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38-564: Elevations bordering the Beardmore Glacier , at the western extremity of these mountains, were observed by the British expeditions led by Ernest Shackleton (1907–09) and Robert Falcon Scott (1910-13), but the mountains as a whole were mapped by several American expeditions led by Richard Evelyn Byrd (1930s and 1940s), and United States Antarctic Program (USARP) and New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP) expeditions from

76-420: A glacier after her and it is possible that is what Shackleton actually did. In 2016, the first beetle fossils, in the form of wing-cases ( elytra ) of the ground beetle Antarctotrechus , around 14 to 20 million years old, were found in sediments adjacent to the glacier. Buckley Island separates northern and southern streams at the head of Beardmore Glacier. The Wild Icefalls cross the northern stream, to

114-640: A group of ragged foothills rising to a height of 4,000 feet. "Viewed from northward the Queen Maud Range presents a vast array of low-lying peaks which increase progressively in height to the southward where, about 15 miles from the shelf ice, stand great tabular mountain masses, 13,000 feet high, having a sharply defined fault-line scarp on the northern side. The northern foothills are dark-colored gneisses and schists with veins of granite and quartz. These foothills show marked glacierization with well-developed cirques and aretes. The high tabular mountains of

152-632: A vessel on which Lt. Jameson B. Adams of BrAE had served. The map of the BrAE (1910–13) and some subsequent maps transpose the positions of Berwick Glacier and Swinford Glacier. The latter lies 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) south westward. The original appellation (BrAE, 1907–09) of Berwick Glacier is the one recommended. Not: Swinford Glacier. 84°30′S 165°48′E  /  84.500°S 165.800°E  / -84.500; 165.800 . A glacier between Martin Ridge and Adams Mountains in

190-866: Is a major mountain range about 100 nautical miles (190 km; 120 mi) long, bordering the entire western side of Beardmore Glacier from the Polar Plateau to the Ross Ice Shelf . The range is in the Transantarctic Mountains System, and is located in the Ross Dependency region of Antarctica . The Queen Alexandra Range was discovered on the journey toward the South Pole by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1907–09 (BrAE), and

228-776: Is one of the largest valley glaciers in the world, being 200 km (125 mi) long and having a width of 40 km (25 mi). It descends about 2,200 m (7,200 ft) from the Antarctic Plateau to the Ross Ice Shelf and is bordered by the Commonwealth Range of the Queen Maud Mountains on the eastern side and the Queen Alexandra Range of the Central Transantarctic Mountains on

266-541: The British Antarctic Expedition, 1907–09 , who first penetrated this region. 84°55′S 162°25′E  /  84.917°S 162.417°E  / -84.917; 162.417 . The extensive icefalls at the head of Beardmore Glacier, between Mount Wild and Mount Buckley . Named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) (1961–62) in association with nearby Mount Wild. Tributaries from

304-664: The Dominion Range and the Supporters Range into Beardmore Glacier. Discovered by the BrAE (1907–09) and named for Hugh Robert Mill , British geographer and Antarctic historian. The Mill Glacier flowing from the southeast converges with the Beardmore Glacier flowing from the southwest below Plunket Point , the northernmost extreme of the Meyer Desert . The Mill Glacier is fed from the right by

342-753: The Law Glacier in the Bowden Névé which feeds the Lennox-King Glacier . This glacier bounds the northwest part of the range, and separates it from the Holland Range to the north. The northern tip of the range extends to the Ross Ice Shelf between the Lennox King Glaciers and Beardmore Glacier. Download coordinates as: Mountains and peaks over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) high include: Major features that are

380-490: The 1950s through the 1970s. The Sailing Directions for Antarctica (1960) describes the Queen Maud Range as follows: "From the Beardmore Glacier the horst trends east-southeastward an undetermined distance. The Prince Olaf Mountains stretch from the Beardmore Glacier to the Liv Glacier. Near 84°S 175°E  /  84°S 175°E  / -84; 175 a large glacier trends southward. Eastward of 175°E.

