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107-480: The Reedy Glacier was mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy (USN) air photos, 1960–64. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Rear Admiral James R. Reedy, USN, Commander, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, from November 1962 until April 1965. The Reedy Glacier is the most southern large glacier that drains ice through

214-469: A builder with the Byrd Station winter party, 1958. 85°28′S 136°18′W  /  85.467°S 136.300°W  / -85.467; -136.300 . Nunatak, 960 metres (3,150 ft), located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) west of the lower part of Reedy Glacier and 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) ESE of Berry Peaks . Named by US-ACAN for Edward J. Racine, a member of

321-593: A federal survey agency, in part to inventory the vast lands added to the United States by the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the Mexican–American War in 1848. The USGS was authorized on March 3 in a last-minute amendment to an unrelated bill that charged the new agency with the "classification of the public lands, and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of

428-449: A lack of accuracy and detail in comparison to older generation maps based on aerial photo surveys and field checks. As the digital databases were not designed for producing general-purpose maps, data integration can be a problem when retrieved from sources with different resolutions and collection dates. Human-made features once recorded by direct field observation are not in any public domain national database and are frequently omitted from

535-564: A major projection between Davisville and Quonset Glaciers along the north wall of the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Clifford D. Moran, United States Navy, aircraft pilot during United States Navy Operation Deep Freeze 1966 and 1967. 85°29′S 125°35′W  /  85.483°S 125.583°W  / -85.483; -125.583 . A peak over 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) north of Moran Buttress on

642-603: A member of the Byrd Station winter party, 1960, who returned to Antarctica to do glaciological work in several succeeding summer seasons. 85°22′S 124°14′W  /  85.367°S 124.233°W  / -85.367; -124.233 . The northern of two nunataks which lie close north of Mount Brecher. Named by US-ACAN for Gordon W. Angus, ionospheric physicist, Byrd Station winter party, 1961. 85°25′S 124°00′W  /  85.417°S 124.000°W  / -85.417; -124.000 . A distinctive flat-topped mountain, 2,265 metres (7,431 ft) high, standing on

749-680: A member of the McMurdo Station winter party, 1960. 85°40′S 127°36′W  /  85.667°S 127.600°W  / -85.667; -127.600 . A prominent rock bluff 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) ENE of Faure Peak, rising to 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) high and forming a projection along the north side of the Wisconsin Plateau of the Horlick Mountains. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Malcolm W. Lentz, United States Navy, officer in charge of

856-432: A network of ice-drowned ridges about 9 nautical miles (17 km; 10 mi) in extent, lying 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) northwest of Murtaugh Peak. Named by US-ACAN for Franklin E. Ford, construction mechanic with the winter parties at Byrd Station in 1961 and South Pole Station in 1965. 85°34′S 131°02′W  /  85.567°S 131.033°W  / -85.567; -131.033 . A rock peak in

963-677: A new way to view their entire digitized collection of over 178,000 maps from 1884 to 2006. The site is an interactive map of the United States that allows users to search or move around the map to find the USGS collection of maps for a specific area. Users may then view the maps in great detail and download them if desired. In 2008 the USGS abandoned traditional methods of surveying, revising, and updating topographic maps based on aerial photography and field checks. Today's U.S. Topo quadrangle (1:24,000) maps are mass-produced, using automated and semiautomated processes, with cartographic content supplied from

1070-410: A non-metric scale virtually unique to the United States. Each of these maps covers an area bounded by two lines of latitude and two lines of longitude spaced 7.5 minutes apart. Nearly 57,000 individual maps in this series cover the 48 contiguous states , Hawaii , U.S. territories , and areas of Alaska near Anchorage , Fairbanks , and Prudhoe Bay . The area covered by each map varies with

1177-846: A number of water-related programs, notably the National Streamflow Information Program and National Water-Quality Assessment Program. USGS Water data is publicly available from their National Water Information System database. The USGS also operates the National Wildlife Health Center , whose mission is "to serve the nation and its natural resources by providing sound science and technical support, and to disseminate information to promote science-based decisions affecting wildlife and ecosystem health. The NWHC provides information, technical assistance, research, education, and leadership on national and international wildlife health issues." It

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1284-546: A participant in several deployments of Operation Deep Freeze, 1955-68. Right (east) tributaries are, from south to north: 86°04′S 127°24′W  /  86.067°S 127.400°W  / -86.067; -127.400 . A broad glacier at the south side of Wisconsin Plateau , flowing west to merge with the lower part of Olentangy Glacier before entering Reedy Glacier just southwest of Mount McNaughton . Named by US-ACAN for Lt. Robert J. McCarthy, USN, pilot on flights to

1391-684: A result, some have noted that the U.S. Topo maps currently fall short of traditional topographic map presentation standards achieved in maps drawn from 1945 to 1992. The Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) has four sections within its organizational structure; the Field Services Section which includes the warehouse, repair shop, and Engineering Unit; the Testing Section which includes the Hydraulic Laboratory, testing chambers, and Water Quality Laboratory;

1498-670: A temporary station on the Ross Ice Shelf. From there, William E. Long and F. Darling walked south to the Wisconsin Range escarpment and gathered samples of granitic rock from Mount LeSchack. In 1964–65 Gunter Faure and John H. Mercer led a group of geologists from what is now the Byrd Polar Research Center of Ohio State University to study the Wisconsin Range and the Long Hills, using snowmobiles and three United States Army helicopters to access all parts of

