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49-817: On 8 April 2009, the federal Government of Canada and the provincial Government of British Columbia joined with the Maa-nulth Treaty Society to sign the Maa-nulth Final Agreement in Port Alberni , British Columbia . The Huu-ay-aht and other member-nations of the Maa-nulth Treaty Society then officially entered in the sixth and final stage of the British Columbia Treaty Process , treaty implementation. The Huu-ay-aht government consists of one chief-councillor and four councillors. The chief-councillor

98-457: A 2005 United States Geological Survey (USGS) report, "The 1700 Cascadia earthquake probably was such a giant. It likely broke at least 1,000 kilometers of the boundary between the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate and the overriding North America Plate—a rupture about as long as California, or about the length of Japan’s main island, Honshu. On the seaward half of the rupture, the plates probably lurched past one another by about 20 meters. The magnitude

147-485: A life-and-death struggle between a thunderbird and a whale that caused the earth to shake violently and the seas to wash away their people and homes...[T]he ancient quake and tsunami devastated the western shores of Vancouver Island and the eastern coast of Japan. This oral tradition concurs with scientific research into the timing of the 1700 Cascadia earthquake . Under the sea floor in the Cascadia subduction zone off

196-632: Is a popular day-trip destination for tourists. Reachable by boat or floatplane , the park is located about 45 km (28 mi) north of Tofino. The settlement acquired its name in 1909 with the opening of the Tofino Post Office, named after the nearby Tofino Inlet . This geographical feature had been named in 1792 by the Spanish explorers Galiano and Valdés , in honour of Admiral Vicente Tofiño de San Miguel y Wandewalle (or Vandewalle), under whom Galiano had learned cartography . In

245-813: Is a town of approximately 2,516 residents on the west coast of Vancouver Island in the Canadian province of British Columbia . The District of Tofino is located at the western terminus of Highway 4 on the tip of the Esowista Peninsula at the southern edge of Clayoquot Sound . It is situated in the traditional territory of the Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations . A popular year-round tourism destination, Tofino's summer population swells to many times its winter size. It attracts surfers , hikers, nature lovers, bird watchers, campers, whale watchers and fishermen. Despite its small population,

294-606: Is alternatively known as His Majesty's Government (French: Gouvernement de Sa Majesté ) and is corporately branded as the Government of Canada . There are over 100 departments and agencies, as well as over 300,000 persons employed in the Government of Canada. These institutions carry out the programs and enforce the laws established by the Parliament of Canada . The federal government's organization and structure

343-476: Is concentrated in the winter, which is a characteristic of Coastal British Columbia; however, the annual amount of 3,270.7 mm (128.77 in) far exceeds nearby areas. By comparison, Victoria, located only 203 km (126 mi) away, receives only 607.6 mm (23.92 in). Proximity to the Pacific Ocean keeps temperatures cool in the summer and mild in the winter. Average high temperatures in

392-599: Is shared by multiple institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority. The executive is thus formally referred to as the King-in-Council . On the advice of the Canadian prime minister, the sovereign appoints a federal viceregal representative —the governor general (currently Mary Simon )—who, since 1947, is permitted to exercise almost all of the monarch's royal prerogative ; though, there are some duties which must be specifically performed by

441-576: Is the head of government and the councillors are legislators . Together, this five person group also forms the executive branch of the Huu-ay-aht government . Currently, the Huu-ay-aht government is elected by the Huu-ay-aht membership for a period of four years. After the effective date of the Maa-nulth Treaty, the Huu-ay-aht government will be transformed according to the constitution it developed and ratified on 28 April 2007. Under

490-511: The 2021 Canadian census , Tofino had a population of 2,516 living in 945 of its 1,205 total private dwellings, a change of 27.9% from its 2016 population of 1,967. With a land area of 10.56 km (4.08 sq mi), it had a population density of 238.3/km (617.1/sq mi) in 2021. According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Tofino were: Tofino-Long Beach Airport (YAZ), 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) southeast of

539-709: The Canadian Crown . In press releases issued by federal departments, the government has sometimes been referred to as the current prime minister's government (e.g. the Trudeau Government ). This terminology has been commonly employed in the media. In late 2010, an informal instruction from the Office of the Prime Minister urged government departments to consistently use, in all department communications, such phrasing (i.e., Harper Government , at

