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22-538: The main theory considers Tatar Murza Chet , baptized as Zachary, to be the founder of the Ipatievsky Monastery. The legend says that he was miraculously cured from a disease by a vision of the Virgin Mary and St. Philip and St. Hypatius, and decided to build the monastery as a sign of gratitude. Some historians state that the monastery was founded in 1275 by Yaroslavich , but declined together with

44-562: A Mongol force under Burundai and Nogai Khan entered Galicia and Volhynia and offered an ultimatum: Daniel was to destroy his fortifications or Burundai would assault the towns. Daniel complied and pulled down the city walls. In the last years of his reign, Daniel engaged in dynastic politics, marrying a son and a daughter to the offspring of Mindaugas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and acquiring territorial concessions in Poland from

66-464: A related people, the Yatvingians . The following year, with the advancing Mongols, Michael , the grand prince of Kiev, who was married to Daniel's sister, quickly left Kiev and petitioned Daniel for help. Daniel dispatched his voivode , Dmytro, to defend the city. However, after a long siege, its walls were breached and, despite fierce fighting within the city, Kiev fell on 6 December 1240 and

88-486: The Bug River . However, Daniel wanted more than recognition, and commented bitterly that he expected an army when he received the crown. From then on, Daniel was known as rex Russiae and sometimes by the title korol . The following year, Daniel repelled Mongol assaults led by Orda 's son, Kuremsa , on Ponyzia and Volhynia and dispatched an expedition with the aim of taking Kiev. Despite initial successes, in 1259,

110-823: The Hypatian Codex . During the Time of Troubles in Russia , the Ipatiev Monastery was occupied by the supporters of False Dmitriy II in the spring of 1609. In September of that same year, the monastery was captured by the Muscovite army after a long siege . On March 14, 1613, the Zemsky Sobor announced that Mikhail Romanov , who was in this monastery at the time, would be the Russian tsar . Most of

132-542: The Russian Orthodox Church in 1991, despite strong opposition from museum officials. On December 30, 2004, the government of Russia signed an order to transfer the monastery to the Kostroma Diocese. In September 2002, one of the most prominent museum exhibits, the large wooden church (1628) from Spas-Vezhi village, was destroyed by fire. Chet (murza) Chet (baptized as Zachary)

154-545: The Apostle and hieromartyr Hypatius of Gangra , which resulted in his healing from sickness. In gratitude for his healing, Hypatian Monastery was established there. According to the Russian historian Stepan Veselovsky (1876-1952), the legend appeared only at the end of the 16th century and has serious chronological issues. The historian claims that the Zachary clan is a native Kostroma clan. In his opinion Zachary lived in

176-669: The Bold . In 1221, Daniel re-established his rule over Volhynia, where the boyars and populace had reaffirmed their loyalty to his dynasty. In 1234, he defeated Alexander Vsevolodovich, taking the Duchy of Belz . By 1238, he had defeated former Dobrzyń Knights at Drohiczyn (Dorohochyn), and regained most of Galicia, including the capital. While the Prussians were under pressure from the Teutonic Order , Daniel attempted to conquer

198-606: The Kostroma Principality after his death. In this case, the monastery could be not entirely built but only revived by Murza Chet. In 1435, Vasily II concluded a peace with his cousin Vasily Kosoy there. At that time, the cloister was a notable centre of learning. It was here that Nikolay Karamzin discovered a set of three 14th-century chronicles , including the Primary Chronicle , now known as

220-505: The form of a crusade . In return for papal assistance, Daniel offered to place his lands under the ecclesiastical authority of Rome , a pledge never realised. Wooed by the prospect of extending his authority, the Pope encouraged Daniel's resistance to the Mongols and his Western orientation, and in 1253, had a papal representative crown Daniel as king at Dorohochyn, present-day Drohiczyn on

242-598: The former for his son, and fortified many others. He appointed officials to protect the peasantry from aristocratic exploitation and formed peasant-based heavy infantry units. Yet Daniel's successes and his failed defense of Kiev attracted the further attention of the Mongols. In 1246, he was summoned to the capital of the Golden Horde at Sarai on the Volga River and was forced to accept Mongol overlordship. According to Ukrainian historian Orest Subtelny , Daniel