1605-478: A towing tank, jet tank, pipe flow facility, and tilting flume. In addition, the HIF provides training and technical support for the equipment it stocks. The Engineering Group seeks out new technology and designs for instrumentation that can work more efficiently, be more accurate, and or be produced at a lower cost than existing instrumentation. HIF works directly with vendors to help them produce products that will meet

1712-644: A variety of USGS Report Series that include preliminary results, maps, data, and final results. A complete catalog of all USGS publications is available from the USGS Publications Warehouse. In the mid-1800s, various states set up geological survey institutions; e.g., the Kentucky Geological Survey , established in 1854. In 1879, a report from the National Academy of Sciences prompted Congress to set up

1819-541: Is 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) long and 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) wide and rises to 3,610 metres (11,840 ft) high, standing between Sisco Mesa and Mount McNaughton where it forms part of the divide between Norfolk and Olentangy Glaciers in western Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Leland John Haworth , Director of the National Science Foundation and a member of

1926-550: Is 600 metres (2,000 ft) above sea level. Ice thickness is up to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). At the Quartz Hills the center-line velocity is 170 metres (560 ft) per year. Elsewhere center-line velocities range from 100 to 200 metres (330 to 660 ft) per year. Kansas Glacier is the largest tributary, joining the Reedy Glacier 100 kilometres (62 mi) from its head. Other tributaries contribute little to

2033-673: Is a major mountain range of the Horlick Mountains in Antarctica, comprising the Wisconsin Plateau and numerous glaciers, ridges and peaks bounded by the Reedy Glacier , Shimizu Ice Stream, Horlick Ice Stream and the interior ice plateau. The Wisconsin Range was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1959–64. It was named by

2140-514: Is a partnership-driven program that teams scientific researchers with natural and cultural resource managers to help fish, wildlife, waters, and lands across the country adapt to climate change . The National CASC (NCASC), based at USGS headquarters in Reston, Virginia, serves as the national office for the CASC network, while eight regional CASCs made up of federal-university consortiums located across

2247-483: Is mapped at this scale in quadrangles measuring 1° by 1°. USGS topographic quadrangle maps are marked with grid lines and tics around the map collar which make it possible to identify locations on the map by several methods, including the graticule measurements of longitude and latitude, the township and section method within the Public Land Survey System , and cartesian coordinates in both

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2354-529: Is the agency primarily responsible for surveillance of H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks in the United States. The USGS also runs 17 biological research centers in the United States, including the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center . The USGS is investigating collaboration with the social networking site Twitter to allow for more rapid construction of ShakeMaps. ShakeMaps are an interactive tool allowing users to visually observe

2461-918: The Denver Federal Center ; and in NASA Ames Research Park in California. In 2009, it employed about 8,670 people. The current motto of the USGS, in use since August 1997, is "science for a changing world". The agency's previous slogan, adopted on its hundredth anniversary, was "Earth Science in the Public Service". Since 2012, the USGS science focus has been directed at topical "Mission Areas" that have continued to evolve. Further organizational structure includes headquarters functions, geographic regions, science and support programs, science centers, labs, and other facilities. The USGS regional organization aligns with

2568-751: The Mercer Ice Stream at 85°S 140°W  /  85°S 140°W  / -85; -140 in the southeast corner of the Ross Sea embayment. It is the only large glacier that flows from the Transantarctic mountains into grounded ice in the Ross Sea , although during the Last Glacial Maximum other glaciers also flowed into grounded ice. The Reedy Glacier is almost 20 kilometres (12 mi) wide at its head and its mouth. It narrows to 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) in

2675-599: The State Plane Coordinate System and the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system . Other specialty maps have been produced by the USGS at a variety of scales. These include county maps, maps of special interest areas, such as the national parks , and areas of scientific interest. A number of Internet sites have made these maps available on the web for affordable commercial and professional use. Because works of

2782-634: The UCERF California earthquake forecast. As of 2005, the agency is working to create a National Volcano Early Warning System by improving the instrumentation monitoring the 169 volcanoes in U.S. territory and by establishing methods for measuring the relative threats posed at each site. The USGS also operates five volcano observatories throughout the nation: the Alaska Volcano Observatory in Anchorage, Alaska (on

2889-927: The Watson Escarpment . It flows northwest past the Wisconsin Range to the east, from which it receives the Norfolk Glacier and the Hueneme Glacier. Past the Quartz Hills to the west it receives the Colorado Glacier. Below Blubaugh Nunatak the Reedy Glacier is joined from the west by the large Kansas Glacier. The Kansas Glacier originates on the Stanford Plateau and is fed by the Johns Glacier from

2996-561: The landscape of the United States, its natural resources , and the natural hazards that threaten it. The agency also makes maps of extraterrestrial planets and moons based on data from U.S. space probes . The sole scientific agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior, USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility. It is headquartered in Reston, Virginia , with major offices near Lakewood, Colorado ; at

3103-570: The magnetic field at magnetic observatories and distributes magnetometer data in real time. The USGS collaborates with Canadian and Mexican government scientists, along with the Commission for Environmental Cooperation , to produce the North American Environmental Atlas , which is used to depict and track environmental issues for a continental perspective. The USGS operates the streamgaging network for

3210-442: The 15-minute series, was once used to map the contiguous 48 states at a scale of 1:62,500 for maps covering the continental United States, but was discontinued during the last quarter of the twentieth century. Each map was bounded by two parallels and two meridians spaced 15 minutes apart—the same area covered by four maps in the 7.5-minute series. The 15-minute series, at a scale of 1:63,360 (one inch representing one mile), remains

