Høvik is a suburban area in the municipality of Bærum , Akershus , Norway , in the Oslo metropolitan area . Mainly a residential area, its population (2005) is 4,311.
58-699: It is normal to divide Høvik into two parts; Nedre (lower) and Øvre (upper). Høvik has a church , a small shopping area and a railway station, Høvik Station , served by Drammensbanen . Flytoget (Airport Express Train) does not stop at Høvik. Nearby is the Henie Onstad Kunstsenter . There are three schools in Høvik: Ramstad Skole, Høvik Verk Skole and Høvik Skole. There are also some important businesses with offices in Høvik, e.g. DNV . Høvik has beaches which can be crowded during
116-498: A 2 km (1.2 mi) dual-gauge cross-border track was rebuilt between Khasan , Russia, and Rajin , North Korea; its gauges were the Russian 1520 mm ( 4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in ) and Korean 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ). Similar arrangements exist on the approach to Kaliningrad , where 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) track extends from
174-438: A dual-gauge line was installed between Acacia Ridge and Bromelton to serve a new freight hub at Bromelton. The 1700 kilometres (1100 miles) long Inland Railway , under construction in 2022, will have about 300 kilometres (190 miles) of dual gauge. [REDACTED] The Bangladesh Railway uses three rails to avoid breaks of gauge between its broad-gauge and metre-gauge lines. The Jamuna Bridge and Padma Bridge , which link
232-694: A joint line of the Deli Railway and the Atjeh Tram . Some sugar mill railways in Java have dual-gauge sections. [REDACTED] Ireland's Ulster Railway underwent a gauge conversion from 1880mm to the new Irish standard of 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ). The Dublin & Drogheda Railway underwent a gauge conversion because the gauges were too close to allow a dual-gauge line. [REDACTED] The Potenza – Avigliano Lucania line in Italy
290-444: A rail yard and triple-gauge track is needed to meet the operational needs of the break-of-gauge station – most commonly where there is insufficient space to do otherwise. Construction and operation of triple-gauge track and its signalling, however, involves immense cost and disruption, and is undertaken when no other alternative is available. The following table shows localities where triple gauge has been necessary. Three gauges are
348-489: A result of longstanding interstate rivalries: three different gauges had persisted since the 1850s and the five mainland state capitals were not linked by standard gauge until 1995. Huge costs and long delays were imposed by trans-shipment of freight at break-of-gauge stations, whether manually, by gantry crane or by wheelset or bogie exchange. During World War II , breaks of gauge in Australia added immense difficulty to
406-588: A short length of dual-gauge track is only needed within the facility. A benefit is that the contents of fully loaded cars are not disturbed. The scheme was first adopted on the French–Spanish border and in Poland. It introduces delay into transit times compared with dual-gauge operation, but is much quicker than trans-shipping: when introduced in 1962 in Melbourne, Australia, on the route between Sydney and Adelaide,
464-524: A signalling error. The standard gauge train had been switched on to the narrow gauge track. [REDACTED] The Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme in France is dual gauge between Noyelles-sur-Mer and Saint-Valery-sur-Somme . The line has four rails with metre gauge laid within standard gauge. There are some dual-gauge (standard and Iberian) sidings at Cerbère on the Spanish border. [REDACTED] In
522-402: A three-rail dual-gauge system was proposed in order to avoid a break of gauge. However, designing turnouts was considered to be difficult due to the difference of only 165 millimetres (6.5 inches) between the 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) and the 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) broad gauge. After twenty years, the proposal was abandoned. Much later,
580-629: A three-rail layout. In 1991, the interurban trams went out of service and then the network used only standard-gauge track. [REDACTED] The Sofia tramway uses a mixture of narrow and standard gauge. A 2.6 km (1.6 mi) section of track between Krasna polyana depot and Pirotska street is dual-gauge shared by 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) route 22 and 1009 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 23 ⁄ 32 in ) route 11. [REDACTED] The new port of Kribi may serve 1000mm gauge bauxite traffic as well as 1435mm gauge iron ore traffic. [REDACTED] In
638-407: A train of empty wagons has to be brought to the break of gauge from the other side to fetch the cargo. Congestion is also caused by unloading and reloading. The problem is worsened when there is a disparity between the capacity of locomotives and vehicles on the two gauges: typically, one broad-gauge trainload needs three narrow-gauge trains to carry. Constructing dual-gauge track with three rails
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#1732775472282696-512: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Drammensbanen The Drammen Line ( Norwegian : Drammenbanen ) is a 52.86-kilometre (32.85 mi) railway line between Oslo and Drammen , Norway , which was opened on 7 October 1872. It serves all trains west of Oslo Central Station and is owned by Bane NOR . The line opened as a 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) narrow gauge railway , and rebuilt to standard gauge between 1913 and 1922. In 1922, it became