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588-583: The King's Privy Council for Canada is the body that advises the sovereign or their representative on the exercise of executive power. This task is carried out nearly exclusively by the Cabinet, which functions as the executive committee of the Privy Council that sets the government's policies and priorities for the country and is chaired by the prime minister. The sovereign appoints the members of Cabinet on

637-467: The advice of the King's Privy Council for Canada , referred to as the King-in-Council . However, the Privy Council—consisting mostly of former ministers, chief justices , and other elder statesmen—rarely meets in full. In the construct of constitutional monarchy and responsible government , the advice tendered is typically binding, meaning the monarch reigns but does not rule , with

686-642: The federal departments and agencies , staffed by the Public Service of Canada , and the Canadian Armed Forces . One of the main duties of the Crown is to ensure that a democratic government is always in place, which includes the appointment of a prime minister , who heads the Cabinet and directs the activities of the government. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists in long-established convention , which stipulates

735-661: The head of government , who is invited by the Crown to form a government after securing the confidence of the House of Commons , which is typically determined through the election of enough members of a single political party in a federal election to provide a majority of seats in Parliament, forming a governing party . Further elements of governance are outlined in the rest of the Canadian constitution , which includes written statutes in addition to court rulings and unwritten conventions developed over centuries. Constitutionally,

784-419: The Cabinet ruling "in trust" for the monarch. However, the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, and there are rare exceptions where the monarch may be obliged to act unilaterally to prevent manifestly unconstitutional acts. The stipulations of responsible government require that those who directly advise the Crown on the exercise the royal prerogative be accountable to

833-485: The Crown formed in Cabinet in conventional practice); within the conventional stipulations of a constitutional monarchy, the sovereign's direct participation in any of these areas of governance is limited. The term Government of Canada , or more formally, His Majesty's Government refers to the activities of the King-in-Council . The day-to-day operation and activities of the Government of Canada are performed by

882-579: The Crown must select as prime minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons , who, in practice, is typically the leader of the political party that holds more seats than any other party in that chamber (currently the Liberal Party , led by Justin Trudeau ). Should no particular party hold a majority in the House of Commons, the leader of one party—either

931-681: The Maa-nulth Final Agreement: land, governance, taxation and natural resources. The government has reserve lands in Numukamis, Nuchaquis, Dochsupple, Sachsa, Sachawil, Kirkby Point, Hamilton Point, Haines Island, Keeshan ( Kiix?in ), Kichha, Clutus, Anacla, and Masit. The Huu-ay-aht First Nations were once governed by hereditary chieftains . In the Nuu-chah-nulth language, they are called Ha'wiih (plural) and Ha'wilth (singular). One of these leaders stands above

980-727: The Peak Women's Surf Championship typically takes place toward the end of the month. In 2010, the O'Neill Coldwater Surf Classic took place on Cox Bay Beach, as the first professional ASP surf event ever held in Canada, with Tofino surfer Pete Devries winning the competition. November has typically hosted the Clayoquot Oyster Festival, . Rip Curl Pro Tofino, the official Canadian surfing championship, has been held each year in May, since 2007. Between 1988 and 2020, Tofino

1029-535: The Village Green on every Saturday, from the Victoria Day long weekend through early October. The Tofino Lantern Festival (voted Tofino's most popular event by Tofino Time Magazine ), was a Raincoast Education Society fundraiser each August, with its cancellation announced in 2021. Since 2018, early September has the week-long Race for The Blue Tuna Shoot-Out hosted by Tofino Resort + Marina, and Queen of

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1078-466: The advice of the prime minister who, by convention, are generally selected primarily from the House of Commons (although often include a limited number of members from the Senate ). During its term, the government must retain the confidence of the House of Commons and certain important motions , such as money bills and the speech from the throne , are considered as confidence motions . Laws are formed by

1127-639: The deaths of six passengers. Every March, the migration of thousands of grey whales is celebrated with the Pacific Rim Whale Festival . The last weekend of April has, up until 2020, been the Tofino Shorebird Festival. The first weekend of June, for 14 years, brought the Tofino Food and Wine Festival, featuring British Columbia wines and showcasing the creations of Tofino chefs. The Tofino Market takes place on

1176-417: The elected House of Commons and the day-to-day operation of government is guided only by a sub-group of the Privy Council made up of individuals who hold seats in Parliament, known as the Cabinet . The monarch and governor general typically follow the near-binding advice of their ministers. The royal prerogative, however, belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, who only rule "in trust" for