3317-439: The 30 x 60-minute quadrangle series. Each of these quadrangles covers the area contained within 32 maps in the 7.5-minute series. The 1:100,000 scale series is unusual in that it primarily employs the metric system . One centimeter on the map represents one kilometer of distance on the ground. Contour intervals , spot elevations, and horizontal distances are also specified in meters. The final regular quadrangle series produced by

Reedy Glacier - Misplaced Pages Continue

3424-713: The Antarctic Policy Group in 1966. 85°52′S 130°46′W  /  85.867°S 130.767°W  / -85.867; -130.767 . A prominent mountain, 2,150 metres (7,050 ft) high, in western Wisconsin Range, rising on the east side of Reedy Glacier just north of the junction of Norfolk Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Commander David Soyat, United States Navy, air operations officer with Squadron VX-6 at McMurdo Station, winter 1962. 85°49′S 130°45′W  /  85.817°S 130.750°W  / -85.817; -130.750 . A narrow spur, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long, forming

3531-536: The Antarctic Policy Group. 85°50′S 127°48′W  /  85.833°S 127.800°W  / -85.833; -127.800 . An ice-capped mesa with steep rock walls whose summit area is 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) long and wide and rises to 3,350 metres (10,990 ft). It stands just north of Haworth Mesa between the heads of Norfolk and Olentangy Glaciers in the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Joseph J. Sisco , Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs, Chairman of

3638-571: The Byrd Station winter party, 1958. 85°27′S 124°20′W  /  85.450°S 124.333°W  / -85.450; -124.333 . A canyon at the head of Quonset Glacier, between Ruseski Buttress and Mount LeSchack, along the north side of Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for David M. Perkins, geomagnetist, Byrd Station winter party, 1961. 85°20′S 125°36′W  /  85.333°S 125.600°W  / -85.333; -125.600 . An isolated nunatak lying 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) west-northwest of Mount Brecher on

3745-483: The Construction Battalion Center which handles west coast cargo for USN Deep Freeze Operations. 85°17′S 132°00′W  /  85.283°S 132.000°W  / -85.283; -132.000 . A large ice stream on the featureless ice surface to the north of the main mass of the Horlick Mountains , draining west-southwestward, paralleling these mountains, to enter the lower portion of

3852-568: The Horlick Ice Stream. Named by US-ACAN for Davisville, Rhode Island, location of the Construction Battalion Center responsible for cargo matters for USN Operation Deep Freeze on the east coast. 85°19′S 127°05′W  /  85.317°S 127.083°W  / -85.317; -127.083 . A glacier about 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long which drains the north slopes of Wisconsin Range between Mount LeSchack and Ruseski Buttress and trends west-northwest to enter

3959-980: The Information Technology Section which includes computer support and the Drafting Unit; and the Administrative Section. The HIF was given national responsibility for the design, testing, evaluation, repair, calibration, warehousing, and distribution of hydrologic instrumentation. Distribution is accomplished by direct sales and through a rental program. The HIF supports data collection activities through centralized warehouse and laboratory facilities. The HIF warehouse provides hydrologic instruments, equipment, and supplies for USGS as well as Other Federal Agencies (OFA) and USGS Cooperators. The HIF also tests, evaluates, repairs, calibrates, and develops hydrologic equipment and instruments. The HIF Hydraulic Laboratory facilities include

4066-481: The Meteorological Support Unit of the U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica. 85°49′S 131°15′W  /  85.817°S 131.250°W  / -85.817; -131.250 . A glacier, 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long, draining westward from Wisconsin Range to enter Reedy Glacier between Griffith Peak and Mickler Spur . Named by US-ACAN for Port Hueneme, CA, location of

4173-523: The National GIS Database. In the two years from June 2009 to May 2011, the USGS produced nearly 40,000 maps, more than 80 maps per work day. Only about two hours of interactive work are spent on each map, mostly on text placement and final inspection; there are essentially no field checks or field inspections to confirm map details. While much less expensive to compile and produce, the revised digital U.S. topo maps have been criticized for

4280-511: The Quartz Hills and Eblen Hills . Named by US-ACAN for the University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, which has sent a number of research personnel to Antarctica. 85°42′S 134°30′W  /  85.700°S 134.500°W  / -85.700; -134.500 . A steep glacier, 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) long, draining northeast from Stanford Plateau to enter Reedy Glacier just north of Blubaugh Nunatak. Named by US-ACAN for

4387-407: The Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN in association with Horlick Mountains. 85°17′S 128°30′W  /  85.283°S 128.500°W  / -85.283; -128.500 . A glacier about 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) long which drains the north slopes of the Wisconsin Range, between Lentz Buttress and Moran Buttress , and trends northwestward to merge with the lower portion of

Reedy Glacier - Misplaced Pages Continue

4494-747: The Reedy Glacier. It includes Mount McNaughton, Mount Bolton, Goodwin Peak, Haworth Mesa and Sisco Mesa. The Wisconsin Range covers about 8,600 square kilometres (3,300 sq mi) when it is taken to also include the Watson Escarpment south of the Kansas Glacier , the Quartz Hills , the Caloplaca Hills and the Cleveland Mesa , all in the Queen Maud Mountains to the west of the Reedy Glacier. The southwest part of

4601-588: The South Pole Station winter party, 1962. 85°31′S 129°00′W  /  85.517°S 129.000°W  / -85.517; -129.000 . A group of nunataks lying 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) northwest of Lentz Buttress, at the north side of Wisconsin Range, Horlick Mountains. Named by US-ACAN after George B. Gierloff, builder, Byrd Station winter party, 1961. 85°27′S 128°55′W  /  85.450°S 128.917°W  / -85.450; -128.917 . A nunatak marking