418-725: The BrAE (1907–09) and named by Shackleton for his eldest son, Raymond Swinford. The map of the BrAE (1910–13) and some subsequent maps transpose the positions of Swinford Glacier and Berwick Glacier. The latter lies 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) northeastward. The original appellation (BrAE, 1907–09) of Swinford Glacier is the one recommended. Not: Berwick Glacier. 84°36′S 165°45′E  /  84.600°S 165.750°E  / -84.600; 165.750 . A tributary glacier, 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi) long, flowing southeast between Marshall Mountains and Adams Mountains to enter Beardmore Glacier at Willey Point . Named by BrAE (1907–09) after HMS Berwick ,

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456-780: The BrAE (1907–09) who named it for Sir John Scott Keltie , Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1915. 84°41′S 170°45′E  /  84.683°S 170.750°E  / -84.683; 170.750 . A narrow, deeply entrenched glacier just south of Mount Deakin in the Commonwealth Range, flowing west into Beardmore Glacier. Named by US-AC AN for Kenneth J. Osicki, USARP biologist at McMurdo Station, 1963. 84°27′S 172°40′E  /  84.450°S 172.667°E  / -84.450; 172.667 . A valley glacier, 13 nautical miles (24 km; 15 mi) long, flowing north through

494-622: The BrAE (1910–13), for Apsley Cherry-Garrard , zoologist with the expedition. The name has been amended on the recommendation of the NZGSAE (1961–62) to be more descriptive of the feature. Not: Cherry Glacier. 84°12′S 169°45′E  /  84.200°S 169.750°E  / -84.200; 169.750 . A glacier in the Queen Alexandra Range, 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long, flowing northeast to enter Beardmore Glacier just north of The Cloudmaker . Named by

532-506: The Commonwealth Range to enter the east side of Beardmore Glacier at a point 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) north of Mount Donaldson. Named by US-ACAN for Lt. Cdr. Emmert E. Ludeman, USN, officer in charge at the Naval Air Facility, McMurdo Sound, 1958. 83°31′S 170°58′E  /  83.517°S 170.967°E  / -83.517; 170.967 . A low snow-filled pass between Cape Allen and Mount Hope at

570-781: The Mill Stream Glacier, which in turn is fed by the Burgess Glacier. Above this point on the Mill Glacier are the Scott Icefalls. 84°53′S 170°20′E  /  84.883°S 170.333°E  / -84.883; 170.333 . A large glacier, 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) long, draining from Pain Névé southwest around the southern extremity of Commonwealth Range, and then northwest to enter Beardmore Glacier at Ranfurly Point. Discovered by

608-434: The NZGSAE (1961–62) for Petty Officer Edgar Evans , a member of Scott's South Pole Party of the BrAE (1910-13), who died near here. 83°42′S 170°05′E  /  83.700°S 170.083°E  / -83.700; 170.083 . A small glacier descending the east slopes of Queen Alexandra Range just north of Owen Hills to enter the west side of Beardmore Glacier. Discovered by the BrAE (1907–09) and named for one of

646-416: The NZGSAE (1961–62) for Ronald Hewson, surveyor with the expedition. 84°07′S 169°35′E  /  84.117°S 169.583°E  / -84.117; 169.583 A glacier in Queen Alexandra Range, draining eastward from the névé between Mount Lockwood and Mount Kirkpatrick and entering Beardmore Glacier soouth of Bell Bluff . It appears that BrAE (1910–13) applied the name "Garrard Glacier" to

684-427: The Queen Alexandra Range to enter Beardmore Glacier at Sirohi Point . Discovered by BrAE (1907–09) and named for the mother of Dr. Eric Marshall , a member of Shackleton's South Polar Party. 83°47′S 170°00′E  /  83.783°S 170.000°E  / -83.783; 170.000 . A tributary glacier just south of Owen Hills , flowing east from the Queen Alexandra Range into Beardmore Glacier. Named by

722-505: The Queen Alexandra Range, draining south into Berwick Glacier. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Construction Electrician P.R. Moody, United States Navy , at McMurdo Station , winter 1963. 84°29′S 167°10′E  /  84.483°S 167.167°E  / -84.483; 167.167 . A glacier 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long in Queen Alexandra Range, draining south from