754-409: Is a dual gauge rail with 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) and 950 mm ( 3 ft 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) tracks. [REDACTED] In Japan, the national standard is 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) narrow gauge. Dual gauge is used where the 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) Shinkansen (bullet train) lines join
812-430: Is available, are termed " gauntlet track" (US: "gantlet track") . Four rails must be placed identically on either side of the central axis of dual-gauge turntables (and six rails on triple-gauge turntables) so that they match the configuration of the fixed rails leading to and from the turntable, regardless of the direction in which the turntable is facing. In rare situations, three different gauges may converge on to
870-482: Is described as dual gauge – achieved either by addition of a third rail, if it will fit, or by two additional rails. Dual-gauge tracks are more expensive to configure with signals and sidings, and to maintain, than two separate single-gauge tracks. It is therefore usual to build dual-gauge or other multi-gauge tracks only when necessitated by lack of space or when tracks of two different gauges meet in marshalling yards or passenger stations. Dual-gauge tracks are by far
928-421: Is in the range 145 millimetres (5.7 inches) to 200 millimetres (7.9 inches). In some places, the dimensions of two gauges needing to be collocated are too close to allow a three-rail configuration – for example: In such cases, four rails are needed to provide the dual gauge. Four rails might also be installed because of other engineering or operational factors, even though three rails would suffice: an example
986-514: Is on the Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme (Somme Bay railway), which combines standard and metre gauge – 435 millimetres (17.1 inches) different, well within the parameters for three rails. Four rails are necessary where the centre-line of rail vehicles on both tracks must be closely aligned with the centre-line of the track in tunnels or other constricted locations. Such configurations, when they revert back to standard parallel lines as soon as room
1044-402: Is possible when the two adjacent rails can be separated at the base by at least the space required by rail fastening hardware such as spikes and or rail clips – typically 40 millimetres (1.6 inches). If the two gauges are closer than that, four rails must be used. Depending on the rail fasteners used and the weight of rails (heavy rails are bigger), the practicable difference between the two gauges
1102-1514: Is the rollbock (Rollböcke in German), used under two-axle standard-gauge vehicles: each wheelset is carried on a small four-wheeled narrow-gauge trolley. The entire train is converted in minutes at a slow walking pace, each rollbock being automatically matched to its wheelset from underneath. A further variant is " train on train ", in which an entire narrow-gauge train is carried on standard-gauge flatcars on which continuous rail has been fitted. Differences in gauge are also accommodated by gauge-adjustable wheelsets , which as of 2022 were installed under some passenger vehicles on international links between Spain and France, Sweden and Finland, Poland and Lithuania, and Poland and Ukraine. In Spain, change-over facilities are extensive, since although 1668 millimetres (65.7 inches) track predominates, and high-speed lines are laid to 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) standard gauge, there are many lines with narrower gauges (1000 millimetres (39 inches) and others). [REDACTED] In Victoria , there are sections of 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) dual-gauge track between Southern Cross station and West Footscray , Sunshine and Newport , Albion and Jacana , North Geelong and Gheringhap , Maryborough and Dunolly , and in various goods yards and industrial sidings. Until 2008, there
1160-541: Is used by express and regional trains, along with the Airport Express Train. It is also used by freight trains at night. Dual gauge In railway engineering, " gauge " is the transverse distance between the inner surfaces of the heads of two rails, which for the vast majority of railway lines is the number of rails in place. However, it is sometimes necessary for track to carry railway vehicles with wheels matched to two different gauges. Such track
1218-431: Is very often associated with a break-of-gauge station, where rail vehicles or vehicle contents are transferred from one gauge to another. A break of gauge causes delay and increases congestion, especially on single-track lines. Essentially, two trains are required to do what a single train would normally accomplish. When traffic passes mainly in one direction, full wagons taken to the border have to be returned as empties, and
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#17327754722821276-659: The 600 mm ( 1 ft 11 + 5 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge trains of the Pelion railway . [REDACTED] In 1899, in the Dutch East Indies , dual gauge track was installed between Yogyakarta and Solo . The track was owned by the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij , a private company, which in 1867 had built the 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) gauge line. The third rail