4708-548: The Transantarctic mountains from the Antarctic Plateau . It drains about 25,000 square kilometres (9,700 sq mi) of the polar plateau, with its catchment extending from 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of the South Pole. It flows 140 kilometres (87 mi) from the edge of the polar plateau at 86°30′S 140°00′W  /  86.500°S 140.000°W  / -86.500; -140.000 to become

4815-725: The U.S. Department of the Interior Unified Interior Regions: USGS operates and organizes within a number of specific science programs, facilities, and other organizational units: The Earthquake Hazards Program monitors earthquake activity worldwide. The National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) in Golden, Colorado , on the campus of the Colorado School of Mines detects the location and magnitude of global earthquakes. The USGS also runs or supports several regional monitoring networks in

4922-473: The U.S. government are in the public domain , it is also possible to find many of these maps for free at various locations on the Internet. Georeferenced map images are available from the USGS as digital raster graphics (DRGs) in addition to digital data sets based on USGS maps, notably digital line graphs (DLGs) and digital elevation models (DEMs). In 2015, the USGS unveiled the topoView website,

5029-726: The U.S., U.S. Pacific Islands, and U.S. Caribbean deliver science that addresses resource management priorities of the states within their footprints. Since 1962, the Astrogeology Research Program has been involved in global, lunar , and planetary exploration and mapping . In collaboration with Stanford University , the USGS also operates the USGS-Stanford Ion Microprobe Laboratory, a world-class analytical facility for U-(Th)-Pb geochronology and trace element analyses of minerals and other earth materials. USGS operates

5136-933: The USGS Center for Coastal Geology) has three sites, one for the Atlantic Ocean (located in Woods Hole, Massachusetts ), one for the Pacific Ocean (located in Santa Cruz, California ) and one for the Gulf of Mexico (located on the University of South Florida's St. Petersburg campus). The goal of this department is to conduct research in geology, mapping, hydrology, biology, and related sciences; evaluate hazards associated with floods, droughts, hurricanes, subsidence, human activity, and climate change; map

5243-474: The USGS is the 1:250,000 scale topographic series. Each of these quadrangles in the conterminous United States measures 1 degree of latitude by 2 degrees of longitude. This series was produced by the U.S.  Army Map Service in the 1950s, prior to the maps in the larger-scale series, and consists of 489 sheets, each covering an area ranging from 8,218 square miles (21,285 km ) at 30° north to 6,222 square miles (16,115 km ) at 49° north. Hawaii

5350-520: The USGS to rely on donations of time by civilian volunteers in an attempt to update its 7.5-minute topographic map series, and USGS stated outright in 2000 that the program was to be phased out in favor of The National Map (not to be confused with the National Atlas of the United States produced by the Department of the Interior , one of whose bureaus is USGS). An older series of maps,

5457-554: The United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for the University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, Wisconsin , which has sent numerous researchers to Antarctica. The first air photographs of the Wisconsin Range were taken by United States Navy Taskforce 68 during Operation Highjump in 1946–47. In 1958 an oversnow tractor train drove from Byrd Station in West Antarctica to

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5564-494: The United States under the umbrella of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). The USGS informs authorities, emergency responders, the media, and the public, both domestic and worldwide, about significant earthquakes. It maintains long-term archives of earthquake data for scientific and engineering research. It also conducts and supports research on long-term seismic hazards . USGS has released

5671-912: The United States, with over 7400 streamgages . Real-time streamflow data are available online. As part of the Water Resources Research Act of 1984, the State Water Resources Research Act Program created a Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) in each state, along with Washington DC, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and Guam. Together, these institutes make up the National Institutes for Water Resources (NIWR). The institutes focus on water-related issues through research, training and collaboration. The National and regional Climate Adaptation Science Centers (CASCs)

5778-526: The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, which has sent a number of research personnel to Antarctica. 85°48′S 136°30′W  /  85.800°S 136.500°W  / -85.800; -136.500 . An arc-shaped glacier 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long in the northern part of Watson Escarpment . It drains eastward around the northern side of Mount Doumani to join the Kansas Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Lt. Ernest H. Johns, USN,

5885-429: The West Antarctic Ice Sheet. From the polar plateau the Reedy Glacier flows north past the Spear Nunatak, Strickland Nunatak and Savage Nunatak. It passes the Metavolcanic Mountain to the east and the Watson Escarpment to the west. Past the Gratton Nunatak it is joined from the east by the McCarthy Glacier and the Olentangy Glacier. It is joined from the west by the Wotkyns Glacier and the Gardiner Glacier flowing from

5992-601: The Wisconsin Range are recorded in aerial photography obtained by United States Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. The Horlick Mountains, including the Wisconsin Range, were completely surveyed by United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) parties, and was mapped from United States Navy aerial photographs, 1959–64. This range includes the following mountains and peaks: 85°48′S 125°24′W  /  85.800°S 125.400°W  / -85.800; -125.400 . A large ice-capped plateau with general elevations above 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) high, comprising most of

6099-576: The Wisconsin Range. 86°02′S 125°35′W  /  86.033°S 125.583°W  / -86.033; -125.583 . A prominent rock spur protruding from the south extremity of Wisconsin Plateau, situated just southeast of Polygon Spur on the north side of McCarthy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Julius E. Mims, Jr., radioman at Byrd Station in 1962. 86°00′S 126°00′W  /  86.000°S 126.000°W  / -86.000; -126.000 . A broad, ice-free spur lying 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southeast of Tillite Spur at