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264-521: The latter. Another daughter of his, Ustynia, was married to Andrey Yaroslavich of Vladimir-Suzdal . He also arranged for the marriage of his son Roman to Gertrude, the Babenberg heiress, but was unsuccessful in his bid to have him placed on the ducal throne of Austria . By his death in 1264, Daniel had reconstructed and expanded the territories held by his father, held off the expansionist threats of Poland and Hungary, minimized Mongol influence in

286-635: The monastery buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. The Trinity Cathedral is famous for its elaborately painted interior . The church of the Nativity of the Mother of God was rebuilt by the celebrated Konstantin Thon at the request of Tsar Nicholas I to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the House of Romanov. The Soviet authorities demolished it in 1932, but it was rebuilt in 2013. The main entrance from

308-561: The principalities of Galicia and Volhynia in 1199. After his death in 1205, the boyars of Galicia forced the four-year-old Daniel into exile with his mother Anna of Byzantium and brother Vasylko Romanovich . After the boyars proclaimed one of their own as prince, the Poles and Hungarians invaded the principality, ostensibly to support the claims of young Daniel and Vasylko, and divided it between themselves. In 1219, he renounced his claims to Galicia in favor of his father-in-law, Mstislav

330-563: The riverside was also designed by Konstantin Thon. A private house of Mikhail Romanov was restored on the orders of Tsar Alexander II , though the authenticity of the reconstruction was questioned by Konstantin Pobedonostsev . The Ipatiev Monastery was disbanded after the October Revolution in 1917. It has been a part of the historical and architectural preservation , but recently the authorities decided to return it to

352-489: The ruler of Volhynia and retained the Galician title for himself, though he continued to exercise real power in both places. Daniel's domestic policies focused on stability and economic growth. During his rule, German, Polish, and Rus' merchants and artisans were invited into Galicia, and numbers of Armenians and Jews established themselves in the towns and cities. Daniel founded the towns of Lviv (1256) and Kholm , naming

374-479: The second half of the 13th century and had a son named Aleksandr (d. 1304). The first representative of the family who served Moscow was a grandchild of Zachary, Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Zerno. The Hypatian Monastery was founded at the end of the 13th century and originally was a hereditary monastery located in Zachary's estates. An alternative version of Russian origin was presented by another Russian historian, Maksim Yemelyanov-Lukyanchikov. He believes that Zachary Chet

396-547: Was a murza of the Golden Horde and is a legendary progenitor of a number of Russian families, including Godunov , Saburov , Zernov , and Veliaminov . He also was a founder of the Ipatievsky Monastery . According to a legend, Chet received estates near Kostroma in 1330 during the reign of Ivan I of Moscow and was baptized as Zachary. He also had a vision of the Virgin Mary with prestanding Philip

418-711: Was an ancient boyar clan that served Daniel of Galicia and appeared in Kostroma at the end of the 13th century. Presumably he was the one who brought the Hypatian Codex , which later was found in the Hypatian Monastery. Zachary and Aleksandr were both buried in the Hypatian Monastery. Daniel of Galicia Daniel Romanovich (1201–1264) was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264). Daniel's father, Roman Mstislavich , united

440-660: Was handed a cup of fermented mare's milk by the Mongol khan, Batu , and told to get used to it, as "you are one of ours now". They exchanged hostages whereby 100 families of Keraites were re-settled in Carpathian Galicia. According to James Chambers, the following dialogue took place between Batu and Daniel of Galicia: "At a banquet Batu asked if he drank kumiz like the Mongols and Daniel answered: 'Until now I did not, but now I do as you command and I drink it'. To which Batu replied: 'You are now one of ours,' and since he

462-439: Was largely destroyed. A year later, the Mongols passed through Galicia and Volhynia while campaigning against the Poles and Hungarians, destroying Galicia in the process. On 17 August 1245, Daniel defeated a combined force of the prince of Chernigov , disaffected boyars, and Hungarian and Polish elements at Yaroslav , and finally took the remainder of Galicia, thus reconstituting his father's holdings. He made his brother Vasylko

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484-550: Was more used to it ordered that Daniel be given a goblet of wine." This was due to Daniel's notorious love of wine. While formally accepting the Mongols as overlords, and supplying them with soldiers as required, Daniel built his foreign policy around opposition to the Golden Horde. He established cordial relations with the rulers of the Kingdom of Poland and Kingdom of Hungary , and requested aid from Pope Innocent IV in

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