760-712: The Ross Ice Shelf include These glaciers in turn are generally fed by smaller valley glaciers. Mountain groups or ranges between Beardmore Glacier and Shackleton Glacier include: Mountain groups or ranges between Shackleton Glacier and Liv Glacier include: Mountain groups or ranges between Liv Glacier and Amundsen Glacier include: Mountain groups or ranges between Amundsen Glacier and Scott Glacier include: Mountain groups or ranges between Scott Glacier and Reedy Glacier include: Beardmore Glacier The Beardmore Glacier in Antarctica

798-599: The South Pole, he established the first proven route towards the pole and, in doing so, became the first person to set foot upon the polar plateau. In 1911–1912, Captain Scott and his Terra Nova Expedition team reached the South Pole by similarly climbing the Beardmore. However, they reached the pole a month after Roald Amundsen and his team , who had chosen a route up the previously unknown Axel Heiberg Glacier . It

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836-474: The escarpment is fronted for about 50 miles by high gneissic foothills which are fronted by an expansive piedmont inundating the lower heights. In about 84°30′S 175°00′W  /  84.500°S 175.000°W  / -84.500; -175.000 the Shackleton Glacier (Wade Glacier), a vast straight-walled glacier about 12 miles wide, extends southward to the polar plateau. "At this point

874-507: The feature which had been named Bingley Glacier by Shackleton in 1908. The area was surveyed by NZGSAE (1961–62), who retained Bingley Glacier on the basis of priority and reapplied the name Garrard Glacier to this previously unnamed feature. Named for Apsley Cherry-Garrard , zoologist with BrAE (1910-13). 83°58′S 170°00′E  /  83.967°S 170.000°E  / -83.967; 170.000 . A tributary glacier, 13 nautical miles (24 km; 15 mi) long, flowing east from

912-468: The horst, are regular and even in outline, presenting broad domes with precipitous fronts to the north showing the granite structure capped by a series of horizontally bedded sandstone with intruded dolerite sills." The Queen Maud Mountains are crossed by several major glaciers that flow from the Antarctic Plateau to the Ross Ice Shelf, and divide the mountains. Other glaciers with outlets on

950-553: The left (northwest, Queen Alexandra Range) from west to east include Table Bay and Swinford Glacier near the head. In the central section left tributaries are Berwick Glacier, fed from the left by Moody Glacier, Bingley Glacier, Cherry Icefall, Hewson Glacier and Garrard Glacier. In the lower section the left tributaries include Alice Glacier, Evans Glacier and Socks Glacier. 84°47′S 163°30′E  /  84.783°S 163.500°E  / -84.783; 163.500 . A small glacier between Mount Augusta and Mount Holloway in

988-559: The mouth of Beardmore Glacier. The point forms the west side of the south approach to The Gateway. Discovered by the BrAE (1907–09) and named for Robert Calder Allen of the Franklin Relief Expedition to the Arctic. 83°43′S 172°37′E  /  83.717°S 172.617°E  / -83.717; 172.617 . Two rock nunataks 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) north-north-west of Airdrop Peak at

1026-672: The north end of Ebony Ridge . The nunataks lie at the E side of the terminus of Beardmore Glacier and mark the northern termination of the Commonwealth Range at Ross Ice Shelf. The descriptive name was recommended to US-ACAN by John Gunner of the Ohio State University Institute of Polar Studies, who, with Henry H. Brecher, measured a geological section here on Jan. 16, 1970. Queen Alexandra Range The Queen Alexandra Range ( 84°00′S 168°00′E  /  84.000°S 168.000°E  / -84.000; 168.000  ( Queen Alexandra Range ) )

1064-568: The northeast extremity of Queen Alexandra Range, affording passage from Ross Ice Shelf to the mouth of Beardmore Glacier westward of Mount Hope. Discovered by the Southern Polar Party of the BrAE (1907–09) and so named because the pass was used to enter Beardmore Glacier. Not: The Gap. 83°33′S 171°00′E  /  83.550°S 171.000°E  / -83.550; 171.000 . A bare rock point located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) southwest of Mount Hope, near