6206-450: The Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for John E. Murtaugh, geologist with the Ohio State University geological party to the Horlick Mountains, 1964-65. 85°43′S 129°22′W  /  85.717°S 129.367°W  / -85.717; -129.367 . A prominent, mainly ice-covered mountain with a small exposed summit peak, 3,895 metres (12,779 ft) high, standing 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km; 4.0 mi) west of Faure Peak at

6313-570: The area. In 1990–91 a team using a Twin Otter airplane sampled basement rocks in the Wisconsin Range. The Wisconsin Range is east of the Reedy Glacier and south of the Horlick Ice Stream and the Shimizu Ice Stream . The Wisconsin Plateau is in the southeast of the range. The southeast of the range borders the west of the Wisconsin Plateau and overlooks the Olentangy Glacier . From south to north it includes Polygon Spur, Tillite Spur, Red Spur and Mount Huckaby. The southern massif lies between Olentangy Glacier and Norfolk Glacier both tributaries of

6420-519: The campus of Alaska Pacific University ), the California Volcano Observatory in Menlo Park, California , the Cascades Volcano Observatory (covering volcanoes in Idaho , Oregon , and Washington ) in Vancouver, Washington , the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in Hilo, Hawaii , and the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (covering volcanoes in Arizona , Colorado , Montana , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming ) in Yellowstone National Park , Wyoming. The USGS Coastal and Marine Science Center (formerly

6527-582: The central portion. The north of the range is north of the Davisville Glacier , a tributary of the Horlick Ice Stream, and mostly south of the Quonset Glacier , a tributary of the Davisville Glacier that rises in Perkins Canyon. From west to east in includes Saunders Rock, Feeley Peak, Sheets Peak, Moran Buttress, Koopman Peak and Ruseski Buttress. Isolated features to the north of Quonset Glacier include, from west to east, Spiers Nunatak, Garczynski Nunatak, Baker Nunatak, Mount Brecher, Angus Nunatak, Mount LeSchack, Spencer Nunatak and Widich Nunatak. Portions of

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6634-428: The central section, where for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) it flows past cliffs that rise 200 to 600 metres (660 to 1,970 ft) above the glacier surface. The Wisconsin Range to the east and the Queen Maud Mountains to the west holds peaks that rise over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level. At the head of the glacier the ice surface is almost 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, while at its mouth it

6741-422: The continental United States, though only for use by members of its defense forces). The next-smallest topographic series, in terms of scale, is the 1:100,000 series. These maps are bounded by two lines of longitude and two lines of latitude. However, in this series, the lines of latitude are spaced 30 minutes apart and the lines of longitude are spaced 60 minutes, which is the source of another name for these maps;

6848-420: The crew of the icebreaker Eastwind in Operation Deep Freeze 1967. 85°24′S 136°12′W  /  85.400°S 136.200°W  / -85.400; -136.200 . A nunatak lying 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) west of the lower part of Reedy Glacier and 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) east of Berry Peaks. Named by US-ACAN for Lt. (jg) Harvey A. Cohen, USNR, public affairs officer on

6955-420: The distribution and severity of Shaking resulting from Earthquakes. The USGS produces several national series of topographic maps which vary in scale and extent, with some wide gaps in coverage, notably the complete absence of 1:50,000 scale topographic maps or their equivalent. The largest (both in terms of scale and quantity) and best-known topographic series is the 7.5-minute, 1:24,000 scale, quadrangle ,

7062-592: The east margin of upper Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Henry C. Savage, builder at Byrd Station in 1962. 86°20′S 125°36′W  /  86.333°S 125.600°W  / -86.333; -125.600 . A line of bluffs facing northwest, located 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) south of Metavolcanic Mountain, at the east side of Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Julius O. Hatcher, construction mechanic at Byrd Station in 1962. 86°15′S 126°22′W  /  86.250°S 126.367°W  / -86.250; -126.367 . A peak which rises from

7169-514: The east side of Olentangy Glacier. The name was proposed by John H. Mercer , USARP geologist to this area in 1964-65, because tillite extends the length of the spur above its granitic cliffs. 85°57′S 126°44′W  /  85.950°S 126.733°W  / -85.950; -126.733 . A narrow rock spur, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) long, descending from southern Wisconsin Plateau to Olentangy Glacier 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) north of Tillite Spur. The name

7276-420: The east side of Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant James L. Bolton, United States Navy, helicopter pilot on United States Navy Operation Deep Freeze 1965, 1966 and 1967. 85°54′S 129°11′W  /  85.900°S 129.183°W  / -85.900; -129.183 . A peak, 2,770 metres (9,090 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) northeast of Mount Bolton, at

7383-568: The east side of Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for John Vito, electronics technician, Byrd Station winter party, 1961. 85°35′S 132°24′W  /  85.583°S 132.400°W  / -85.583; -132.400 . A small nunatak marking the west extremity of Ford Nunataks, in the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Curtis C. Brinton, utilitiesman with the Byrd Station winter party, 1957. 85°35′S 131°30′W  /  85.583°S 131.500°W  / -85.583; -131.500 . A cluster of nunataks and low peaks rising above

7490-677: The farthest south outcrop along the east side of the head of Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Milton B. Spear, construction electrician, a member of the wintering party at Byrd Station in 1962. 86°29′S 124°12′W  /  86.483°S 124.200°W  / -86.483; -124.200 . A large nunatak between Savage Nunatak and Spear Nunatak at the head of Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Ernest E. Strickland, utilitiesman at Byrd Station in 1962. 86°27′S 124°58′W  /  86.450°S 124.967°W  / -86.450; -124.967 . A nunatak located 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) southeast of Hatcher Bluffs, along