1225-400: The monarch and who must relinquish the Crown's power back to it upon losing the confidence of the commons, whereupon a new government, which can hold the lower chamber 's confidence, is installed by the governor general. The royal and vice-royal figures may unilaterally use these powers in exceptional constitutional crisis situations (an exercise of the reserve powers ), thereby allowing

1274-450: The monarch themselves (such as assent of certain bills). In case of the governor general's absence or incapacitation, the administrator of Canada performs the Crown's most basic functions. As part of the royal prerogative, the royal sign-manual gives authority to letters patent and orders-in-Council . Much of the royal prerogative is only exercised in-council, meaning on the advice of the King's Privy Council for Canada ( ministers of

1323-438: The monarch to make sure "that the government conducts itself in compliance with the constitution." Politicians can sometimes try to use to their favour to obscure the complexity of the relationship between the monarch, viceroy, ministers, and Parliament, as well as the public's general unfamiliarity with such. Tofino Tofino ( / t ə ˈ f iː n oʊ / tə- FEE -noh , Nuu-chah-nulth : Načiks )

1372-412: The mostly wooden structure is both home to Adams and King as well as a tourist attraction and an art gallery. Freedom Cove attempts to live as sustainably as possible by such means as by using solar power, recycling waste, composting, drinking rainwater, and eating locally grown or caught food. The climate is marine west coast ( Köppen : Cfb, clearly included in the temperate zone ). Precipitation

1421-527: The new Huu-ay-aht First Nations Constitution, the Huu-ay-aht Government will be expanded to seven members total: one elected chief-councillor, one appointed representative of the hereditary chiefs (see below) and five elected councillors. The new government will also have access to legislative authority over more than what is normally accorded to First Nations in Canada due to the articles of

1470-526: The onset of autumn). The highest temperature ever recorded in Tofino was 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) on June 28, 2021. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −15.0 °C (5 °F) on January 30, 1969. Tofino has one newspaper, the Tofino-Ucluelet Westerly News . Tofino Time is a monthly magazine that publishes local news and articles about Tofino and the surrounding areas. CHMZ-FM on 90.1 FM, nicknamed Tuff City radio,

1519-468: The party with the most seats or one supported by other parties—will be called by the governor general to form a minority government . Once sworn in, the prime minister holds office until their resignation or removal by the governor general, after either a motion of no confidence or defeat in a general election . The executive is defined in the Constitution Act, 1867 as the Crown acting on

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1568-519: The passage of bills through Parliament, which are either sponsored by the government or individual members of Parliament. Once a bill has been approved by both the House of Commons and the Senate, royal assent is required to make the bill become law. The laws are then the responsibility of the government to oversee and enforce. Under Canada's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy , the terms government and Government of Canada refer specifically to

1617-449: The precipitation that falls throughout the year is rain, with 203 days with rain and only 7.8 days with snowfall. Due to its location on the westernmost part of Vancouver Island, Tofino faces the Pacific Ocean, unimpeded by any mountains to the west (and therefore not subject to a rain shadow effect like much of the eastern island and the BC interior). Winter cyclonic storms frequently pass over

1666-478: The prime minister, Cabinet, and other members of the governing party inside the House of Commons , but typically includes the federal public service and federal departments and agencies when used elsewhere. This differs from the United States , where the executive branch is referred to as an administration and the federal government encompasses executive, legislative, and judicial powers, similar to

1715-453: The residents relocated to higher ground as well. The Ocean Networks Canada "includes a 24-hour ocean monitoring program through a series of Internet connected cables." Scientists study Cascadia, Nankai, Barbados and Chile subduction zones the most because these are the most significant. The University of Victoria will be installing a specialized radar at Tofino ’s airport in 2015 to detect tsunami waves far offshore. In an article published in

1764-652: The rest as the Tyee Ha'wilth , or Head Chief. Currently, the Huu-ay-aht has seven hereditary leaders including the head chief. Pachena Bay is home to the Huu-ay-aht First Nations village of Anacla, "which aboriginal oral history says was devastated when an ancient earthquake convulsed the West Coast of North America." "First Nations from Vancouver Island to Northern California describe the earthquake and tsunami in similar legends and artwork involving

