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14-493: (Redirected from Hypermodern ) [REDACTED] Look up hypermodernism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hypermodernism may refer to: Hypermodernism (chess) , a chess strategy which advocates controlling the center of the board with distant pieces rather than pawns Hypermodernism (art) , a cultural, artistic, literary and architectural movement Hypermodernity ,

28-493: A deepening or intensification of modernity Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hypermodernism . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypermodernism&oldid=1178578334 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

42-666: A lesser degree the English Opening . Openings such as 1.a3 do not constitute hypermodern openings since, although they delay the occupation of the centre with pawns, they also delay piece development . Howard Staunton and many of his 19th-century contemporaries understood various ideas associated with hypermodernism. The Hypermodern school of chess theory came to prominence in the 1920s. Leading members were Aron Nimzowitsch , Richard Réti , Savielly Tartakower , Gyula Breyer , Efim Bogoljubov , and Ernst Grünfeld , who all came from Central Europe . They felt that chess

56-404: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hypermodernism (chess) The Hypermodernists demonstrated their new ideas with games and victories. Aron Nimzowitsch , considered the founder and leading practitioner of hypermodernism, showed that games could be won through indirect control of the centre , breaking with Tarrasch's view that

70-460: Is solid and their piece coordination is good; White's pawn exchange in the center has allowed Black equal space and freed the f8-bishop. After 5...Be7 6.Be2 0-0 7.0-0 c6 8.Re1 (or 8.Be3), White stands slightly better. The Janowski Variation, 3.Nc3 Bf5, was first introduced by Dawid Janowski in the 1920s. The idea behind it is that 3...Bf5 prevents White from immediately grabbing space with 4.e4. The variation did not gain much popularity until

84-474: The pawn chain , overprotection , undermining , prophylaxis , restraint, rook on the seventh rank , knight outposts , the dynamics of the isolated queen's pawn , and other areas of chess. Although none of the primary exponents of the Hypermodern school ever achieved the title of World Chess Champion , they were among the world's strongest players. World Champion Alexander Alekhine

98-824: The Old Indian to avoid certain anti-King's Indian systems, such as the Sämisch and Averbakh Variations. The opening is classified in the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings with the codes A53–A55. The Main line, also known as the Ukrainian Variation, arises after 3.Nc3 e5 4.Nf3 Nbd7 5.e4; White can also play 4.dxe5 dxe5 5.Qxd8+, but despite the displacement of Black's king, this has long been known to offer no advantage, e.g. 5...Kxd8 6.Nf3 Nfd7 ! , with Black often following up with some combination of ...c6, ...Kd8–c7, ...a5, ...Na6, and ...f6. Black's position

112-417: The centre must be occupied by pawns . Nimzowitsch advocated controlling the centre with distant pieces rather than with pawns, thus inviting the opponent to occupy the centre with pawns, which can then become targets of attack. This was part of the hypermodern framework, which Nimzowitsch encapsulated in his book My System , which greatly influenced many chess players. It introduced and formalised concepts of

126-546: The moves: This opening is distinguished from the King's Indian Defense in that Black develops their king's bishop on e7 rather than by fianchetto on g7. Mikhail Chigorin pioneered this defense late in his career. The Old Indian is considered sound, though developing the bishop at e7 is less active than the fianchetto, and it has never attained the popularity of the King's Indian. Some King's Indian players will use

140-756: Was associated with hypermodernism, but his style was more of a blend with the Classical school. In practice, hypermodernism has not replaced the classical theory of Steinitz and Tarrasch. Instead, modern chess textbooks describe hypermodernism as an addition, or extension, to classical theory. Hypermodern openings include the Réti Opening , King's Indian Defence , Queen's Indian Defence , Nimzo-Indian Defence , Nimzowitsch Defence , Grünfeld Defence , Bogo-Indian Defence , Old Indian Defence , Catalan Opening , King's Indian Attack , Alekhine's Defence , Modern Defence , Pirc Defence , Larsen's Opening , and to

154-403: Was becoming boring, slow, and not worthwhile. They also believed that chess could not be defined by a simple set of laws or principles, such as those laid out by Siegbert Tarrasch . Their ideas were thus a challenge to the existing orthodoxy popularised by Tarrasch in the 1890s. This orthodoxy was a rather dogmatic distillation of the ideas worked out by chess pioneer Wilhelm Steinitz . Steinitz

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168-506: Was in turn a reaction to the earlier swashbuckling style of Adolf Anderssen , Henry Blackburne , and others, who represented the Romantic school. In 1922, Réti published Die neuen Ideen im Schachspiel (English: The New Ideas in Chess ), an examination of the evolution of chess thinking from the time of Paul Morphy through the beginning of the Hypermodern school. The name "hypermodern"

182-473: Was originated by Tartakower; his book Die hypermoderne Schachpartie (English: The Hypermodern Chess Game ) was published in 1924. Nimzowitsch's book Mein System (English: My System ) was published in 1925 through to 1927 in five installments. It discusses elements of hypermodernism, but focuses mainly on positional chess. Old Indian Defence The Old Indian Defense is a chess opening defined by

196-440: Was the first player who in his play demonstrated a mastery of positional chess , and the ideas he developed came to be known as the "Classical" or "Modern" school of thought. This school of thought emphasised the importance of "static" advantages such as avoidance of pawn weaknesses, strong outposts for knights, and striving for "good" rather than "bad" bishops in positions with locked pawn structures. This school of thought

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