7597-408: The general area during Operation Highjump, 1946-47. 86°00′S 127°20′W  /  86.000°S 127.333°W  / -86.000; -127.333 . A glacier draining that portion of the Wisconsin Plateau of the Horlick Mountains that stands east-north-east of Sisco Mesa , flowing south to merge into McCarthy Glacier and the larger Reedy Glacier to the southwest of Mount McNaughton. The name

7704-623: The glacier. The name was suggested by geologist J.H. Mercer, Institute of Polar Studies, Ohio State University, following field work in the vicinity. 86°13′S 127°00′W  /  86.217°S 127.000°W  / -86.217; -127.000 . A peak, 2,090 metres (6,860 ft) high, standing at the northwest side of Metavolcanic Mountain, at the east flank of Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Douglas A. Pool, construction electrician at Byrd Station in 1962. 86°06′S 127°46′W  /  86.100°S 127.767°W  / -86.100; -127.767 . A bare, linear nunatak lying at

7811-547: The ice sheet about 100 kilometres (62 mi) behind the Ross Sea grounding line, so the flow and thickness of the glacier are, at least in part, controlled by the damming effest of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet . Reedy Glacier was considerably thicker than it is today at several times in the mid to late Cenozoic . For at least five million years the changes of thickness correlate with changes in thickness of

7918-808: The junction with Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Raymond E. Griffith, cook with the winter parties at Byrd Station in 1961 and 1963. 85°46′S 131°46′W  /  85.767°S 131.767°W  / -85.767; -131.767 . A prominent mountain in western Wisconsin Range, 2,010 metres (6,590 ft) high, rising between Mount Vito and Griffith Peak on the east side of Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Leroy Frontz, aircraft commander during United States Navy OpDFrz 1966 and 1967. 85°44′S 131°30′W  /  85.733°S 131.500°W  / -85.733; -131.500 . A bare mountain, 1,810 metres (5,940 ft) high, in western Wisconsin Range, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northeast of Mount Frontz along

8025-488: The latitude of its represented location due to convergence of the meridians. At lower latitudes, near 30° north, a 7.5-minute quadrangle contains an area of about 64 square miles (166 km ). At 49° north latitude, 49 square miles (127 km ) are contained within a quadrangle of that size. As a unique non-metric map scale, the 1:24,000 scale naturally requires a separate and specialized romer scale for plotting map positions. In recent years, budget constraints have forced

8132-545: The mission needs of the USGS. For instrument needs not currently met by a vendor, the Engineering Group designs, tests, and issues contracts to have HIF-designed equipment made. Sometimes HIF will patent a new design in the hope that instrument vendors will buy the rights and mass-produce the instrument at a lower cost to everyone. USGS researchers publish the results of their science in a variety of ways, including peer-reviewed scientific journals as well as in one of

8239-525: The national domain". The legislation also provided that the Hayden , Powell , and Wheeler surveys be discontinued as of June 30, 1879. Clarence King , the first director of USGS, assembled the new organization from disparate regional survey agencies. After two years, King was succeeded by John Wesley Powell . Ford Nunataks The Wisconsin Range ( 85°45′S 125°00′W  /  85.750°S 125.000°W  / -85.750; -125.000 )

8346-465: The newest generation digital topo maps, including windmills, mines and mineshafts, water tanks, fence lines, survey marks, parks, recreational trails, buildings, boundaries, pipelines, telephone lines, power transmission lines, and even railroads. Additionally, the digital map's use of existing software may not properly integrate different feature classes or prioritize and organize text in areas of crowded features, obscuring important geographic details. As

8453-551: The north end of the Gierloff Nunataks on the north side of the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Harold L. McCrilliss, construction electrician, a member of the winter parties at Byrd Station in 1959 and South Pole Station in 1964. 85°31′S 127°36′W  /  85.517°S 127.600°W  / -85.517; -127.600 . An isolated nunatak on the north side of Wisconsin Range, standing 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) north of Lentz Buttress on

8560-636: The north side of Davisville Glacier. Named by US-ACAN after the Naval Air Station, Quonset Point, Rhode Island, home base of Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VXE-6). Nunataks and other isolated features along the course of the glacier were mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960–64. They include, from south to north: 86°32′S 124°06′W  /  86.533°S 124.100°W  / -86.533; -124.100 . A nunatak lying 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Strickland Nunatak; apparently being

8667-1135: The north side of Quonset Glacier, in the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Raymond R. Spiers, cook with the Byrd Station winter party, 1959. 85°24′S 124°48′W  /  85.400°S 124.800°W  / -85.400; -124.800 . A cone-shaped nunatak, the highest in a cluster of nunataks close west of Mount Brecher, lying at the north flank of Quonset Glacier in the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Carl J. Garczynski, meteorologist, Byrd Station winter party, 1961. 85°23′S 124°40′W  /  85.383°S 124.667°W  / -85.383; -124.667 . A nunatak standing 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northwest of Mount Brecher in northern Wisconsin Range, Horlick Mountains. Named by US-ACAN for Travis L. Baker, meteorologist, Byrd Station winter party, 1961. 85°24′S 124°22′W  /  85.400°S 124.367°W  / -85.400; -124.367 . A jagged rock mountain, 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) high, standing immediately west of Mount LeSchack in northern Wisconsin Range, Horlick Mountains. Named by US-ACAN for Henry H. Brecher,