1334-542: The Czech Republic , there is 2 km of dual gauge 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) and 760 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 15 ⁄ 16 in ) track near Jindřichův Hradec . In 1985, its original four rails were converted to three rails. In 2004, in Jindřichův Hradec at a switch where a dual gauge railway bifurcates, a Junák express from Plzeň to Brno derailed due to
1392-605: The Kongsvinger Line , while Drammen was connected to Ringerike by the Randsfjorden Line. The most important use of the lines were shipment of lumber to the respective ports for export, but the lines also saw an increasing passenger traffic. Due to the cheap and quick construction method propagated by NSB at the time, the Randsfjord Line was built in narrow gauge; the lines connecting to Oslo were on
1450-552: The Netherlands were constructed with a track gauge of 1945 mm ( 6 ft 4 + 9 ⁄ 16 in ). For the 1939 centennial celebration, an exact replica of the country's first locomotive "De Arend" was built using the original blueprints. Since 1953, the locomotive is housed at the Dutch National Railway Museum , where in recent years, a dual-gauge track has been constructed in
1508-600: The Randsfjorden Line . The entire line has double track due to the heavy traffic on the line. The longest Norwegian railway bridge is just before Drammen where the line crosses the Drammen river. That bridge is 454 metres long. Both Drammen and Oslo were important ports serving Eastern Norway, and both had by the 1870s their own railway lines. Oslo was connected to Romerike by the Hoved Line and to Sweden by
1566-557: The Ruhr and 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge tracks on lines north of the Ruhr. The north lines closed in the 1960s and 1970s. Duisburg's three routes were converted to 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) gauge track. [REDACTED] Ghana is converting its narrow gauge to standard gauge, and is installing dual-gauge sleepers as an intermediate stage. [REDACTED] In Greece,
1624-554: The South Australian Railways successfully adopted dual-gauge turnouts . In Western Australia , 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) of double-track dual-gauge extends for 120 km (75 mi) of the main line from East Perth to Northam . Dual-gauge track is also used from the triangle at Woodbridge to Cockburn Junction , then to Kwinana on one branch and North Fremantle on
1682-614: The 1970s, the Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen tram lines underwent a gauge conversion from 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge to standard gauge. This was part of an upgrade to the Stuttgart Stadtbahn . In 1981, 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) and 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) dual-gauge track was constructed so that new DT-8 Stadtbahn cars and old trams could share
1740-613: The 3,632-metre (11,916 ft) Oslo Tunnel opened in 1980, extending the Drammen Line from Skøyen to the new Oslo Central Station , that replaced Oslo East Station. The former terminus of Oslo West Station was closed, and has since been converted into the office of the Nobel Peace Prize . The railway from Skøyen to Oslo V has been reclassified to the Skøyen–Filipstad Line , and is used for freight trains serving
1798-485: The Oslo Port. The former Port Line that connected the east and west stations was removed. The Asker Line is an partially completed line that supplements the Drammen Line between Oslo and Asker. Construction started in 2001, with the first section from Asker to Sandvika opening in 2005. The section from Sandvika to Lysaker opened in 2011. The construction of the last section in the original plans, from Lysaker to Skøyen,
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1856-789: The Port of Brisbane utilise the dual gauge Fisherman Islands line that runs parallel to the Cleveland railway line from Park Road to Lindum . Passenger trains use the dual-gauge section of the Beenleigh railway line running parallel to the electric suburban narrow gauge of the Queensland Rail city network over the Merivale Bridge into platforms 2 and 3 at Roma Street Station . This is used by standard gauge interstate New South Wales TrainLink XPT services to Sydney . In 2012,
1914-470: The construction of the line. The rail gauge issue still created a problem, as did the location of the railway station in Oslo; Oslo East Station was located at the then east end of the city, and a line from Drammen—located to the west of Oslo—would either have to take the long trip around the north of the city, or terminate at a separate station on the west end. The latter solution was chosen, and Oslo West Station
1972-545: The east–west and north–south rail systems respectively, have four-rail dual-gauge tracks. Of the 2,875 kilometres (1,786 mi) Bangladesh Railway system, about 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) has four-rail dual-gauge. [REDACTED] Tram tracks in Brussels once combined 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) metre gauge lines for inter-urban trams and 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) lines for urban trams in
2030-671: The first line on the national network to be electrified. The Lieråsen Tunnel shortened the line in 1973, and in 1980 the Oslo Tunnel was built, allowing the line to connect to the new Oslo Central Station. The Asker Line runs parallel to the Drammen Line, mostly in tunnels. At Drammen, the Vestfold Line branches off to the south while the Bergen Line and the Sørlandet Line continue together to Hokksund along
