006; 166.888183 A nunatak rising to about 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) high on
6318-710: Was possibly the first expedition by a robotic platform to Antarctica. Air New Zealand Flight 901 was a scheduled sightseeing service from Auckland Airport in New Zealand to Antarctica and return with a scheduled stop at Christchurch Airport to refuel before returning to Auckland. The Air New Zealand flyover service, for the purposes of Antarctic sightseeing, was operated with McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 aircraft and began in February 1977. The flight crashed into Mount Erebus on November 28, 1979, killing all 257 people on board. Passenger photographs taken seconds before
6399-701: Was the young Joseph Hooker , future president of the Royal Society and close friend of Charles Darwin . Erebus is a dark region in Hades in Greek mythology , personified as the Ancient Greek primordial deity of darkness, the son of Chaos . The mountain was surveyed in December 1912 by a science party from Robert Falcon Scott 's Terra Nova expedition , who also collected geological samples. Two of
6480-415: Was used as the access route from a NASA robot called Dante that was carried to the crater rim, Jan. 1, 1993. 77°31′32″S 167°09′01″E / 77.52563°S 167.150153°E / -77.52563; 167.150153 . A western slope, 3,700 metres (12,100 ft) high, between Camp Slope and Robot Gully, leading down from the summit crater rim of Mount Erebus. So named because the slope includes
6561-594: Was used by the British Antarctic Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott , 1910-13, but the form Cone Hill has come into general use. 77°47′22″S 166°55′13″E / 77.789466°S 166.920391°E / -77.789466; 166.920391 . An ice-covered point 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) southeast of Cone Hill on the east side of Hut Point Peninsula. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 2000 after Stephen F. Ackley, Snow and Ice Division, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), Hanover, New Hampshire,
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