8774-596: The north side of Wisconsin Plateau in the Horlick Mountains. Named by US-ACAN for Gunter Faure , leader of the Ohio State University geological party to the Horlick Mountains, 1964-65. 85°39′S 128°45′W  /  85.650°S 128.750°W  / -85.650; -128.750 . A sharp peak, 2,430 metres (7,970 ft) high, on the spur descending the north slope of Wisconsin Range between Faure Peak and Lentz Buttress. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Robert E. Walters, United States Navy,

8881-750: The north side of Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Keith E. Feeley, construction mechanic, Byrd Station winter party, 1959. 85°28′S 125°52′W  /  85.467°S 125.867°W  / -85.467; -125.867 . A peak over 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high, standing 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northwest of Koopman Peak on the north side of Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Joseph D. Sheets, journalist on United States Navy OpDFrz 1965, 1966 and 1967. 85°31′S 125°38′W  /  85.517°S 125.633°W  / -85.517; -125.633 . A steep bluff 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) south of Koopman Peak, rising over 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) high and forming

8988-445: The north side of Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Kenneth E. Koopman, Navy yeoman on Operation Deep Freeze 1965, 1966 and 1967. 85°29′S 124°23′W  /  85.483°S 124.383°W  / -85.483; -124.383 . A projecting buttress rock or spur, forming the south portal to Perkins Canyon along the north side of the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Peter P. Ruseski (MC) United States Navy, of

9095-419: The northeast part of Ford Nunataks. Named by US-ACAN for Edward A. Martens, radioman with the winter party at Byrd Station in 1960 and McMurdo Station in 1965. 85°41′S 130°15′W  /  85.683°S 130.250°W  / -85.683; -130.250 . A sharp peak, 3,085 metres (10,121 ft) high, surmounting a ridge 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) west-northwest of Mount Minshew in

9202-445: The northwest extremity of the elevated plateau portion of the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Velon H. Minshew, geologist with the Ohio State University geologic party to the Horlick Mountains, 1964-65. 85°42′S 128°35′W  /  85.700°S 128.583°W  / -85.700; -128.583 . A peak, 3,940 metres (12,930 ft) high, standing 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km; 4.0 mi) east of Mount Minshew along

9309-469: The onshore and offshore geologic framework; assess mineral resources and develop techniques for their discovery; assess water resources and develop an understanding of the impact of human activities and natural phenomena on hydrologic systems; assess links between biodiversity, habitat condition, ecosystem processes and health; and develop new technologies for collection and interpretation of earth science data. The USGS National Geomagnetism Program monitors

9416-428: The primary topographic quadrangle for the state of Alaska (and only for that particular state). Nearly 3,000 maps cover 97% of the state. The United States remains virtually the only developed country in the world without a standardized civilian topographic map series in the standard 1:25,000 or 1:50,000 metric scales, making coordination difficult in border regions (the U.S. military does issue 1:50,000 scale topo maps of

9523-566: The range includes Mount Soyat, Mickler Spur and Mount Sweatt between Norfolk Glacier and Hueneme Glacier , another tributary of Reedy Glacier. It includes Griffith Peak, Mount Frontz and Mount Vito to the north of Hueneme Glacier. The central portion of the range extends from west to east and includes Brinton Nunatak, the Ford Nunataks, Martens Peak, Murtaugh Peak, Mount Miashew, Faure Peak, Walters Peak and Lentz Buttress. The Gierloff Nunataks, McCrilliss Nunatak and Gibbon Nunatak are north of

9630-425: The ridge between Hueneme and Norfolk Glaciers, in the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for Earl E. Sweatt, construction electrician, Byrd Station winter party, 1961. 85°47′S 131°31′W  /  85.783°S 131.517°W  / -85.783; -131.517 . A rock peak rising over 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high in western Wisconsin Range, standing at the north side of the mouth of Hueneme Glacier at

9737-645: The south and Alaska Canyon from the north. The Reedy Glacier continues north past the Ford Nunataks to the east and Abbey Nunatak and Penrod Nunatak to the west. Near its termination it is joined from the east by the Horlick Ice Stream just after that has joined the Davisville Glacier, which has been joined by the Quonset Glacier from the east further upstream. The Reedy Glacier glacier flows northwest past Racine Nunatak and Cohen Nunatak to

9844-494: The south end of the Wisconsin Plateau. The name was proposed by John H. Mercer, USARP geologist to these mountains, 1964-65, because the surface of the spur is covered by a network of unsorted polygons. 85°59′S 126°36′W  /  85.983°S 126.600°W  / -85.983; -126.600 . A narrow, steep-cliffed rock spur, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long,.descending from southern Wisconsin Plateau between Red Spur and Polygon Spur and terminating at

9951-530: The south part of Metavolcanic Mountain, just east of Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Tommy S. Morales, radioman at Byrd Station in 1962. 86°13′S 126°15′W  /  86.217°S 126.250°W  / -86.217; -126.250 A large flat-topped mountain, 2,480 metres (8,140 ft) high located 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) north of Hatcher Bluffs on the east side of Reedy Glacier. Composed of dark metavolcanic rock, this mountain contrasts with lighter-colored granites elsewhere along

10058-679: The south side of the mouth of McCarthy Glacier, where the latter enters Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for John W. Gratton, construction mechanic at Byrd Station in 1962. 85°45′S 134°06′W  /  85.750°S 134.100°W  / -85.750; -134.100 . A ridge-like nunatak located just south of the mouth of Kansas Glacier where it enters Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Donald D. Blubaugh, construction mechanic, Byrd Station winter party, 1957. 85°37′S 134°43′W  /  85.617°S 134.717°W  / -85.617; -134.717 . A nunatak 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southeast of Penrod Nunatak, lying at