2088-427: The freight handling time per train dropped from five days to less than two. The process involved disconnecting the brake rigging and bogie centre pins have to be disconnected before the vehicle is lifted and new bogies are wheeled underneath. In Europe, a similar principle embodies low-profile, small-wheeled transporter wagons , which carry vehicles built for one gauge on a line with a different gauge. A variant
2146-595: The line between Athens and Elefsis (now closed) was dual gauge in order to allow the 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge trains of the Peloponnese rail network to pass. It also allowed standard gauge trains to reach the Elefsis shipyards. In Volos , a short section of track between the main station and the harbour used an unusual triple gauge, to accommodate standard gauge trains from Larissa , metre gauge trains from Kalambaka , and
2204-513: The line came with the opening of the 10.7-kilometre (10,700 m) long Lieråsen Tunnel on 3 June 1973, part of a new 15.2-kilometre (9.4 mi) line from Asker to Brakerøya. This concluded the double track to Brakerøya in Drammen, and shortened the railway by 12,438 metres (40,807 ft). Part of the old line, from Asker to Spikkestad , has been kept as the single-tracked Spikkestad Line , used by commuter trains. After decades of planning,
2262-741: The line to Surabaya instead of on the original line via Kedungjati. In 1942 and 1943 in Java , under Japanese military occupation , conversion took place from 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 1,435 mm ) to 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) on the Brumbung –Kedungjati–Gundih main line and the Kedungjati– Ambarawa branch line. Until the 1970s, a short section of dual gauge 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 750 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) line existed in North Sumatra on
2320-626: The lines. At the north end of the route, at the junction with Rheinstraße, the trams reverse. There, the standard gauge line ends, while the metre gauge lines continue. At the Hauptbahnhof, on Oppumer Straße, dual gauge track continues. At the ends of Oppumer Straße, the two tracks diverge. In Mülheim there is a similar situation. The Duisburg tram line 901 meets the local line 102 . The tram system in Duisburg uses 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) gauge track while
2378-842: The main network. For example, part of the Ōu Main Line became part of the Akita Shinkansen and was converted to dual gauge in a limited section. The longest (82.1 km (51.0 mi)) dual gauge section in Japan is near, and in, the Seikan Tunnel . Sections of the Hakone Tozan Line are among a number of other dual-gauge lines. [REDACTED] Mexico previously had 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) and 914 mm ( 3 ft ) dual gauge track. [REDACTED] The first railway lines in
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2436-467: The maximum found on operating railway lines and in railway yards, but some rolling stock manufacturers collocate more than three lines in their works, depending on the particular gauges of their customers. Transfer of freight and passengers between different gauges does not necessarily involve dual-gauge track: there may simply be two tracks that approach either side of a platform without overlapping. In Australia, 13 break-of-gauge stations existed by 1945 as
2494-426: The middle of a "biting-cold" night in 1896 and there formed his pungent view of "the paralysis of intellect that gave that idea birth". In some locations, an alternative to building long lengths of dual-gauge track has been to change the wheels on rolling stock , either by dropping and changing wheelsets from four-wheeled vehicles or exchanging bogies (US: trucks) under eight-wheeled vehicles. With this arrangement,
2552-454: The most common configuration, but triple-gauge tracks have been built in some situations. The rail gauge is the most fundamental specification of a railway. Rail tracks and wheelsets are built within engineering tolerances that allow optimum lateral movement of the wheelsets between the rails. Pairs of rails that become too wide or narrow in gauge will cause derailments, especially if in excess of normal gauge-widening on curves. Given
2610-473: The network. In 2008, a further gauge conversion was completed. The Stuttgart Straßenbahn Museum operates 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge trams on weekends and special occasions. In Krefeld on Ostwall, tram lines are dual gauge so that standard 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) Rheinbahn U76 Stadtbahn cars and 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge trams may share
2668-478: The other hand built in standard gauge, to ensure compatibility with the Swedish railway network . There was a considerable feeling of rivalry between the two cities at the time, and particularly in Drammen there was skepticism of building a line that could dilute the cities regional influence on behalf of the capital. Radical forces eventually succeeded in changing the tide of opinion, and Drammen politicians allowed
2726-465: The other. The signalling system detects the gauge of the approaching train and puts the signals to stop if the route is set for the wrong gauge. In Queensland , there is a section of 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) dual-gauge track between the rail freight yards at Acacia Ridge and Park Road station , which is utilised by both passenger and freight trains. Freight trains to