1813-523: The scientific journal Nature in 1996, a team of researchers linked the orphaned 1700 tsunami in Japan with a magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami in North America in a Trans-Pacific reunion. Scientists "dated the earthquake to the evening of January 26, 1700" and approximated its size as magnitude 9. By 1997 tree-ring dating had securely linked the giant 1700 North American earthquake. According to

1862-535: The summer and winter are relatively stable and cool, coming in at 19.1 °C (66.4 °F) and 8.1 °C (46.6 °F), respectively. Compared to the Canadian city of Winnipeg, Manitoba , which rests on a similar latitude, Tofino's average high temperature is 6.8 degrees cooler in the summer and a whopping 19.4 degrees warmer in the winter. During the cooler season, there is a lot of precipitation, with 492.1 mm (19.37 in) in November alone. Nearly all of

1911-401: The time), in place of Government of Canada . The same Cabinet earlier directed its press department to use the phrase Canada's New Government . Canada is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the role of the reigning sovereign is both legal and practical, but not political. The monarch is vested with all powers of state and sits at the centre of a construct in which the power of the whole

1960-535: The town attracts a number of chefs and culinary professionals, which has resulted in a burgeoning choice of restaurants and specialty shops. In the winter, it is not as bustling, although many people visit Tofino and the West Coast to watch storms on the water . Close to Tofino is Long Beach , a scenic and popular year-round destination, in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve . With its natural hot springs , Maquinna Marine Provincial Park

2009-454: The town deluging it with rain, making it one of the wettest locations in Canada. The month of November alone brings more precipitation to Tofino than that received for an entire year in parts of the BC interior such as Kamloops and Penticton . Like the rest of coastal BC, summer brings relative dryness; even so, it still receives much more summertime precipitation than the interior (which can often be susceptible to drought-like conditions until

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2058-426: The town, is accessible to private and commercial aircraft. Floatplanes land on the inlet in town. Coastal fog is a common morning phenomenon in the summer, complicating access by air until the weather clears. Tofino is located at the western end of Highway 4 that connects the community with Port Alberni and the population centres on the east coast of Vancouver Island . A monument in the city declares Tofino to be

2107-587: The west coast of Vancouver Island, the Juan de Fuca Plate and overriding the North American Plate are locked together. "Right now the two plates are sort of stuck together... They’re locked, yet they are still moving toward each other. What’s happening is there’s a lot of stress building up. The stress builds up over hundreds of years and when it releases it releases in a megathrust earthquake." University of Victoria ocean engineer Kate Moran heads

2156-547: The western terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway as part of a 1940s campaign by local residents; the highway officially ends in Victoria at the terminus of Highway 1 . Water taxis connect Tofino with coastal communities such as Ahousat and Hot Springs Cove . Wildlife-watching tour boats operate in the area. In October 2015, a whale watching vessel capsized off the coast of Tofino, which resulted in

2205-646: The world-leading Ocean Networks Canada . Moran "previously advised the Obama administration in the United States on climate policy issues [and] headed the first research team into the Indian Ocean area following the Boxing Day earthquake and tsunami." According to Moran, the Boxing Day 2004 and 1700 earthquake and tsunamis were like "ripping open the earth’s zipper." Moran says, "the Huu-ay-aht council

2254-467: Was established at Confederation , through the Constitution Act, 1867 , wherein the Canadian Crown acts as the core, or "the most basic building block", of its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy . The monarch, King  Charles III is head of state and is personally represented by a governor general (currently Mary Simon ). A prime minister (currently Justin Trudeau ) is

2303-407: Was home to Poole's Land , an ecovillage and " Hippie Commune " run on Anarchist principles. The Commune provided free accommodation to seasonal workers who would come to Tofino in the summer months as well as being a centre of counterculture in the region. Located within the Tofino vicinity is the man-made floating Island of Freedom Cove. Constructed by Wayne Adams and Catherine King in 1992,

2352-408: Was probably in the range M 8.7-9.2." Government of Canada The Government of Canada ( French : Gouvernement du Canada ) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada . The term Government of Canada refers specifically to the executive, which includes ministers of the Crown (together in the Cabinet ) and the federal civil service (whom the Cabinet direct); it

2401-410: Was wise to accept the advice of its elders and build its new administration building high above Pachena Bay because it’s only a matter of time before another devastating tsunami arrives." Although residents still live primarily in lower-lying areas, they are evacuated to the administration building when a tsunami warning is issued; this is an interim step toward a longer-term plan which will eventually see

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