10165-479: The south wall of Hueneme Glacier in western Wisconsin Range and terminating at Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Raymond R. Mickler, equipment operator, a member of the winter parties at Byrd Station in 1961 and McMurdo Station in 1964. 85°47′S 129°39′W  /  85.783°S 129.650°W  / -85.783; -129.650 . A mountain, 2,540 metres (8,330 ft) high, standing 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) northeast of Mount Soyat on

10272-627: The staff of the Commander, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, in Operation Deep Freeze 1966 and 1967. United States Geological Survey The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ), founded as the Geological Survey , is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior whose work spans the disciplines of biology , geography , geology , and hydrology . The agency was founded on March 3, 1879, to study

10379-411: The upland surface area of the Wisconsin Range, Horlick Mountains. To the east and southeast, the plateau descends gradually and with only minor ice escarpments to merge with the interior ice plateau. To the north and west, the plateau displays abrupt escarpments and cliffs of over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in association with

10486-648: The volume of ice flow. After entering the Ross Ice Shelf the Reedy Glacier becomes the Mercer Ice Stream. In the past it has been at least 250 metres (820 ft) thicker than at present. During the last 290 Ma the glacier has expanded at least six times, each time less than before, with the last expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum, when the ice sheet was up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) thicker than today. The glacier flows into

10593-474: The west before entering the Ross Ice Shelf. Except where otherwise stated, the features of the Reedy Glacier glacier region, described below, were mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960–64. Left (west) tributaries are, from south to north: 86°04′S 131°25′W  /  86.067°S 131.417°W  / -86.067; -131.417 , A glacier flowing north from Michigan Plateau along

10700-703: The west side of Caloplaca Hills to enter the Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Grosenvar S. Wotkyns, hospital corpsman at Byrd Station in 1962. 86°01′S 131°48′W  /  86.017°S 131.800°W  / -86.017; -131.800 . A glacier at the south side of Quartz Hills , flowing east from Watson Escarpment into Reedy Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Richard D. Gardiner, construction electrician at Byrd Station in 1962. 85°53′S 133°05′W  /  85.883°S 133.083°W  / -85.883; -133.083 . A tributary glacier, 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) long, draining northeast from Michigan Plateau to enter Reedy Glacier between

10807-763: The west side of Davisville Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Thomas L. Gibbon, construction driver Byrd Station winter party, 1959. 85°25′S 127°02′W  /  85.417°S 127.033°W  / -85.417; -127.033 . A rock 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) northwest of Feeley Peak, between Davisville and Quonset Glaciers on the north side of Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for John T. Saunders, electronics technician, Byrd Station winter party, 1960. 85°26′S 126°26′W  /  85.433°S 126.433°W  / -85.433; -126.433 . A peak, 1,730 metres (5,680 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) northwest of Sheets Peak, between Davisville and Quonset Glaciers on

10914-420: The west side of Haworth Mesa, in the Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN after Commander Edmund E. Goodwin, Public Affairs Officer on the staff of the Commander, United States Naval Support Force, Antarctica, during Operation Deep Freeze 1965 and 1966. 85°54′S 128°18′W  /  85.900°S 128.300°W  / -85.900; -128.300 . An ice-capped mesa with steep rock walls whose summit area

11021-416: The west side of Reedy Glacier just north of the mouth of Kansas Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and USN air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Gordon Abbey, radioman with the Byrd Station winter party, 1957. 85°35′S 134°53′W  /  85.583°S 134.883°W  / -85.583; -134.883 . A nunatak 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northwest of Abbey Nunatak, lying at

11128-494: The west side of Reedy Glacier just north of the mouth of Kansas Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Jack R. Penrod, builder with the Byrd Station winter party, 1957. 85°33′S 135°23′W  /  85.550°S 135.383°W  / -85.550; -135.383 . An isolated peak 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west of the lower part of Reedy Glacier and 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) northwest of Abbey Nunatak. Named by US-ACAN for Lawrence G. Langford, Jr.,

11235-489: The western Wisconsin Range. Named by US-ACAN for John T. McNaughton , Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, a member of the Antarctic Policy Group from 1965 until his death in 1967. 85°56′S 129°43′W  /  85.933°S 129.717°W  / -85.933; -129.717 . A prominent mountain in western Wisconsin Range, 2,840 metres (9,320 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) southeast of Mount Soyat along

11342-840: Was proposed by John H. Mercer, USARP geologist to this area in 1964-65, because the surface of a flat platform on this spur is weathered bright red. 85°54′S 127°03′W  /  85.900°S 127.050°W  / -85.900; -127.050 . An ice-free, wedge-shaped mountain in the western Wisconsin Range, 2,620 metres (8,600 ft) high, surmounting the east wall of Olentangy Glacier just east of Haworth Mesa. Named by US-ACAN for Commander Donnie W. Huckaby, maintenance officer at McMurdo Station for United States Navy Squadron VX-6 during 1962-63 and 1963-64. 85°58′S 128°12′W  /  85.967°S 128.200°W  / -85.967; -128.200 . A large mountain rising over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) high, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) south of Haworth Mesa in

11449-566: Was proposed by the Ohio State University geological party to the Horlick Mountains , 1964-65. The Olentangy River flows through the University campus. 85°53′S 130°18′W  /  85.883°S 130.300°W  / -85.883; -130.300 . A glacier, 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) long, draining westward from Wisconsin Range to enter Reedy Glacier between Mount Soyat and Mount Bolton . Named by US-ACAN after Norfolk, VA, location of Detachment Three,

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