2784-595: The rail yard, allowing for the locomotive to drive back and forth on special occasions. [REDACTED] In Poland, there is 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) of 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) and 750 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) dual-gauge track in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , linking Pleszew with a nearby mainline station. It is served by narrow-gauge passenger trains and standard-gauge freight trains. [REDACTED] Between 2008 and 2012,
2842-443: The rails of the narrower gauge lying between those of the broader gauge. In the three-rail configuration, wear and tear of the common rail is greater than with the two other outer rails. In dual gauge lines, turnouts ( railroad switches ) are more complex than in single-gauge track, and trains must be safely signalled on both of the gauges. Track circuits and mechanical interlocking must also operate on both gauges. Multi-gauge track
2900-504: The requirement for gauge to be within very tight limits, when the designed distance between the pair of wheels on a wheelset differs even slightly from that of others on a railway, track must be built to two specific gauges. That is achieved in a variety of ways: most commonly by adding a third rail, more rarely by adding another pair of rails; and rarer still, when three gauges are present, by four rails. Dual-gauge track can consist of three rails, sharing one "common" rail; or four rails, with
2958-560: The summer. This is a well-known recreation area all year round, attracting people from the whole of Bærum . Høvik IF has sections for alpine skiing , bandy , association football and jogging . They play in Norwegian Bandy Premier League . In 2016 the men's team reached the quarter-final and the women's team the final. 59°54′N 10°35′E / 59.900°N 10.583°E / 59.900; 10.583 This Akershus location article
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#17327754722823016-797: The tram route from Witten to Mülheim uses 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge tracks. Two lines share a tunnel section between the Mülheim (Ruhr) Hauptbahnhof and Schloss Broich then diverge at street level. The tram network between Werne to Bad Honnef is large with various operators and gauges. The trams in Wuppertal used 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) gauge track on east–west lines and 1000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) gauge track on north–south lines. Trams in Duisburg used 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) gauge track on lines south of
3074-517: The war effort by needing extra locomotives and rolling stock, and more than 1600 service personnel and a large pool of civilians, at transfer points for an annual average transfer of about 1.8 million tonnes of freight. To cost and inefficiency was added, in the case of passengers, considerable inconvenience. In 1896, at Albury station on the Sydney–Melbourne railway , famed American writer Samuel Clemens ( Mark Twain ) had to change trains in
3132-534: Was a dual-gauge line between Wodonga and Bandiana . At Albury railway station , New South Wales , a 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) and 1435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) dual-gauge line was in place until 2011. A dual-gauge line was within Tocumwal railway station until 1988, when the standard gauge component was put out of use. In 1900, in South Australia ,
3190-469: Was first postponed until after 2020, but in 2020, new planning started for a longer project extending all the way to Oslo Central Station, bypassing Skøyen to the north on the preferred route. The line only serves Asker, Sandvika and Lysaker (the planned extension will add Nationaltheatret and Oslo Central), and allowed the capacity west of Lysaker to increase from 12 to 26 trains per hour. The Asker Line, allowing speeds at 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph),
3248-489: Was installed to allow passengers and goods travelling over the 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge Staatsspoorweg (state railway) a direct connection. At a later date, the government constructed new tracks to allow greater capacity and higher speeds. In 1940, a third rail was installed between Solo and Gundih on the line to Semarang , allowing 1067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) gauge trains to travel between Semarang, Solo and Yogyakarta via Gambringan, on
3306-516: Was opened along with the new line. Built as a narrow gauge railway, the Drammen Line was converted to a dual gauge railway between 1917 and 1920. On 13 November 1922 the dual gauge was removed. The line from Oslo V to Brakerøya was electrified on 26 November 1922 while the line from Brakerøya to Drammen was electrified on 6 May 1930. The Drammen Line was the second railway line in Norway to be rebuilt to double track. The line from Oslo V to Sandvika
3364-500: Was opened with double track on 26 November 1922 while the line from Sandvika to Asker was extended in three steps: Billingstad – Hvalstad on 24 July 1953, Hvalstad–Asker on 29 November 1955 and Sandvika–Billingstad on 9 November 1958. Double track further to Brakerøya in Drammen opened with the Lieråsen Tunnel, while the last part over the bridge into Drammen Station was finished in 1996. The most significant shortening of
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