1102-661: The ponies taken with the South Pole Party. Socks, the last pony to survive the journey, fell into a crevasse on Dec. 7, 1908, on Beardmore Glacier near Socks Glacier. Tributaries from the right (southeast, Queen Maud Mountains), just below the head of the Beardmore Glacier, are the large Mill Glacier and the large Keltie Glacier, then the smaller Osicki Glacier and Ludeman Glacier. 85°10′S 168°30′E  /  85.167°S 168.500°E  / -85.167; 168.500 . A tributary glacier, 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) wide, flowing northwest between

1140-493: The scarp appears broken by a transverse fault which displaces the horst northward to Mount Wade (Mount Bush), a beacon sandstone massif rising to at least 14,000 feet above sea level, dominating the eastern flank of this remarkable valley glacier. Eastward of Mount Wade stand the Fisher Mountains, which form the western flank of the Liv Glacier. Bush Mountains, lying just eastward of the mouth of Shackleton Glacier, are

1178-571: The slopes of Mount Kirkpatrick , Mount Dickerson and Barnes Peak and entering Beardmore Glacier just north of Adams Mountains . Named by E.H. Shackleton (BrAE, 1907–09) after Bingley , England, the ancestral home of the Shackleton family. 84°27′S 167°40′E  /  84.450°S 167.667°E  / -84.450; 167.667 . A small, steep icefall on the south side, of Barnes Peak in Queen Alexandra Range, descending toward Beardmore Glacier. Originally named "Cherry Glacier" by

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1216-439: The south part of Queen Alexandra Range draining eastward into Beardmore Glacier at Lizard Point. Evidently named by the Southern Polar Party of the BrAE (1910–13) because of its appearance. The term "Bay" is obviously a misnomer, but it has been retained because of uniform usage for over fifty years. 84°48′S 163°40′E  /  84.800°S 163.667°E  / -84.800; 163.667 . A low morainic point along

1254-550: The theory of continental drift . The Queen Alexandra Range is bounded by the Beardmore Glacier along its southeast edge, which divides it from the Commonwealth Range of the Queen Maud Mountains to the east. The west of the range is bounded by the Antarctic Plateau in the south. Further north it is bounded by the Walcott Névé to the east, which separates the range from the Colbert Hills . The Walcott Névé joins

1292-456: The west of Skaar Ridge and Buckley Island. The Shackleton Icefalls extend across the southern stream, to the south of Mount Darwin and Buckley Island. 85°08′S 164°00′E  /  85.133°S 164.000°E  / -85.133; 164.000 . Extensive icefalls of the upper Beardmore Glacier, southward of Mount Darwin and Mount Mills. Named by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 (BrAE) for Sir Ernest Shackleton, leader of

1330-426: The west side of upper Beardmore Glacier, marking the south side of the entrance to glacier-filled Table Bay. Named by the BrAE, 1910-13. 84°45′S 164°10′E  /  84.750°S 164.167°E  / -84.750; 164.167 . A tributary glacier, 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) long, flowing southeast between Mount Holloway and Marshall Mountains to enter Beardmore Glacier. Discovered by

1368-677: The western. Its mouth is east of the Lennox-King Glacier . It is northwest of the Ramsey Glacier . The glacier is one of the main passages through the Transantarctic Mountains to the great polar plateau beyond, and was one of the early routes to the South Pole despite its steep upward incline. The glacier was discovered and climbed by Ernest Shackleton during his Nimrod Expedition of 1908. Although Shackleton turned back at latitude 88° 23' S, just 97.5 nautical miles (180.6 km; 112.2 mi) from

1406-497: Was named by Ernest Shackleton for Queen Alexandra , Queen of the United Kingdom, 1901-10. Shackleton and his men, and a later expedition headed by Robert Falcon Scott , both collected rock samples from the range that contained fossils . The discovery that multicellular life forms had lived so close to the South Pole was an additional piece of evidence that accompanied the publication (in 1910 and independently in 1912) of

1444-567: Was on the way back to the Terra Nova expedition's base camp after they left the South Pole that Edgar Evans , one of the members of Scott's chosen team to go on to the final trek to the South Pole, died around the foot of Beardmore Glacier on February 17, 1912. Beardmore Glacier was named by Shackleton after Sir William Beardmore , a Scottish industrialist and expedition sponsor. However, Ranulph Fiennes writes that Shackleton had previously told Beardmore's wife, Elspeth, that he would name

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